فصلنامه پژوهش های تجربی حسابداری
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، زمستان 1392)

The value relevance of earnings and the changes related to normal and abnormal returns have been studied in this research. Thus، according to theory and literature، for data analysis، five regression models were used. Statistical Society consists of accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 1384 to 1389 and due to current limitations the studied samples include 74 companies. Results from data analysis show that accounting earnings has Value relevance for users. In other words، both annual normal and abnormal returns have a significant relation with the accounting earnings. It means accounting earnings has a direct and significant relation to normal return، but also has a negative and significant relation to abnormal return. The announcement of accounting earnings effect on stock price and it Causes positive or negative return.

Today there is a rapidly changing business world. Therefore most of the growing Enterprises are moving towards Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in order to integrate their business units. Implementing this systems have a great impact on the performance of that Enterprises. The objective of this paper is investigating the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting. The sample include 120 Firm-yaer observations during 2008 to 2012. The hyposis tested using probit regression model. The result suggest that ERP - implementing firms are less likely to report internal control weaknesses (ICW) than a matched control sample of non – implementing firm. Furthermore firms with M&A activity، losses، lower market value، lower ERP age are less likely to relate to lower level of internal control weaknesses.

Analysis of behavioral reaction of investors to seasonal earnings news at market level is purpose of this research. Using 2877 firm-season from 2nd quarter of 1384 to 2nd quarter of 1390،behavioral reaction of stock market overall index to seasonal earnings changes has been investigated. Studies on stock market reaction to seasonal earnings at market level shows that there is no relationship between seasonal market return & aggregate earnings news & seasonal announcements by firms does not cause significant change in overall index. Contrary to market level results،analysis of stock price behavior at firm level shows the significantly positive relationship between seasonal stock return & earnings news. In other words the reaction of firms'' stock price to seasonal earnings is significantly positive،and also stock price underreacts to seasonal earnings announcements. this behavior was not observed at market level.

This study investigates for relation between auditors ‘expertise and ethical sensitivity and moral judgment. According to conflicts of interest and nature of auditing issues، Auditors should have the competence or skills needed. However، there is no detailed definition of competence in auditing standards and the definition of this concept change over time. Ethical competence of important dimensions of this concept has considered more after current crisis. The data for this survey has been gathered by scenarios and a questionnaire distributed among 150 independent auditors in Tehran and has been analyzed using statistical methods. The results of this survey has been show that the ethical sensitivity and moral judgment is one of the key dimensions of auditors'' skills

The timely access to published periodical information of listed companies is one of the investors’ main concerns. Past studies in TSE shows the lack of timely disclosure and delay in company''s interim audited reports in recent years. This study aimed to determine the effects of seven factors affecting delay، such as age، industry، size، capital structure، growth، profitability and volume. The population includes all companies they accepted and listed before 2004. Then 103 companies have been selected as research sample. Data analysis was done with Panel Data method. After reviewing the data by descriptive method we used statistical tests. The Mean time of delay for sample companies reporting was about 62 days. After performing all tests، we can say that there is a significant relation between age with delay in interim financial reports. This means that if a company has older age then it has delays less than the deadline. So other independent variables do not have significant relationship with lag.

The role of Accounting Conservatism in corporate governance to mitigate agency problems associated with managers'' investment decisions is proposed by Watts (2003)، Ball and Shivakumar (2005) and Ahmed and Duellman (2010). These studies suggest that Accounting Conservatism can improve investment efficiency by reducing managers'' incentives to take on negative NPV projects and doing corrective actions about poorly performing projects. Firms that use more conservative accounting will have higher future profitability than firms that use less conservative accounting. In this research، we examined the relationship between Accounting Conservatism and future profitability، as a manifestation of investment decisions، in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2001-2010. Consistent with Accounting Conservatism in improving investment decisions، we hypothesize Firms that use more conservative accounting will have higher future profitability than firms that use less conservative accounting. The findings of Regression Analysis show no significant relationship between Accounting Conservatism and future profitability. These results are not consistent with Ahmed and Duellman''s (2010) findings. The results show that Accounting Conservatism has not important role in managers'' investment decisions. So we suggest that Iranian Accounting Standards setters require increasing use of Conservatism to benefit the stockholders and other users to monitor the managers’ activities.

The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effect of audit quality on cost of equity capital in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The cost of equity capital as part of the company''s cost of capital، expected return on the common stock holders. The auditing increases the credit of required information by investors. Once information quality increases، information risk is reduced thereby reducing the expected rate of return to investors. Thus، higher quality audit can reduce cost of equity capital. The audit quality is measured by three indicators: audit firm size، auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure. In this study، data of 120 companies are analyzed for the years 2004-2011 on Panel Data basis by using the Fixed Effect Model. The result show that audit firm size has no significant effect on cost of equity capital، but auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure are negatively related to cost of equity capital. Therefore، it can be concluded that audit quality has a significant effect on cost of equity capital.

Among the main concern for any organization is identifying the balanced performance measurement indicators. One of the most effective tools in this regard is the balanced scorecard approach. In this research، it has been attempted to identify and rank the balanced performance measurement indicators in National Iranian Gas Company. In the light of aim، this research is among the applied research and with respect to the method of data collection it is the descriptive/survey research. Therefore، with reviewing the related literature، national Iranian gas company’s strategic map and using experts’ opinions as well as using the Delphi technique، 27 variables were finally identified as the balanced performance measurement indicators. using the statistical analysis as well as sign test، the main indicators that were 24 variables among 27 initial indicators were selected. Finally، through using Friedman test، these 24 indicators were ranked. The ability of operationalizing the strategic map is considered a key factor in success and going concern of each company. The research findings showed that using the balanced scorecard approach can identify، rank and operationalize the important parts of national Iranian gas company’s strategic map correctly and timely. using the balanced scorecard in the process of performance measurement can lead to savings in time and resources as well as to gain competitive advantage for national Iranian gas company.

Sustainable tax paid rate focuses on maintaining consistent tax avoidance outcomes over time. Sustainability differs from tax minimization. This study examines whether Sustainable tax paid rate provides information about the persistence of a firm’s pre-tax earnings and earnings components in Tehran Stock Exchange. This study uses the coefficient of variation of annual cash effective tax rate and coefficient of variation of annual cash taxes paid to proxy for a sustainable tax paid rate. The sample containing 54 firms over the period 2002–2011. The results suggest that firms with more sustainable tax don’t show more persistent pre-tax earnings and earnings components.