فصلنامه مطالعات روان شناسی ورزشی
پیاپی 5 (پاییز 1392)

Researchers always have been interested in study of motor and cognitive performance and effective factors in order to prevention of reducing the physical functions in old age. So this study was conducted to answer this question and its objective is to predict motor and cognitive performances among active and inactive elderly based on their mood states. 70 elderly (60-83 years old) in Shiraz city were participated in this study. They filled in Yale Physical Activity questionnaire and the Mood States Questionnaire of Terry & Lane (BRUMS). Countdown task was used to measure the cognitive performance، and to measure the motor performance clapping and walking tasks were used. Multivariate analysis of variance، Pearson Correlation Coefficient and linear regression was used in this study. The results of MANOVA showed that the active elderly possess more positive mood states and have a better motor and cognitive performance than the inactive group of elderly. The results of regression showed that the increase of fatigue and tension in active group، will lead to an increase and decrease in motor and cognitive performance respectively. The results of this study support previous studies on the role of physical activity in improving motor and cognitive performance and mood states in elderly.

Mindfulness meditation is one of the main athletic performance-enhancement strategies that affects through improvement of concentration; yet little research has been carried out to confirm its principal effects on physical exercise. Recent studies have shown that mindfulness can improve decision making، movement control، balance performance and physical fitness. Moreover، several studies showed that mindfulness based approaches positively affect sport performance in different fields and so associates with exercise maintenance. This article presents the theoretical rationale for mindfulness intervention، an integration of the recent conceptualizations، and an overview of this innovative approach for enhancing athletic performance. Furthermore، it showes strategies and techniques that target the development of mindfulness، acceptance of internal experiences such as thoughts، emotions، physical sensations، clarification of valued goals، decrease in impulsiveness، and enhanced attention to external cues that are required for optimal athletic performance. This is an analytical review based on evidence that aimed to present the reasons underlying the effects of mindfulness meditation on sport performance، and outline suggestions about the relationship between mindfulness based approaches and sport or exercise performance.

The main purpose of the present study was to comparison the use of coping strategies among elite and expert wrestlers. A total of 120 volunteer wrestlers from Tehran (in tow group) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Coping whit stress style questionnaire (SSCSSQ). The Multivariate Tests (Manova) determined that significant interaction effect between on mean score in encounter Coping style in two groups and also showed that significant interaction effect between on mean score in avoid Coping style in two groups. The results revealed that elite wrestlers and expert wrestler’ sues of avoid Coping style and encounter coping style، respectively.

Based on the self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci)، purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived autonomy-supportive behaviors of physical education teachers on psychological needs satisfaction، intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls. The hypothesized meditational roles of psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation were also studied. The research method was a descriptive- survey. In a sample 283 secondary school students aged between 14 and 18 years from Kermanshah، Participants responded to the questionnaires: perceived autonomy support scale for exercise settings، psychological needs satisfaction، intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of physical activity. Data were analyzed using with Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Models (SEM). The finding showed autonomy-supportive behaviors had significant positive correlation with psychological needs (competence and relatedness)، intrinsic motivation and enjoyment. The Results supported proposed model in that perceived autonomy support fosters more psychological needs satisfactions and intrinsic motivation in PE، in turn، enhanced more enjoyment of physical activity. Total mediation was supported in the case of psychological needs satisfaction، intrinsic motivation in the relationship between autonomy-supportive and enjoyment of physical activity. The findings highlight the importance of perceived autonomy-supportive behaviors of physical education teachers in fostering more intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls.

The purpose of this research was to compare sport motivation and competitive anxiety in Free wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling athletes. The statistical population included all Free wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling athletes which had been participated in 11th students sport Olympiad. The statistical sample by adjusted Cochran and regulation formula was formed and included 88 applicants (44 applicants of free wrestling and 44 applicants of Greco-Roman wrestling athletes) who were randomly selected that responded questionnaire sport motivation and competitive anxiety in sport. The results of multivariate ANOVA showed that there were significant difference between Free wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling athletes on sport motivation. Also there were significant difference between tow group on enjoyment and health pressures، mean score Greco-Roman wrestling athletes were higher than Free wrestling on enjoyment factor. In contrast، health pressures mean score of Free wrestling athletes were higher than Greco-Roman wrestling athletes. The t test for independent groups showed that there were significant differences between two groups on competitive anxiety and main score of it. In conclusion the results of current study can be discussable on competitive anxiety، for sport psychologist in term of sport motivation and its factor as well as competitive anxiety levels and attention.

The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and aggression among athlete students. The method of this research was descriptive –correlation. So، 333 athlete students were selected by random cluster sampling and completed demographics، sport multidimensional perfectionism of Gotwals & Dunn and athletic aggression of Bredemeier questionnaires. The validity of questionnaires was confirmed by constructive comments of psychologists and sport management professors coaches and athletes and their reliability determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0. 89 and 0. 83 respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics Kolmogorov-Smirnove test (KS-test)، pearson correlation and multivariable regression. The results of this study indicated that perfectionism has positive and significant correlation with athlete students aggression. Also، through subscales of perfectionism، only the perceived parental pressure subscale does not correlate significantly with athletic aggression. The results of regression analysis subscale concern over mistakes were recognized as the best predictor of hostile aggression. According to results of this study، perfectionism must not be considered as a negative predictor for aggression، because it reduces adaptive perfectionism to aggression. Therefore، both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism dimensions must be noted synchronously.

The purpose of study was detection and priorities of spectators and athlete’s motivation for doing ancient and local chokheh wrestling sport. Research population was 384 spectators and 178 athletes. For collecting data applied tow questionnaire of spectator motivation for attendance in arena Correia & Estevez and questionnaire of motivation for participating in sport. For Validity of this instruments، utilized the opinion of expert and for internal validity of questionnaire Cronbach alpha was applied (r=0. 81، 0. 79). For certainty of normal distribution of date K-S test and Friedman test for priories of means، were applied. Result showed that most important motivation of spectator was interest in team (attend of elite wrestler، saw beloved wrestler) recreation and entertain (pleasure of sport، chokheh wrestling elegance) and most important motivation of athletes was psychological factor (collation with negative emotions and development of self -esteem) and physical factor (fitness and Wight control). According to result of study suggests that policy maker have a more consideration to this ancient and local sport and held high quality league in country، prepare basic situation for attendance of more spectator for attracting and develop this sport.