نشریه به زراعی نهال و بذر
سال بیست و نهم شماره 3 (1392)

To calibrate crop parameters and validation of ORYZA2000 model under potential production condition and simulation of leaf area index، biomass of plant organs and grain yield of three rice cultivars at different seedling ages، field experiments were carried out as split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and three replications in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons in Haraz Extension and Technology Development Center، Amol، Iran. Main plots were three rice cultivars including; Tarom، Fajr and Qaem1 and sub-plots consisted of rice seedling ages; 17، 24 and 33 days. Results showed that the model sufficiently simulated grain yield، biomass and leaf area index from transplanting to harvesting. In average، the normalized RMSE in growing period was 13-15% for total dry weight، 18-21% for green leaf dry weight، 17-20% for stem dry weight، 16-23% for panicle dry weight، 6-9% for grain yield and 24-26% for leaf area index. ORYZA2000 model had the capability to simulate growth، development and grain yield of rice cultivars and can be used as an appropriate tool for better planning of paddy field management and also as a effective supporting tool for adaptation test of improved rice cultivars in Iran.

Determination of suitable planting date for canola is important for synchronising of vegetative and reproductive stages of plant with favorable climatic conditions to increase quantity and quality of seed yield. This experiment was conducted for two growing seasons (2006–2008) at Behbahan agricultural research station. A split-plot arrangment in randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Sowing date was assigned to main plots; 23 October (mean daily air temperature in the first and second year were 28. 5 ºC and 25 ºC، respectively)، 01 November (mean daily air temperature in the first and second year were 26. 5 ºC and 22. 5 ºC، respectively)، 11 November (mean daily air temperature in the first and second year were 18. 5 ºC and 22 ºC، respectively)، 21 November (mean daily air temperature in the first and second year were 13 ºC and 23 ºC، respectively)، 01 December (mean daily air temperature in the first and second year were 11. 5 ºC and 14. 5 ºC respectively)، 11 December (mean daily air temperature in the first and second year were 10. 5 ºC and 14 ºC، respectively). Hyola 401 hybrid and RGS003 were evaluated in sub-plots. Combined analysis of variance showed that sowing date effect was significant on agronomic traits، seed yield and yield components. The highest seed yield (2573 kg ha-1) was produced in 23 October. Canola cultivars significantly differed for agronomic traits، seed yield، yield components and oil content. Hyola 401 hybrid and RGS003 cultivar seed yield were 2780 and 2344 kg ha-1، respectively. Sowing date × cultivar intraction effect was not significant on pod plant-1، seed yield and oil content. Hyola 401 hybrid in 01 December sowing date had the heightest oil content (44. 2%). Hyola 401 hybrid seed yield was higher than RGS003 cultivar in all sowing dates. Hyola 401 hybrid had the heightest seed yield (3886 kg ha-1) in 23 October sowing date. Therefore، the recommended sowing dates for Hyola 401 hybrid is from 23 October to 11 November and for RGS003 cultivar from 23 October to 01 November in Behbahan region.

Suitable planting date have an important role in winter hardiness of oilseed rape and its grain yield. For many reasons، farmers grow oilseed rape with delayed planting date. To evaluate oilseed rape response to delayed planting، 22 genotypes were studied using split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications in Islamabad-e-Gharb Agricultural Research Station in three growing seasons (2007-10). September 29 and October 29 were considered as optimum and delayed planting date، respectively. Simple analysis of variance showed that planting date had significant effect (P<0. 01) on grain yield in three growing seasons. Average grain yield (4455 kg ha-1) in normal planting date was higher than that of delayed planting date with 3678 kg ha-1. Growing season effect was significant on all measured traits except plant height. In 2007-2008، grain yield of oilseed rape genotypes reduced significantly mainly due to severe cold winter. Genotypes significantly differed for all traits except pod number plant-1. In optimum planting date، ELITE، MHA01/18 and ZARFAM with 5079، 4907 and 4807 kg ha-1 had higher grain yield. In delayed planting date HYOLA 308، ZARFAM and SHIRALEE with 4487، 4474 and 4441 kg ha-1 produced higher grain yield، respectively. Genotype × planting date interaction effect was significant on seed oil content، while effect of growing season × planting date was significant on most of traits. Results showed that response of oilseed rape genotypes to delayed planting depends on weather conditions in autumn. Some oilseed rape genotypes such as HYOLA 401، HYOLA 308، ZARFAM and SHIRALEE had reasonable grain yield because of faster growth rate in autumn.

To study the effect of planting date on genotypes of three species of Brassica، an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad in Iran in 2008-09 and 2009-10 cropping seasons. Three separate experiments were carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications. Two mustard (Bard-1 and J-98-102/51-5)، two turnip (Rainbow and Candle)، three oilseed rape (Hyola401، RGS003 and Shiralee) genotypes and Select4 (a cross between canola and mustard) were studied in each planting date. The planting dates were Nov. 12، Dec. 10 and Jan. 09 in 2008، and Nov. 17، Dec. 19 and Jan. 09 in 2009، respectively. The mean air temperature in in Nov. 12، Dec. 10 and Jan. 09 in 2008 was 8. 0، 11. 6 and 5. 5 ºC، and in Nov. 17، Dec. 19 and Jan. 09 in 2009 was 13. 9، 14. 7 and 11. 0 ºC، respectively. With delay in planting date seed yield decreased considerably. The mean seed yield in first، second and third planting dates was 2362، 2227and 1939 kg ha-1، respectively. Seed yield of oilseed rape genotypes decreased more with delay in planting date as compared with mustard and turnip genotypes. Hyola401 hybrid had the highest seed yield and harvest index mainly due to higher seed number pod-1 and 1000-seed weight. The mean seed yield of Hyola401 hybrid in first، second and third sowing dates was 2851، 2524 and 2173 kg ha-1، respectively. Results of this study showed the superiority of oilseed rape genotypes when compared with genotypes of other Brassica species for seed yield and agronomic traits.

New sunflower hybrids were evaluated for their suitability for second cropping system in temperate-cold regions of Kermanshah Province in Iran. A split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications was used in 2010 to 2011. Planting dates including: June 11، June 26 and July 11 and sunflower hybrids including: Azargol، Farrokh and SHF-81-90 were assigned to main plots and sub- plots، respectively. Results showed that effect of planting date was signification on agronomic traits such as seed yield، days to physiological maturity and 1000 seed weight. Seed yield reduced with delay in planting date as the first and third planting dates had the highest and lowest seed yield with 4199 and 3118 kg ha-1، respectively. Hybrids were also significantly different for most of the traits. New hybrid Farrokh had the highest seed yield with 3940 kg ha-1 followed by SHF-81-90 and Azargol with 3788 and 3459 kg ha-1، respectively. Farrokh with 95 days to physiological maturity was more suitable for second cropping systems. In conclusion، new early maturity sunflower hybrid Farrokh is recommended for second cropping systems in temperate-cold regions of Kermanshah Province in Iran.

A field experiment was carried out to determine the interactions of cultivar planting date on total and marketable yields of potato. cvs. Cosima، Sante، Savalan، Santana and Almera، were planted in four planting dates، 22 December)mean daily air temperature was 16 and 14. 1 ºC in the first and second year of experiment، respectively)، 01 January)mean daily air temperature was 16. 5 ºC in both year of experiment)، 11 January)mean daily air temperatures were 10 and 17. 3 ºC in the first and second year of experiment، respectively) and 21 January)mean daily air temperature was 11. 5 and 4. 4 ºC in the first and second year of experiment، respectively) in two years (2009-2010 and 2010-2011) in Behbahan Agriculture Research Station، Khuzestan، Iran. A split-plot arrangement with four planting dates as main plots and five cultivars as sub plots in randomized block design with three replications was used. One week before harvesting haulms were defoliated. Tubers were harvestd in mid May. The longest duration period between planting date and 50% emergence (51. 83 days) belonged to planting date of 22 December. By delaying planting date، days to 50% emergence decreased at 1% probability level. Effect of planting date on total and marketable yield، yield components and tuber dry matter (%) was not significant. Cosima produced the highest stem number plant-1 (3. 34) and tuber number plant-1 (7. 15). The highest tuber weight (64. 04 g) and tuber dry matter (22. 26%) belonged to Santana and Savalan، respectively. Planting date × cultivar interaction effect on total and marketable yield was significant. The marketable yield of Savalan was higher than the other cultivars in most of planting dates. Results of this experiment showed that planting of Savalan on 22 January is recommended for winter season potato planting in Khouzestan Province.

To study the effect of planting date on seed yield and its compoments of suitable and high yielding mungbean genotypes a field experiment was carried out as factorial arrangement in randomized complete block with three replications in 2007 and 2008 in Varamin Field Station، Varamin، Iran. Experimental treatments included: five planting dates; 04 May، 19 May، 03 June، 17 June and 03 July، and four mungbean genotypes; cv. Parto، cv. Gohar، and 1-6-16 and NM-94 promising lines. Combined analysis of variance revealed that the 19 May planting date (mean temperature 24 ºC) had the highest seed yield (1805 kg ha-1) and 03 July planting date (mean temperatute 30 ºC) produced the lowest seed yield (1350 kg ha-1). NM-94 promising line had the highest seed yield (1809 kg ha-1) and cv. Gohar produced the lowest seed yield (1371 kg ha-1). Genotype × planting date interaction showed that 1-6-16 promising line had the highest seed yield (2089 kg ha-1) in 03 June planting date (mean temperature 25 ºC) and significantly differed from other treatments. The lowest seed yield (1170 kg ha-1) belonged to cv. Parto in 19 May planting date.

To evaluate the efficiency of inoculation of chickpea seed with Mesorhizobium on yield and its components on improved chickpea cultivars under rainfed conditions، a field experiment was carried out in Agricultural Research Station of Ekbatan، Hamedan Province during 2010-2011 cropping season. The experiment was conducted as factorial arrangments in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included three improved chickpea cultivars; Hashem، Arman and Azad، and six levels of inoculations; SWRI-3، SWRI-15، SWRI-3+P169، SWRI-15+P169، P169 and no inoculation. Days to flowering، days to maturity، plant height، number of pod plant-1، 100-seed weight، biological yield، harvest index and seed yield were measured recorded. Results showed that there were significant difference (P < 0. 01) among cultivars for days to flowering، days to maturity، plant height، number of pod plant-1، biological yield، harvest index and seed yield. Results also showed that inoculation had significant effect on harvest index، days to flowering and seed yield. The interaction of cultivar × inoculation was significant for days to flowering، days to maturity، plant height، harvest index and seed yield. Mean comparison showed that shortest days to maturity was observed for cv. Arman inoculated with Mesorhizobium of SWRI-3. The highest plant height was observed for cv. Hashem inoculated with Mesorhizobium of SWRI-15. The highest seed yield was obtained for cv. Azad inoculated with Mesorhizobium of SWRI-15 which produced 151% higher than check (no inoculation). Therefore، considering the environmental friendly effect of Mesorhizobium symbiosis and its effect on seed yield and yield components، it is recommended that Mesorhizobium inoculation is used as on alternative of urea fertilizer.