مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال شانزدهم شماره 83 (هفته اول بهمن 1392)

Calcium and magnesium deficiency have been mentioned as a risk factors for increasing amount of menstrual bleeding with dysmenorrhea. Given that no study was found in this field، the aim of this study was aimed determining the effect of calcium with and without magnesium on amount and duration of menstrual bleeding. This double blind randomized controlled trial was carried out on 63 students with moderate or severe dysmenorrhea in Tabriz، Iran in 2012. Participants were divided into three groups: receiving tablets of calcium، calcium combined magnesium and placebo. Amount and duration of menstrual bleeding was assessed during two months before and two months after starting intervention using the Higham chart. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 13، Kolmogorov-Smirnov، Levene، One Way ANOVA، ANCOVA، paired t-test. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. The calcium-magnesium group compared to placebo had significantly lower amount of menstrual bleeding (p=0. 009) and shorter duration of menstrual bleeding (p=0. 006). In the calcium group compared to placebo group، there was no statistically significant difference on the mean amount of menstrual bleeding (p=0. 029)، but duration of bleeding was significantly less in the calcium group (p=0. 017). The combination of calcium and magnesium is beneficial in reducing the amount and duration of menstrual bleeding in women with primary dysmenorrhea. This study could not show significant effect of calcium only، on amount of menstrual bleeding.

The insulin levels، insulin-like growth factors and C-peptide have effects on the progression of fetal growth. There are controversial results about the effects of these parameters on fetal growth. This study for the first time had investigated the serum levels of IGF-1، insulin and C-peptide simultaneously both in mothers with gestational diabetes and in their infants compared to healthy pregnant women and has determined their conflation with infant''s weight. This analytical cross sectional study was conducted on 85 healthy and diabetic pregnant women hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital of Kermanshah، Iran in 2010-2011 at the time of delivery. Fasting blood samples were obtained from mothers and cord venous blood samples were obtained immediately after birth. The serum levels of IGF-1، insulin and C-peptide were determined by ELISA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16، independent t-test، Mann-Whitney u and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. The serum levels of IGF-1 in diabetic mothers and in their infants was significantly correlated with infants birth weight (p=0. 043، p=0. 028). But other measured parameters in healthy and diabetic mothers were not significantly associated with birth weight. Serum level of IGF-1 in mothers with gestational diabetes and in their newborn is correlated to infant''s birth weight.

Length of delivery and labor pain، are the factors that can affect on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Doctors and researchers believe that safe and secure methods which have no complications for mother and fetus should be used to decrease the duration and severity of labor pain. Since، no fetal and maternal complication was observed in usage of non-pharmacological methods. This study was done aimed to evaluate the effects of massage on pain and length of delivery in nulliparous women. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 nulliparous women who were admitted in social security hospital of Ardabil، Iran for delivery in 2013. 50 women were located in case group (massage was done from the end of sacrum vertebral to Lumbar vertebral) and 50 women in control group (without massage). The massage group received massage during contractions and in cervical dilatation of 4، 6، 8 and 10 cm for 30 minutes. Then، pain intensity at the end of the second stage، duration of active phase and the second stage of labor were recorded in two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 12، chi-square، t-test and Mann-Whitney tests. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Massage reduced the intensity of labor pain (p<0. 001) and length of the first stage of labor (p<0. 001). Massage during labor reduces length of delivery and intensity of labor pain، and could be use as a safe and easy method without any side effects.