فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 33، زمستان 1392)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of response inhibition and working memory training programs on improving social skills in children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest-post test and control group. Population of the study included all children with ADHD between ages seven to eleven (7-11) who were attending Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital in Tehran. They were diagnosed as having Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. Sixteen subjects who were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: experimental and control group. Conner’s Parent Rating Scale was used to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms، Gresham and Elliot’s Social Skills Rating System was used to measure their social skills and Raven’s Progressive Matrices for children was used to assess their intellectual functioning. Experimental group received 24 sessions (every session 60 minutes) of intervention programs about response inhibition that designed by the investigators and working memory enhancement while control group received no specific treatment. Data were analyzed by using analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings showed significant differences (P<0/01) between experimental and control groups in social skills. Current study indicated that response inhibition and working memory training programs can improve social skills.

The purpose the aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Crocker contingency of self-worth inventory. Contingency of self-worth inventory was translated to Persian and confirmed its back ward by linguist and psychological experts. the Persian version was admins traded on 448 high school students (200 girls and 248 boys) who were randomly selected using multi –stage cluster sampling. The range of subjects age was 14-21. the reliability was obtained using concurrent reliability and confirmatory of factor structure. The method for the survey was descriptive and correlation. The validity was obtained using internal consistency. The range of alpha coefficients for 7 subscales were from 0/75 for ((competition)) and 0/84 for ((approval of others)). The alpha coefficients were 0/83for total score. The concurrent reliability with Rosenberg self –esteem inventory was significant (0/106،α=0. 01).

The purpose of this research has been to develop and validate the spiritual well-being questionnaire among Tehran University students. The subjects of the research Were 3052 students (1239 boys، 1761 girls though 52 persons did not determine their sex). Eventually، due to the model suggested by National Interfaith Coalition on Aging (1975) a questionnaire with 40 questions have been built to measure the dimensions of relationship with God، self، nature and the others. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four dimensions model of spiritual well being have fitted between students. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0. 94 and alpha coefficients of subscales were 0. 93، 0. 92، 0. 91 and 0. 85 respectively. Furthermore، test-retest reliability coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0. 86 and for its subscales were 0. 81، 0. 89، 0. 81 and 0. 80 respectively. The results showed the convergent and divergent validity of questionnaire were acceptable. Another consequence of the research was that the mean value of spiritual well being numbers and subscales numbers of relationship with God، self، and nature of female students were significantly more than male students. However، there was not any significant difference between genders in the relationship with other subscale. In general، the research results showed the questionnaire of spiritual well being among students has appropriate psychometric characteristics and can be used in researches.

This study examines the role of self-concept and social and emotional compatibility in individuals who are narcissistis. The research design is a descriptive research and causal - comparative’s method. Thus، the target population of 250 undergraduate students of Tehran University as a random cluster sample technique was chosen. Tools used in this study were narcissistic personality’s scale Raskin & Hall، 1979، 1988)، Rogers''s self-concept scale and (Rogers، 1957)، Bell’s compatibility questionnaire (Bell، 1961)، that all Participants responded to it. After data collection، the sample persons were divided in two equal groups of boys and girls with adaptive and maladaptive narcissism. To review the research hypotheses، Pearson chi-square test and linear regression were used. The first hypothesis test results showed that self-concept and narcissism among people of both adaptive and maladaptive groups don''t have the same meaning. This means that people with adaptive narcissism had a more positive self-concept and those with maladaptive narcissism، had a more negative self-concept. Therefore، the first hypothesis of research was confirmed. In the second hypothesis investigation، linear regression model showed that self- concept is effective in predicting the narcissism. This means that changes in people''s self-concept would change their narcissism. Therefore، the second hypothesis was confirmed too. In the third hypothesis، the result of Pearson chi-square test showed a smaller significant level of less than 0. 05 in order to study the relationship between self-concept and social and emotional compatibility، which means that there is a positive relationship between these variables. The result of Pearson chi-square tests also showed a significant level smaller than 0. 05 in orders to examine differences between emotional and social compatibility adaptive and maladaptive narcissism. In fact، the emotional and social compatibility in adaptive narcissism was more than the one in maladaptive narcissism. Examining the peripheral hypothesis of research that studied about differences between self-concept and narcissistic in boys and girls using Pearson chi-square test، did not show any significant difference between two groups. In other words، self-concept in boys and girls did not differ and narcissism was not significantly different in two groups. Therefore، the peripheral hypothesis of research was not confirmed.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the role of the relationship between gender stereotypes (masculinity-femininity)، in the prediction of irrational personal beliefs and perfectionism among high school students (boys and girls). in Mahabad city. In this study 343 students (159boy،184girl) selected by clustering random sampling method. They were evaluated by the Bem sex roles inventory (BSRI)، Ahwaz perfection scale (APS) and The survey of personal beliefs (SPB). Data was analysed using person correlation coefficient، regression analysis and t-test. Results showed significant positive correlation between femininity and perfectionism and between irrational personal beliefs and femininity، masculinity، perfectionism. The result also revealed no significant correlation between the perfectionism and masculinity. Results from regression analysis showed that gender stereotypes can predict perfectionism and especially femininity predict irrational personal beliefs. The results of t-test indicated that there was a significant differences between boys and girls student in perfectionism، Irrational personal beliefs and gender stereotypes. The present research concluded that gender stereotypes may be an important role in maladaptive beliefs and perfectionism.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Transactional Analysis group therapy on enhancing marital satisfaction and aggression control skill in patients underwent Methadone Maintenance Treatment. In the quasi-experimental study were selected by applying clustered sampling، 39 persons who were married and underwent Methadone Maintenance Treatment in three clinics in Esfahan-Iran. These people were assigned randomly in two groups: An experimental group (n=19) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group received 16 sessions of TA group therapy and the control group did not receive TA group therapy during the study. The measurement instruments were comprised of 2 standardized questionnaires: Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues، Communication and Happiness and Symptom Checklist 90 Revised. Analysis of covariance indicated that the mean score of aggression control of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group but there was no significant increase in marital satisfaction score of the treatment group. It can be concluded that use of combination of Methadone Maintenance Treatment and Transactional Analysis group therapy can enhance aggression control skill of substance abusers but has no clinically significant effect on marital satisfaction.