مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 78، اسفند 1392)

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease. Its incidence in the last decade has been steadily growing. Because of the effect of magnesium sulfate as a muscle relaxant in acute attack of asthma، in this study we investigated the effect of nebulizing of this drug in compared with normal saline in children with acute asthmatic attack. A clinical trial on 80 patients with moderate to severe asthma was done (according to GINA criteria). Two groups consisted of 40 patients were classified into intervention (magnesium sulfate + nebulisedsalbutamol) and the control group (salbutamol + normal saline). Sex and age were noted. Isotonic magnesium sulfate and normal saline were used 3 ml with 0. 15 mg/kg salbutamol، every 20 min up to three times. Pulmonary index before 30، 60 and 90 min after treatment were assessed. (IRCT 201110024396N3) There was no significant difference in mean pulmonary index before treatment among children with asthma in the intervention group (5. 5±1. 5) and control (5. 5±1. 4)، but at 90 minutes after treatment this mean in intervention group (2. 2±0. 8) was significantly lower than the control group (3. 1±1. 5) (p=0. 000). PEFR values before treatment of asthmatic children in the intervention group (127. 6±44. 4) and control (129. 3±36. 6) was showed no significant difference، but at 90 minutes after treatment in the intervention group (171±48. 1) was significantly higher than the control group (149. 3±39. 7) (p=0. 031). The results showed that the effect of magnesium sulfate + salbutamol nebulizer in comparison with salbutamol + saline nebulizer had better effect in treatment of acute asthmatic attack.

Intrauterine device (IUD) has a wide use in qualified women to prevent pregnancy around the world. Pain is one of the main reasons why women avoid using copper intrauterine device continuously. So, strategies to reduce pain are necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin B1 on the pain caused by intrauterine device insertion. This double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was performed on 126 women aged 18 to 35 years, referring to four public clinics in Boroujerd, Iran between 2011 and 2013. The women who experienced increased menstrual pain within the first cycle after IUD insertion were randomly divided into two groups: intervention group received vitamin B1supplement (100 mg) and control group received placebo one per day for three months during the second, third and fourth cycles after IUD insertion. Samples were evaluated within 5 months with one month interval before drug intervention (after IUD insertion), 3 months after drug intervention and then 1 month later after finishing intervention (without using drug and placebo). In this study, pain intensity was measured by Visual Analog Scale. (IRCT: 2012073010451N1) In contrast, pain duration mean in intervention group from 28.75±6.54 to 9.26±3.55 and in control group from 29.02±5.49 to 21.56±3.73 were reported (p<0.001). The mean of pain intensity in intervention group from 25.5% to 0% severe pain, and in control group from 24.3% to14.1% were reported. In intervention group (79.9%) and in control group (9.6%) no pain was reported (in the fifth month) (p<0.001).Need to analgesic drug in intervention group from 44.26% to 0%, and in control group from 38.7% to 42.8% were reported (p<0.001). The results showed that vitamin B1 is effective in reducing pain induced by IUD insertion.

Micropenis may be the most important sign of hypogonadism or pituitary hypofunction in neonatal period and after that. Since there is no data concerning the normal penile length and its distribution in different races in Iran، so، the aim of this study was to determine the penile length in Fars، Turkmen and Sistani newborns.

In this cross-sectional study، the stretched length of 427 male term infants (166 Fars، 129 Turkmen and 132 Sistani neonates) were assessed in the Dezyani affiliated hospital of Gorgan، Iran. Penile length measurements were done by a well-educated nurse in nursery ward in first 72 hours of their life by VYCON ruler. Penile length less than 23. 3 mm was defined as micropenis.

In this study the mean penile length was 32. 1± 3. 5 mm. Mean penile lengths in Fars، Turkmen and Sistani neonates were 31. 8±3. 9، 32. 3±3. 3 and 32. 3±3. 3 mm، respectively. There was no significant difference between races considering the mean penile length. One infant (0. 23 %) was diagnosed for micropenis.

The results of this study showed that ethnicity had no significant effect on the penile length in newborn infants and the prevalence of micropenis was low in the present study.

Heracleumpersicum is an Iranian medicinal plant which is used for various diseases. However، there is no scientific evidence to prove its side effects in pregnancy. Therefore، this study was designed to evaluate the teratogenic and abortifacient effects of Heracleum persicum hydroalcholic extract in Balb/c mice. In this experimental study، 30 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups، after mating and vagina platelets observation. First group received nothing، and second group received distilled water (gavage) and the third roup received 12. 5 mg/kg/day Heracleum persicum hydroalcholic extract for 7 days. In 18-19th day of the experiment، caesarean surgery was done and embryos were collected in normal saline. The embryos weight and heights were measured and any defects in skeleton or other observable defects in other parts were evaluated. Estrogen and progesterone levels were also measured to evaluate the mechanisms. There was a significant difference in estrogen percentage (13. 82±9. 09ng/ml in case group vs. 2. 4±0. 4ng/ml in control group) and in progesterone percentage (24. 56±18. 5ng/ml in case group vs. 52. 46±1. 35ng/ml in control group) between two groups (p<0. 05). The abortifacient effect of the plant was supported by the changes in blood estrogen and progesterone. The percentage of abortifacient was 0. 55±0. 14 in plant group and zero in control group. There was no significant difference in studied groups regarding embryos heights. However، the embryos weights were less in case group (p<0. 05). Considering plant effect on weight and hormone changes in pregnancy and abortifacient effect of Heracleum persicum in experimental group، its consumption should be with cautious during pregnancy.

With respect to efficacy and less adverse side effects of medicinal plants، interest in alternative therapeutic approaches for treatment of diseases has become very popular. So in this study antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipididemic properties of 14 day administration of methanolic extract of D. carota seeds were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. In this experimental study، type I diabetes was induced in 30 male Wistar rats (200-250g) by injection of 65 mg/kg، i. p of streptozotocin. Before this and 5 days postinjection blood samples were collected for measurement of serum level of glucose. Diabetes was confirmed in rats having FBS above 250 mg/dL. Thirty diabetic rats were divided to 5 groups (six animal for each group) received 100، 200، 300 mg/kg of extract، 600 µg/kg glibenclamide and 0. 5 ml distilled water individually by gavage for 14 days. After 14 days rats sacrificed by decapitation and fasting blood samples were collected from cervical vein and above factors were measured with commercial kits by spectrophotometery. Administration of the methanol extract of D. carota seeds) 100mg/kg) for 14 days had no significant effect on serum glucose level but significantly decreased triglycerides (113±13 vs. 84±4، p<0. 05)، LDL (27±9 vs. 9±4، p<0. 01) and VLDL (22. 6±2 vs. 16. 8±0. 8، p<0. 05) and at 300 mg/kg decreased triglycerides (175±41 vs. 61±6، p<0. 01)، VLDL (35±8 vs. 12±1، p<0. 05)، cholesterol (95±4 vs. 72±6، p<0. 05)، LDL (30. 4±2 vs. 10±3، p<0. 05) and increased HDL (42±3 vs. 50± 4، p<0. 05) serum levels in comparison with diabetic groups. According to the results of this study، administration of Daucuscarota seeds extract for 14 days has mild antihyperglycemic but significant antihyperlipidemic effects in diabetic rats.

Today addiction to morphine is one of the important problems in human societies. Incidence of anxiety as a withdrawal syndrome causes quit of chronic morphine use being difficult for addicted persons. For this reason, in this study the combined effect of methadone and haloperidol was examined on the anxiety induced by withdrawal of morphine in mice. In this experimental study, 98 NMRI male mice were randomly divided into chronic and acute groups. Each group was divided into seven sub-groups: saline, morphine (control), methadone (10mg/kg), haloperidol (0.3mg/kg), methadone+haloperidol (5mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg), methadone+haloperidol ratio of 2 to 1 (7mg/kg and 0.1mg/kg) and methadone+haloperidol ratio of 1 to 2 (3.5mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg). Except the saline group the other mice were addicted with gradually increasing doses of morphine for 8 consecutive days. All drugs in the chronic group were injected 30 minutes before morphine injection for 8 days and in the acute group a single dose 30 minutes before morphine injection in the 8th day (test day). For the assessment of anxiety in mice, elevated plus-maze was used after injecting naloxone in the test day. The result showed that in acute injection of drugs, percentage of open arm entries and percentage of time spent in open arms in the groups: methadone (37.72±3.34 and 36.79±4.03, p<0.05) haloperidol (41.33±3.70 and 41.23±6.26, p<0.01) methadone+haloperidol (39.66±4.80 and 43.14±5.85, p<0.05 and p<0.01), methadone2+ haloperidol1 (38.94±2.40 and 30.52±6.26, p<0.05), methadone1+haloperidol2 (40.80±2.50 and 37.53±4.48, p<0.01 and p<0.05) significantly increased in compared to the morphine group. But in chronic injection, only treatment groups including haloperidol (54.16±3.37 and 64.10±9.71, p<0.01 and p<0.001), methadone+haloperidol (53.61±2.54 and 51.68±4.65, p<0.01 and p<0.001), methadone1+haloperidol2 (52.61±2.97 and 54.63±4.65, p<0.05 and p<0.001) significantly reduced the anxiety caused by withdrawal of morphine. The results show that probably a combination of methadone and haloperidol can reduce morphine withdrawal-induced anxiety in mice.

Hepatitis A is associated with more complications and even death in the susceptible adults. The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibody among students of Babol University of Medical Sciences and to estimate the prevalence of susceptible population. This cross sectional study was performed on 345 students in Babol University of Medical Sciences، Babol، Iran. Two ml blood samples were obtained from each participant and serum was separated. Anti- hepatitis A antibodies were measured using ELISA method. Demographic data were collected through questionnaire. The mean of age was 19. 48±1. 38 years. Fifty individuals (14. 5%) were male and 295 (85. 5%) were female. In total، the prevalence of anti-hepatitis A antibodies was 65. 8% of cases (227. 345). The distribution of antibody in females and males was 66. 1% and 64%، respectively which there was not a statistically significant difference (p>0. 05). The distribution of anti-HAV antibody in cases lived in urban and rural was 63. 9% and 80%، respectively which there was a statistically significant difference (p<0. 044). The results of this study showed more than thirty percent of this population had not been exposed to hepatitis A and were susceptible to acquire the disease. Therefore، it suggested that prevention policy should be performed.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are one of the differential diagnoses of neonates hospitalized with symptoms of neonatal sepsis. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare, autosomal recessive, inborn error of metabolism with high prevalence in populations with high inbreeding coefficient. In this study, the prevalence of this disease in newborns admitted to the Amirkola children’s hospital in Mazandaran province in 2002-2012 has been investigated. In this descriptive study, records of neonates admitted with nonspecific symptoms of IEM were studied. Patients with diagnosis of MSUD according to elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids in quantitative analysis of serum and/or urine amino acids were investigated for age, sex, consanguinity and location of parents, clinical signs, type of treatment and outcomes for hospitalization. From 3154 neonates admitted to this hospital in this time period, 16 cases were diagnosed as MSUD (0.5%). According to the total number of births in the province during the study period (427420 people), prevalence of MSUD was 1 in 26,714 births in the whole province. Double volume exchange transfusion done in addition to drug treatment for 69%of cases (11 cases) which led to disease control and patient discharge in 73% of cases (8 cases). The results of this study showed that maple syrup urine disease prevalence in the study area is high. Implementation of the screening program for MSUD in this area and prenatal tests for families of index cases are recommended.

Colloid cyst of the third ventricle is an uncommon intracranial lesion accounts for less than 1% of all brain tumors. Although these lesions are pathologically benign but if left untreated they could cause sudden death or permanent neurological deficit. The objective of this study was to determine the surgical results of patients harboring these lesions with transcortical transventricular approach. This descriptive study was performed on 22 patients with third ventricle colloid cyst who underwent surgery at Neurosurgery department from 2007 to 2012. All patients operated with transcortical transventricular approach. Mean follow-up period was 16 (9-22) months. The study enrolled 22 cases (18 male and 4 female) with the mean age of 30±8 years. All cases presented by headache and papilledema. Mean operation time was 140±30 minutes. After surgery، intra ventricular hemorrhage observed in 6 (27. 2%) cases that was resolved without surgical intervention. Superficial wound infection occurred in 2 (9. 1%) patients. Postoperative seizure was seen in 3 (13. 6%) cases. Subgaleal hematoma in 2 (9. 1%)، subdural hematoma in 2 (9. 1%) cases were noticed. Hydrocephaly persisted in 2 (9. 1%) cases after surgery and required ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. There was no mortality and no permanent neurological deficit among patients. Mean hospitalization period was 9 days. According to the results of this study، transcortical transventricular surgical approach for third ventricle colloid cysts revealed that this method has low risk and low complication.