فصلنامه انتظام اجتماعی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1392)

This study aims at addressing the Zahedan citizen’s sense of security with the emphasis on police performance. During the history, police have enjoyed three ways for providing security and sense of security in the community that based on the social conditions they have left different effects: 1- Police capability, 2- Police vocational behavior, 3- Police social activities. Thus, in the present research, police performance could be considered as a variable which relies on one of the aforementioned ways for providing security and promoting the sense of security. To achieve this, purpose five hypotheses formulated: 1- There is a significant relationship between the age and sense of security of the citizens; 2- There is a significant difference between sex and sense of security of the citizens; 3- There is a significant relationship between attitude towards police capability and citizens’ sense of security; 4- There is a significant relationship between attitudes towards police vocational behavior and citizens’ sense of security; 5- There is a significant relationship between attitudes towards police social activities and citizens’ sense of security. This study is of a survey type. 126 participants were selected using a questionnaire in territory of police station 14 in Zahedan city in 2011. The participants were selected by cluster sampling method and then the questionnaires were distributed among them and completed. For analyzing the data the t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation test have been conducted. According to the findings of the research, the hypotheses 1 and 4 were rejected and the hypotheses 2, 3, and 5 were supported. Accordingly, men have more sense of security than women although there isn’t any significant relationship between different age groups; it means that the individuals in different age groups have the same sense of security. Despite the fact that there isn’t any significant relationship between police vocational behavior and sense of security, police capability and social activities have a direct relationship with increasing the sense of security among Zahedan citizens. Consequently, by increasing police capability and social activity, the citizens’ sense of security will be increased.

Fear is the most obvious social reaction to crime whose consequences in community and social interactions are very common and severe. Fear can include the complete avoidance of community or distance from threatening factors. Since a crime-free society is impossible, so there will always be some level of fear of crime in the community. Thus, the overall purpose of this study is comprehensive investigation and better understanding of the relationship between neighborhood factors and citizens’ fear of crime as an effective social problem in the functions and integrity of society. This study has been conducted in social survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample size of this study is 413 residents over 18 years old who were selected by multistage clustering sampling method in Karaj city. The hypotheses testing showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of the sense of belonging to the neighborhood, neighborhood relations, physical disorder, social disorder, ethnic diversity in neighborhood of residence, and satisfaction with police and fear of crime. Overall, the findings of research have confirmed the framework (the theory of social disorder). The results show that the physical environment of the city neighborhoods is a key factor in the resident's fear of crime. In this way, the symptoms of disorder in neighborhoods can directly affect the crime rates, satisfaction with police, and fear of crime levels among citizens in the city. It also became clear that the relationships among the residents are subjected to social disorder and cultural conflict and the interaction of these two factors increases the fear of crime.

The key role of knowledge management and strengthening its competitive advantage is undeniable. Thus, the process of extraction, analysis, store and use of knowledge resources that can be incorporated in today’s competitive world is an important measure in ensuring the survival of the organization. This processcan be known as knowledge acquisition. Hence, the main focus of this paper is to examine various aspects of knowledge acquisition and to design a practical model for knowledge extraction and documentationof organizational knowledge. In this regard, first, all of the previous models and the available literature in this area were reviewed through library studying and the important factors for creating a practical concept were identified. Later on, using the Delphi model, the identified model was referred to the experts for improvement. To do so, first, the experts were interviewed and based on the Delphi method for data collection purpose, a questionnaire was employed. Then, the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and after the model components’ verification the practical details of each part was described. It is worth mentioning that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was. 959 (α=.959). Then, the model has been implemented in a small part of the headquarter and its output is also recorded. According to the confirmations of the experts, the methodology and organizational knowledge acquisition strategies are different form one organization to another. As a result, the model should contain two parts of planning and performing at zero level. Also, designing a knowledge plan depends on some factors such as organizational structure, processes, physical and spiritual resources of the organization.

The present study aims at investigating the prevention police missions in both criminal and non-criminal levels and analyzing its relationship with organizational commitment of police personnel, their respect to civil rights, and sense of security in Tehran. Therefore, this study has been developed using the stratified and combination cluster sampling based on age and sex in the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality. The sample population for this study was 2000 people and the data analysis was conducted by SPSS 19 and AMOSS 16. The results of research in standardized regression coefficients indicate that respecting civil rights, eliminating the incentives for criminal acts, creating the environmental security and criminal prevention affected the sense of security at about. 283,. 063,. 123, and. 107, respectively. These effects were direct and respecting civil rights was the most effective one.

Theft is one of the most common crimes and the best example of insecurity in away that in addition to public security, it threatens the social and economic security of citizens. Given the inevitability of the role of vehicle in human life, vehicle theft is among those crimes that may put the life of the victim in a serious challenge. However, because of the importance of this city, theprevalence of this crime in Tehran may also find a political dimension. Therefore, the authors went on to study social prevention measures to reduce or control this challenging problem and to find some guidelines. To do so, this study has been conducted in descriptive-survey method, providing questionnaire, and using inferential and descriptive statistics. The main aim of this study isaddressing the social prevention strategies with multi-institutional approach and police interaction with other institutes and its effect on vehicle theft prevention. The main hypothesis of this study is: “Social preventive measures and police interaction and cooperation with other institutes in charge are effective in vehicle theft prevention.” To examine this hypothesis a 12-item questionnaire was provided and distributed among the detective officers of vehicle theft in police criminal investigation and Tehran’s police chief. After data collection and analysis of the results, it was made clear that a large percentage of these measures are effective in preventing vehicle theft. Finally, some recommendations were suggested.

Some cognitive, personality, and situational factors have been found that can be associated with aggression. The present study aims at understanding the internal relations of these factors to predict, measure, and treatment the aggression of prisoners who have a history of aggressive behavior. Based on the available resources, a model of aggression that included impulsivity, social problemsolving ability, and drug dependence was investigated with the aim of multiple regression on a sample of 207 male prisoners (having a history of using drug) aged over 18 years old with the educational level of junior-high degree in Kerman Province.The data were collected using Barratt Impulsivity questionnaire (BIS-11), a short form of Zorilla’s social problem-solving ability, the inventory of deliberate /impulsivity aggression (IPAS), and the Substance Dependence Questionnaire (SAD). The results indicated that social problemsolving ability, impulsivity, impulsivity and drug dependence are important in understanding and predicting the aggression. Also, calculating the model’s compatibility parameters showed that the data are appropriately compatible with final model.

The roles and missions of police personnel as enforcement officials of justice are in a way that the probability of any loss arising from their actions are very possible.On this basis, due to these actions, the adverse outcomes ranging from death, injury and property loss are triggered in all years that consequently lead to the legal proceedings against police personnel. In many cases law enforcement agencies or employees are convicted to pay compensations to persons aggrieved. Therefore, this study, referring to different legal literature and studying available notions, aims at explaining the civil liability arising from the act of police chiefs and their subordinates and the impact of these responsibilities on the enforcement officials’ tasks. The research method was library studying and survey method and the type of the research is implicational. The data collection tools are note taking from literature and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was all of the police stations’ chiefs of (Tehran’s police chief) in 2011. The validity of the research was confirmed by the experts and scholars and its reliability was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (73%). The obtained data from questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the findings of the research, measures of civil liability arising from the act of shooting, illegal entry to privacy and failure to perform duties of court sentences have the most effect on the enforcement officials’ tasks. Therefore, it has been suggested that certain rules should be passed by legislatures in order to expand the government’s responsibility for theperformance of police personnel. In addition, a training course entitled as “civil liability of police” should be included in the curriculum of university so that before attending the police stations the personnel would be familiar with civil liability, especially liabilities arising from 3 aforementioned indices.