Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:18 Issue: 5, 2013

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is considered as one of the most common disorders of childhood. The mother-child relationship and interaction are considered as one of the factors that can control or exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Therefore، this study aims at investigating the efficiency of changing mother-child interaction-patterns in improving the symptoms in children who are affected with ADHD. In this study، a quasi-experimental method with the control group، pre-test، and post-test was employed. Statistical population of this study includes all the mothers of 8 to 10 years old، which are ADHD affected boys in Urmia who had visited medical centers، and have been diagnosed with ADHD. Amongst 70 participants، 30 of them were randomly selected as statistical samples and divided equally into the control and experimental groups. The mothers filled out the ADHD disorder symptoms rating scale، SNAP-IV Parent Rating Scale، before and after the experimental and control groups were established. The program for improving the parent-child interaction patterns was designed in 10 sessions، and was applied to experimental group. The results of covariance analysis showed that parent-child interaction patterns improvement program is effective in terms of reducing and improving the symptoms of attention deficit (F= 20. 70، P<0. 01) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (F= 96. 25، P<0. 01) in ADHD. Using training methods centered on mother-child interaction improvement in families with ADHD children can significantly resolve their problems.

One of the most effective factors contributing to sperm dysfunction and reducing the sperm motility is increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress of seminal plasma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of combined docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E supplements on oxidative stress markers in seminal plasma in asthenozoospermic men. In this randomized، triple-blind، placebo-controlled clinical trial، out of 275 men who referred to Avicenna infertility clinic، fifty asthenozoospermic males، defined as less than 50% sperm motility or less than 25% with rapid progressive motility. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to the stratified blocked randomization. Participants in the intervention group took daily 465 mg of DHA and 600 IU of vitamin E; and those in the control group took daily two placebos for 12 weeks. 8-isoprostane، total antioxiant capacity (TAC)، and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations، sperm characteristics، dietary intakes، anthropometric measurements and physical activity were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software. The statistical tests were analyzed of covariance، student''s t-test، paired-samples t-test، Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. Out of 50 participants، 22 men in the intervention group and 20 men in the control group completed the protocol of the study. TAC concentration of seminal plasma significantly increased in the intervention group، as compared with the control values (P<0. 001). 8-isoprostane (P=0. 033) and MDA (P=0. 002) concentration of seminal plasma significantly decreased in the intervention group، as compared with the control values. According to this research، combined DHA and vitamin E supplements led to decreasing oxidative stress of seminal plasma. Because of the effects of ROS on sperm dysfunction، intakes of antioxidants such as vitamin E may reduce oxidative stress in infertile men.

Voluntary and involuntary retrieval of unpleasant memories from emotional memory is correlated with occurrence and reoccurrence of depression. The aim was to investigate the efficacy of emotional memory management program (EMMP) on reducing depression; negative automatic thoughts; negative sight about self، world، and future. 112 women between 25 and 35 years old at Marefat Culture Home completed the BDI-II، NAT Questionnaire، Cognitive Triad Inventory، and RIQ (Response to Intrusions Questionnaire). Some participants who had low depression (their score at depression inventory were between 10 and 18) and had at least one disturbing memory during last week were randomly allocated to a training (experimental) or a control group. The experimental group received nine sessions of training with the EMMP. Research method was pre-post test with 30-days follow up. Findings support EMMP''s effect on reducing depression (α=0. 02)، negative automatic thoughts (α=0. 05) and negative sight about self، others، and world (α=0. 008) and this effect has been stable at 30-days follow up. EMMP decreases depression by increasing awareness and technics for management of emotional memory. Therefore، with several sessions training can resist people against depression.

Although the use of a dynamic hip screw (DHS) is considered to be the suitable treatment for intertrochanteric fractures، the external fixation device could produce clinical outcomes comparable to the outcomes obtained with conventional treatment. Furthermore، because external fixation is minimally invasive، we expected a lower rate of morbidity. Therefore، we compared the two treatments in a clinical trial of elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture. Participants were included 60 elderly high-risk patients with an age of 785. 6 years who were treated for intertrochanteric fracture، resulting from a low energy trauma. Patients were randomly divided in two conditions regarding the treatment. In group A، the patients were treated with DHS، while in group B patients were treated with external fixator. The fixator was well accepted and no patient had significant difficulties while sitting or lying. The intraoperative time was 7310 minutes in group A and 158 minutes in group B (P<0. 01). 27 patients of group A needed blood transfusion postoperatively and none in group B (P<0. 001). The duration of hospitalization in group A and group B was 8. 42 and 2. 21. 5 days، respectively (P<0. 05). 9 of patients in group B had pin-track infection grade 2 that all were treated by oral antibiotics. There were no differences in comorbidities، quality of reduction، screw cut out، bed sore and HHS between the two groups. Treatment with external fixator is an effective treatment for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly high-risk patients. The advantages include quick and simple application، minimal blood loss، less radiation exposure، adequate fixation، pain reduction، and early discharge from hospital، low costs and favorable functional outcomes.

One of the main worries and concerns in radiotherapy is the lack of suitable and available method for precise localization of lymphatic tumors. In regards to gallium 67 uptake by lymphoid cancer cells and use of metrizoate to label gallium 67، probably through this method we can study the exact location of lymphoid cancer cells. Therefore، the present study had an attempt to assess the metrizoate-labeled gallium 67 uptake by lymphoid cancer cells in different times. This study was an experimental study. Lymphoid cancer cells in specific colonies were grown in 75 gel culture medias and divided into 5 groups. Gallium-67، metrizoate and metrizoate-labeled gallium 67 in three concentrations 50%، 60%، and 75% were added to each group separately. Subsequently، the absorbed volume was determined in the following definite times: 1، 4، 8، 24 and 72 hours. The data obtained was investigated by ANOVA and TUKEY tests. The results within 72 hours revealed that most absorption occurred 4 hours following the addition of metrizoate-labeled gallium 67 and gallium 67 (P<0. 05). Among 3 concentrations of metrizoate-labeled gallium 67، the most absorption was shown in concentration 50% (P<0. 05). According to this study، the penetration of gallium 67 into lymphoid cancer cells was not affected by the bonding of metrizoate with gallium 67. Perhaps، it is beneficial to determine the exact location of lymphoid cancer cells. Moreover، the in vivo study is recommended to examine the desired complex performance.

Cell replacement therapy has provided the basis for future clinical applications to treat neurodegenerative diseases، such as motoneuron diseases. Induced functional motoneurons are an option for replacing the lost motoneurons. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an appropriate source of cells for autologous cell therapy with the ability of neural differentiation. In this study we use calcium ion imaging and synaptic vesicle release in order to indicate the functionality of motoneurons from adipose derived stem cells. In the present study، ADSCs were induced to motoneuron-like cells (MNLCs) by SHH and retinoic acid (RA) as inducers. ADSCs markers such as CD90، CD 49d، CD106، CD45، were measured by immunocytochemistry analysis and their multipotency were evaluated by incubation of the ADSCs with adipogenic، chondrogenic، osteogenic induction media. In addition to RT-PCR، immunocytochemistry was utilized in order to approve the expression of islet-1، oligo-2 and HLXB9 in induced MNLCs from ADSCs. To identify the functional MNLCs، a co-culture preparation of MNLCs and myocytes، calcium ion imaging and synaptic vesicle release was used. ADSCs treated with a mixture of preinducer (B27، EGF، and bFGF) and inducers factors (SHH and RA) adopted a morphology similar to motoneuron cells. Immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR approved the treated cells expressed the motoneuron markers islet-1، oligo-2 and HLXB9. The co-cultured with myocytes indicates the formation of neuromuscular connections between MNLCs and myocytes. After two week، MNLCs showed high HLXB9 expression، indicative of full differentiation. Also، the release rate of synaptic vesicles using FM1-43 in the induced MNLCs was approved. Moreover، calcium imaging with fluo-2 results approved that functional excitatory synaptic connections can influence the activity of MNLCs. These results indicate ADSCs can be differentiated to a functional MNLCs phenotype and may be of benefit for treatment of motoneuron diseases.

Emotional schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance and cognitive-affective system have important role in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study was aimed to compare emotional schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance and cognitive-affective system among patients with generalized anxiety disorder، obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy people. In an analytic retrospective study، 38 outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder and 35 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who attended to psychiatric clinic of Ebne-Sina hospital and four private psychiatric centers of Mashhad city and 58 healthy persons among staffs and students of these centers were selected for convenience sampling. Data were collected by the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS)، the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS)، the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS)، Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-revised (ASI-R)، and then were statistically judged by appropriate tests. According to self-schema، all kinds of cognitive-behavioral avoidance، intolerance of uncertainty، pathological worry and anxiety sensitivity، there was significantly difference among three groups (P<0. 001). There wasn’t significantly difference among three groups in terms of other-schema and wasn’t significantly difference between obsessive-compulsive group and healthy persons based upon fear of respiratory symptoms (P>0. 05). In regards to higher negative self-schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance، and deficient cognitive-affective system (intolerance of uncertainty، worry and anxiety sensitivity) in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder than healthy group. Therefore، it is necessity to pay attention for tailored interventions in these specific symptoms of such disorders.

Heart and cardiovascular diseases is considered as a major cause of increased mortality worldwide. Listening to the audio signal of the heart is effectively simple and non-invasive technique to detect the irregularities in heart function so that the correct analysis of it requires specialist knowledge and experience. The purpose of this paper is to design and implement an intelligent system for the isolation and classification of cardiac arrhythmias in the audio signal. We received heart sound signals through the heart sound recorder (PCG) in this system. The database were obtained from 41 informed volunteers and non-intervention form during a one month period from Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Hospital in Sabzevar Vasei which included 15 patients with heart disease (10 males and 5 females with a mean age of 61±5. 7 years) and 26 healthy volunteers (19 males and 7 females with a mean age of 56. 5±8. 7 years) and finally the data were normalized. By testing the samples، 78 normal and 45 abnormal heart sound signals was selected from all subjects. By using adaptive filter، noise and environmental disturbances are extracted from the audio signals in pre-processing step of data. Feature extraction process will do based on cardiac cycles of sound signal in next step by applying the CWT transform on segmented signals and the 32-dimensions matrix of feature vectors will made up using wavelet coefficients component. The final classification of normal and abnormal heart sound signals is accomplished by using multi-layer perceptron neural network and back-propagation (MLP-BP). 70% and 30% of the data were used for training and testing the proposed neural network respectively based on our experiences. The proposed algorithm isolated original signal from noise signal and classified normal and abnormal sound signals at an acceptable level with an average accuracy of 96. 90%±1. 5% and 94%، respectively. This system has the potential for implementation in residential homes for people with different ages due to the reliability of the output of software in correct classification of audio signals and finally a person would be aware of his heart health.