فصلنامه انتظار موعود
سال نهم شماره 30 (پاییز 1388)

This paper tries to answer muslem's fundamental question, specially the educated class, about the number of imams and true successors of the holy prophet(s) from Quran and Sunna, particularly, from the verse: "TRULY, THE NUMBER OF MONTHS ARE FOURTEEN FOR GODAND IN QURAN", by the help of its logical and literal proofs as well as twelve Imam's narrations about the verse. Because, if the number were to be mentioned in the very wordings of Quran, certainely, it would be resulted in distortion and replacement of false names and, consequently, Muslims would conflict devastatingly with one another and worst of all was the result of unreliability of quran. therefore quran indirectly calls Hadhrat Fatima as KAWTHAR (heavenly spring) and Imam Ali (A) as Qamar (Moon). Of course, Quran is an everlasting miracle. It has several kindes of verses: firm and clear verses, analogous ones, homonymies, subtleties, realities and verses with several layers; with this classification, everyone and every muslim, no matter a jurist, a philosopher, or a gnostic, all can be benefited by Quran. In interpreting and paraphrasing, the verse we argue based on Sunny sources to prove the rightfulness of twelvers.

Imam is the heart and soul of the universe and God's reason (Hujjat) on the earth who the universe cannot exist without Him, because He is, the pivotal axis for the cosmo's rotation.The devine presence of Imam is the channel for God's blessings for the mankind and the source of guidance in the world of genesis and canonization. Undoubtedly, the cosmos cannot reach to its perfection without Him. He is that perfect human who the world and its belongings are under His domination, authority, power and subjection. Such a human, in reality, is the major universe (aalam al-kabir). In This paper, it is tried to introduce The Imam and to collate and juxtapose that perfect human with Imam; and it has been also clarified that in the recent era, the holy presence of Hadhrat Baqiyatollah Al-azam (Aj.), is that most complete One who the world is benefited with.

There are so many questions and issues about Hadhrat Mahdi (Aj.) which assessment and analyzing those matters sheds more light on His characteristics, His rising, establishing just global government, and other issues. One of those questions is this one that if He brings a "new book" or a "new religion"? Fortunately, in our narrations, we have some hadiths answering this question and with the help of other hadiths, we will explain the meaning and other aspects of this issue.

In teachings of Islam and Muslim's opinions there are several discussions about an idealistic Islamic system or the utopia in which we can analyse the dimentions of Islamic system of Iran's development concerning Mahdavi utopia model. Ayatollah Javadi Amoli bases the development of Islamic system upon pivotal role of its leader who in the time of occultation is Vilayat Fagih and in the time of Appearance, Imam Mahdi, the most comlete man, who gives legitimacy to it. The role of the managers and managerial indicators considering that utopian pattern is too significant in the growth of the country. According to Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, Islam with respect to cultural, economical and juridical fields possesses instructive and constructive teachings for the progression and evolution of the country by the utopian model.

Argument of Bida is one of the important and extended discussions amongst Shiite doctrines and it has been studied in relation to many other subjects like, His reappearance. Some, with relating this argument to other related discussions like, His advent, found Bida compatible and then discussable with the time and signs of His reappearance, and accordingly, tried to make a connection betveen them. However, it seems that, Bida not only has no connection to the very argument of His reappearance, but also has nor to the time and signs of the His Advent; although the precise assessment of the documents and the content regarding this matter requires more space, in a general survey, we can certify the disconnection between Bida and foresaid discussions.

There is a meaningful link between devine rules or traditions and Mahdavism in ideological, ethical, educational and socio-political dimentions. That is, God the Almighty, has determined His traditions in such a way that there are several conditions or factors in realization, acceleration and facilitation or deferring those traditions; therefore, humankind have a very important role in realization, acceleration or postponing those traditions. So, paving the way and preparing the conditions for realizing God's rules, specially, the ones related to fundamental and important traditions of Mahdism, the rule of truth's triumph over falsity, the rule of domination of righteous people, Islam conquering other religions and the rule that the oppressed will inherit the world, all are the responsibilities of committed waitings for Imam Mahdi's advent. In this research, based on each devine rules and conditions, by taking advantage of several verses and hadiths, some of the responsibilities for waitings like accepting the Vilayat and leadership of Imams and benefiting from those Infalible's hadiths or way of life will be explained.

The thought of Mahdiism in its way toward reaching the goal, may encounter many obstacles among the wavy ocean of the world events. The first main condition to reach the rescue beach is to strengthen the motive force of this discourse and then, to find and remove the probable obstacles. "Motamahidin"(claiming to be Mahdi) and "false claimants" are the notions that are very attractive for people to ponder upon. Some are avid to know why we are faced with such claims in the field of mahdiism throuout the history. With the emergence of such questions, the above-mentioned topic has gained a special importance; but what is important is to make it methodolical and systematic. I.e. analysis of outcomes, and the origins of false claimants, depends on a precise recognition of the factors for their emergence. The writer of this article tries to analyse the underlying causes, accelerating causes and facilitating causes for the emergence of these false claimants and the tendency of people to them.