مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1391)

The purpose of the current research was consideration of the relationship between managers` career self-efficiency and staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction in Kerman province youth and sport general office. Statistical population included 345 managers، staff and youth and sport office of cities and countries managers of Kerman province that because of significance and limited number، in headquarter managers` part 15 persons، in staff and costumers` part based on Morgan table 75 and 150 persons، respectively was chosen randomly for research sample. For access to research purpose Sheerer self-efficacy questionnaire، Allen and Mayer organizational commitment and customer satisfaction self made questionnaire was used. validity of the three questionnaires were confirmed by 15 experts and their reliability were studied in a preliminary study with 30 subjects of experts and calculated as 0. 79، 0. 87، and 0. 85، respectively. Analysis of the collected data done by descriptive approach and inferential statistics methods، including K-S، single sample t-test، linear regression، multi variable regression، and analysis of the route with help of SPSS software. Results of the research showed that managers` self- efficacy have direct relationship with 0. 7 route ratio with staff organizational commitment and also direct relationship with costumers` satisfaction with 0. 53 route ratio. Also staff organizational commitment with 0. 61 route ratio has direct relationship with costumers` satisfaction. Also managers` career self- efficacy indirectly with 0. 96 route ratio and through staff organizational commitment with costumers` satisfaction of youth and sport general office has meaningful relationship.

The purpose of this study was a survey on influences of personal، political، legal and economical climates on ethical decision-making of Iranian premier league soccer players. For this purpose، dilemmas in professional soccer questionnaire (DPSQ) with 28 questions developed by Shajie et al. (2012) and environmental perceptions questionnaire with 23 questions were employed and randomly administered to 162 Iranian premier league soccer players from Rahahan، Naft Tehran، Shahid Sepasi، Foolad Khoozestan، Shahin Booshehr، Sepahan Esfahan، Malavan Anzali، Naft Abadan، Peykan Tehran، Pas Hamedan، Alominium Hormozgan teams. The content validity of instrument was confirmed by experts and the internal consistency of the DPSQ proved in a pilot study. The data were analyzed by employing ANOVA and Path analysis tests. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between environmental perceptions and ethical decision-making of Iranian premier league soccer players. Also despite of political environment، personal، legal and economical climates have effective role on determination of environmental perceptions variance within Iranian premier league soccer players. On the basis of results، environmental situation changes do not influence ethical decision-making of players directly and there are more important factors that have to studies at future surveys.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the neural control of muscle contraction at different levels of muscle contractions. In this study، we hypothesized that motor unit discharge rate act as mechanism to shift low - level muscle force to a higher level. Surface and fine wire intramuscular EMG signals were concurrently recorded from the distal location of the vastus laterlies muscles (%15 distances between superior iliac spin and lateral boarder of the patella) during 5-second contractions at % 4، %16 and %32 of maximal voluntary contraction. Motor unit discharge rate were extracted from intramuscular EMG signals based on cross correlation method، at the beginning of each contraction، and surface EMG signals were used to compute mean power frequency and EMG amplitude during 5-second contractions. One -way ANOVA revealed that high-level muscle contraction resulted in greater motor unit discharge rate than low-level muscle contraction (P <0. 05). Moreover high-level muscle contraction generated larger EMG amplitude and means power frequency than did the low-level contractions. As hypothesized، change in muscle contraction levels can be controlled by motor discharge rate.

The purpose of this study is evaluation of effecting factors implementation of Article 88 of the Financial Regulation Law Office of Youth and Sports in the government of Alborz province in terms of athletic and head of delegation. They were familiar to researching، selected as statistical population. The method used in this study was according to theoretical bases if the study and after gathering preliminary research on factor affecting on Article 88 of the regulation on the part of the government’s fiscal rules for determining the validity of 20 faculty members and Ph. D. students were included. Then exploratory factor was used to determine the validity. Exploratory factor was extracted from the institutional and organizational factors in economic performance، social services and cultural factor sector; NGOs are influenced in the implementation. According to the Friedmen test، respectively institutional and organizational factors are priories (4. 16) performance of social services (4. 09) economic (4. 01) NGOs (3. 84) and cultural (3. 72) were introduced. The successful implementation of this provision appears to require the legal political and cultural ideal should provide assistance and legal aspects of the sport and youth provided by the manager to be on the right track.

Media and communication technologies have been inconceivably developing during the last few decades and influenced all aspects of human life. The Aim of this study is to examine the role of the Internet and new media in sport tourism marketing. Research samples are comprised of the managers and specialists in tourism and travel agencies dealing with sport tourism who work in Tehran Province، Iran. Research tools have been gathered from some parts of the standard questionnaire by Moeinfard (1387) that was used only after being confirmed of its validity and reliability (α: 87). Data from 217 questionnaires returned were analyzed by SPSS V. 21 and Amos V. 21 software and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Based on the results from Exploratory Factor Analysis، two factors were identified: «tourism packages» with an eigenvalue of 0. 76 and «advertising the attractions» with an eigenvalue of 0. 68. Moreover، Confirmatory Factor Analysis identified two variables as the important ones for each of the above factors: «an appropriate and faster usage of data and advertising resources» with a factor loading of 0. 77 under tourism packages factor، and «introducing attractions to sport tourists» with a factor loading of 0. 79 under advertising the attractions factor.

The aim of this research is codification the national motor fitness norm، so this paper reviews the state of motor fitness factors among nationwide test volunteers who to enter payam noor university between years 89 and 90. Some factors such as muscular strength، shoulder girdle and abdomen strength، agility، muscular force and cardio – respiratory endurance were investigated in this study. This test included in two years entrance of university. The statistic population was 2100 persons and 530 subjects were selected as a sample. We use some tools to gather like as physical fitness and general health questionnaires، scales، tape، sit –up test، 4x9 meters and 800 meters run. For data analysis were used chi-square tests، t test،، pearson correlation coefficients. Final result of this study is codification the national motor fitness norm male physical education volunteers. The best indexes in this norm were: the stretch horizontal bars over 25 times، sit- up more than 29 times، 4x9 m run less than 9 seconds and throwing the medicine ball up to 12/7 and the perform of all tests less than 149 seconds. Also the weakest (very poor) indexes in this norm were: the stretch horizontal bars less than 10 times، sit-up less than 10times، 4x9 m run more than 16/02 seconds and throwing the medicine ball bellow 4/28 and the perform of all tests more than 213 seconds. This index can be as scientific criteria for accepting applicants to enter physical education major. Moreover، it can help the physical education planners to classification and even provide the practical reparative course of volunteers.

the purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 8 weeks aerobic، resistance and concurrent training on cholestrol، LDL، HDL and cardiovascular fitness in obesity male. Subject and Forty-eight male were selected as subjects and they divided in to four groups randomly; aerobic training (n=12) resistance training (n=12)، concurrent training (n=12)، control (n=12) groups. The exercise training was performed including aerobic، resistance and concurrent training for eight weeks. Blood sample، was taken in base line، and after 8 weeks exercise training. After 48 hours، vo2peak was measured using by balk test. Data were analyzed using by mean and standard deviation for statistical description، and analysis of on-way Anova test and pair test for inferential analysis of data)P≤0. 05). The result showed 8 weeks of regular exercise significantly decrease levels of cholestrol، and LDL. 8 weeks of regular exercise no significantly of levels HDL. Vo2pmax after 8 weeks of regular exercise had significantly increased. In conclusion، aerobic، resistance and concurrent training for eight in obesity mal can have beneficial effects on somecardiovascular risk factors. HDL response to resistance training is affected by the training intensity Seems to perform concurrent training to implement only esistance or endurance training the higher efficacy on cardiovascular risk factors - vascular.

The purpose of this study was to compare the perspectives of swimming coaches and PE experts in endurance swimming talent identification indexes. The statistic population in this study included Tehran swimming coaches and PE experts with the quantity of 102 and 117. With applying stratified sampling method and Morgan Index، the sample size for coaches became 64 and 74 for the experts. Then The Gaini questionnaire (1382) was applied. This questionnaire was balanced with using the Likrit method. When analyzing the data، the Kelmograph-Smirnoph test was used for consideration of data distribution and for comparing coaches and PE expert’s perspectives; the test of Mann – Whitney U and Qhi Squre do was used. According to the results، among the coaches and PE expert’s perspectives the index of maximum of oxygen consumption، motivation، cadence، buoyancy، resistance against tiredness and tolerating the tensions were the most effective factors for endurance swimming. Also the results show there was significant difference between the perspectives of coaches and PE expert in endurance swimming that include the muscular endurance، resistance tofatigue، cardiorespiratory fitness، lean body mass and vital capacity and surprisingly (P ≤0. 05). suggest that the swimming coaches for finding talents consider the indexes which are offered.

The purpose of this study is investigating effects of four week interval training with Creatine supplementary on peak power، mean power، fatigue index، in femal amateur swimmers. For this، 30 student of Shahid Chamran University (22/10 ± 1/41 years، 57 ± 6/31 kg) were selected and randomly divided in three groups: supplement، placebo and control groups. The subjects in supplementary group ingested 20gr Creatine supplementation per day for 5 day (2×10 gr/day) (loading phase) and then ingested 2gr per day for 25 day (maintenance dose). In placebo group، the subjects ingested the same dose of placebo and the same time. The groups of supplemental and placebo participated in interval training for four week. The control group was not ingested supplement and wasn’t participated in training. For evaluation the peak power، mean power and fatigue index، performed Wingate test was used. All of the subjects performed these tests before and after 4 weak training. Multivariate variance test for analysis of data was used (). The results suggested that 4 week interval training with Creatine supplementary improve، peak power، mean power، fatigue index and sprint performance. Use of creatine supplementation lead to increase of creatine storage in muscle، and improved Phosphasion system functional and then short time and intensify performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one progressive session exercise in day during a week on some enzymes muscle damage in active girls. Back ground: Physical exercise acts as a mechanical stressor that can elicit biochemical alterations. Thus، muscular effort is able to modify blood concentrations of some cellular enzymes such as creatine phospho Kinase (CPK)، lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). 13 girls students of physical education with mean (Vo2 max 41. 07±5. 11ml) was selected and randomly divided an experimental group (1 session of exercise in day، on a treadmill at a rate of 6-8 km/h for 3 min with 1min of active rest between sets until exhaustion، n=7) and control group (n=6). Venous blood samples were obtained for analysis before of exercise (base line) and 1، 4، 7 days during of exercise period، as well as after the 24 hours last progressive session exercise. The result of this study indicated that AST، LDH and CPK were increased significantly higher after 1، 4 and 7 days exercise than at the resting level، but after 24 h of end period، this Diff were significantly lower than at the exercise day. These results suggested that acute exposure to progressive session exercise without adequate recovery could be elevated، and caused a more dramatically increase in muscle damage enzymes.