نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال سوم شماره 1 (زمستان 1392)

Double J catheter has been used for years as an independent practice or a part of other urological practices. Although these catheters have solved many patients’ problems but those can cause symptoms and problems for patients. The aim of this study was the investigation the effect of prazosin and oxybutynin on the degree of symptoms due to using Double J catheter. In this interventional study, patients who underwent TUL from July 2008 to march 2008 in the lithotripsy ward of Imam Reza hospital were entered to the study and randomly divided in 3 groups randomly. In the first group, placebo, in the second group, oxybutynin, in the third group prazosin were prescribed. Three weeks later standard questionnaire Ureteric Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) was completed. After collecting data, was analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 113 patients (70 men; 43 women) were included to the study. The mean age was 39 years. There were no significance difference among urinary symptoms score; pain of body and physical activity problems in three groups (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in general health and work problems among them (P<0.05). Oxybutynin caused a low effect on improvement of general health and work problems in patients who were studied. It might Prazosin does not has a sufficient time to affect on urinary symptoms, because of shortness of usage.

colonized by staphylococcus aureus were reported in more than 50% of psoriatic lesions. Due to role of epidermal barrier dysfunction on colonization and on the other hands staphylococcal super antigen effect on flare up of disease, this study was conducted to evaluate relationship of staphylococcal aureus colonization with severity of psoriasis disease according to PASI Score. In a descriptive analytic study, 42 psoriasis new cases that had not received any topical or systematic medication for disease underwent study. Necessary demographic and clinical data were collected and PASI score for severity of disease according to erythema, infiltration, desquamation and area was calculated. Skin lesions samples were taken by a swab and sent to the laboratory for culture. Data analysis was done by SPSS ver. 13 using T test. lesions of 19 cases (45.2%) were colonized with staphylococcal aureus. Mean of PASI score in positive culture group was 16.07± 3.6 in comparison to negative culture group as 12.43± 3.67 that this difference was significant (P=0.001). There was not any significant difference between duration of disease between positive and negative culture groups (7.11±4.98vs. 6.39±5.25 years). This study showed a significant difference between PASI Score among negative and positive culture groups that this difference may be due to the staphylococcal super antigen effect on psoriasis lesions.

Violence against wives has been one of the things that are of interest to researchers, sociologists and psychologists. In all countries, despite the social and economic and cultural differences between them, Domestic violence occurs by husbands. It encompasses any behavior between them in close relationship. It causes physical, psychological and sexual abuse. Therefore this study is aimed to impact of social factors effective in the incidence of domestic violence in the Tehranian families who are referred to the parks. This study is a descriptive - analytical. The data collection tools are questionnaires. The questionnaires consist of 4 parts: Demographic data, physical, Sexual and psychological violence. Then 224 persons of married women referring to Tehran parks were completed these questionnaires, so data were analyzed by SPPS software (version 16) using descriptive, inferential statistics. 33.6% of women participating in the study have experienced physical violence at least one during the last year, also between variables female age, remarried women, Gender of children, who Have adopted children, income, property, A separate bank account, type of married are significant relationship with violence. Economic problem, low education and type of job connected to Domestic violence. To combat of domestic violence as a global challenge, should be promoted the men's knowledge about women's rights and educated couple before marriage about their right and created an environment and support and counseling services and psychotherapy for individuals who are victims of violence.

Quality of life is a concept beyond the physical health. It is an important index in health research that its independent quantification as an important outcome is essential. Work environment consists of physical, mental and social stimuli and each of these factors can cause stress. These stresses and pressures have inappropriate effects on physical–emotional welfare, health and its function. Therefore, this study was performed on the Faculty of Medicine of Karaj staffs in 1390 to investigate their quality of life and the governing factors. In this descriptive and sectional study, a group of 100 of Faculty of Medicine and of Alborz University of Medical Sciences employees were participated. Sampling was done as census. Data collection was performed by means of the questionnaire of standard of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the questionnaire of demographic information collected. The results show that 51 percent of the employees have reported their quality of life in the average range and 6% in poor range. Furthermore, in the physical aspect of quality of life, 34% of the results are good, 59% moderate and the remaining 7% are poor. Likewise, in the quality of life from psychological aspect, 33% of the results are good, 64 percent moderate, and only 3% are poor. The data for the social relationships aspect are 28% good, 59% moderate, and 13% poor. Finally, in the quality of life from environmental health aspect, 36% of the staffs reported good, 55% moderate, and 9% poor condition. Pearson’s test results show that there is a meaningful correlation between the quality of life and the lower number of children, and also increasing years of service (P=0.00). However, the quality of life does not show any significant relationship with age and income. ANOVA test results indicate that there is a significant relationship between quality of life and the type of employment (P=0.017). Quality of life for the majority of the staffs is average and the factors such as number of children, years of service and earnings; type of employment is affected on quality of life.

Naturally, it is expected that health system services be evidence-based, methods and scientific decision making. There has been a wide gap between the practice-based nursing and research-based nursing evidence in Iran. Therefore, this study is an endeavor to investigate barriers to implement evidence-based care among educational and clinical Staff This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted upon 40 (academic Staff) and 70(clinical staff) in different ward of Namazi Hospital and Academic Staff of Shiraz University of Medical Science who were selected by simple random sampling method. Instrument used for study was demographic questionnaire and questionnaire barriers of lack of implementation Evidence -based care. Data were analyzed using SPSS. From the viewpoints of clinical staff, lack of enough human resources with 87.1%, lack of sufficient awareness about the necessity of evidence-based with 85.5% and From the viewpoints of academic staff lack of enough human resources with 82.5% and lack of trained people how to use research finding in evidence-based care with 77.5% was mentioned as an important obstacle Lack of clinical staff, lack of enough human resources and lack of sufficient awareness was mentioned as an important obstacle, Therefore it is recommended to pay more attention to this subject through holding educational workshops and meetings, and to have more interaction and cooperation with centers which implement evidence-based care and make use of their life experiences according to existing facilities.

Patient safety is one of the indicators of risk management in clinical governance system. Surgical care is one of the most sophisticated medical care in the hospitals. So it is not surprising that nearly half of the adverse events, 66% were related to surgery. Pre-flight aircraft Inspection model is starting point for designing surgical safety checklist that use for audit procedure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the use of surgical safety checklist on surgical patients mortality and complications. This is a prospective descriptive study. This study was conducted in 2012 in the North West of Iran. The population consisted of patients who had undergoing surgery in α university of medical science`s hospital which have surgical department. In this study, 1125 patients underwent surgery within 3 months were studied. Data collection tool was designed based on WHO model and Surgcical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program(SCOAP). Dataanalysis was performed using the SPSS-20 statistical software and logistic regression analysis was used to calculate P values for each comparison. No significant differences between patients in the two periods (before and after) There was. All complications rate reduced from 11 percent to 4 percent after the intervention by checklist (p<0.001). In the all hospitals mortality rate was decreased from 3.44% to 1.3% (p <0.003). Overall rate of surgical site infection and unplanned return to the operating room was reduced (p<0.001 and p<0.046). Many people every year due to lack of safety in hospitals, lose their lives. Despite the risks, such as leaving surgery sets in patient body and wrong surgery is due to lack of proper safety programs during surgery. By using safety checklist in all hospitals mortality rate and complications was reduced but this reduction was extremely in α3 hospital (from 5.2% to 1.48%).

Nitrate is the oxidation state of nitrogen compounds, which is founded in water resources that contaminated by municipal, industrial and agricultural waste water. If nitrate leek in to ground water resources, it can cause health problems. Removal of nitrate from ground water by iron powder in the presence of H2O2 was investigated. Experiments have been done by use of 250 ml of water samples containing 100 mg/L nitrate in various condition. Various parameters such as pH (3, 5, 7, 9), iron dosage (10, 15, 20, 30 g/L), initial H2O2 concentration (5, 10, 15, 20 ml/L) and contact time (10-120 min). Obtained results shows the removal of nitrate was increased by pH reduction, increment of iron mass and contact time. In addition, nitrate reduction was increased by increment of initial H2O2 concentration up to 15 ml/L. High removal was observed at pH=3, iron mass=30 g/L, contact time equal 120 min and H2O2 concentration=15 ml/L. At above condition, upon 98% of nitrate was removed. In summary, this method is simple, low cost and effective for removal of nitrate from ground water and industrial activity.

Regarding the increase in the misuse of anabolic steroids among young athletes particularly bodybuilding and power lifting athletes, this study aims to specify the degree of misuse prevalence anabolic steroid and the awareness of the side effects of such drugs among Karaj bodybuilders. This study is descriptive. All the bodybuilders of Karaj city was the participants of this research. The measurement instrument of this research was a questionnaire that contained 25 questions (7 questions were for background information, 9 questions were for awareness, 4 questions for attitudes about use of such drugs and the left 5 ones were for misuse prevalence) that distributed among 320 bodybuilding athletes of different parts of Karaj. The response rate was 63.75% (240 persons from total 320 persons). At last, the current research output analyzed by the SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis showed that 62.7% of athletes that participated in the research used such drugs. Also, the data analysis showed that there was a meaningful relationship between the sport histories of the involved participants with misuse prevalence (p<0.05). But, there was no significant relationship between sports history and awareness about drugs (p>0.05). In addition to this, data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between misuse prevalence and wrong attitudes about anabolic steroid (p< 0.05). The comparison of the current study results about the misuse of anabolic steroid with a similar research at 1382 showed 140% increase in the misuse of these drugs. This study indicates the high use of anabolic steroids among bodybuilders. According to this, we understand that the bodybuilders in Karaj don’t consult with specialist in this field get wrong information from unprofessional people. This leads the high misuse of such drugs. So, it is recommended to hold the prevention programs and athletes training about the side effects of anabolic steroids.