Advances in Nursing & Midwifery
Volume:23 Issue: 81, 2013

Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common and costly occupational injuries. Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant occupational problem among nurses. The aim of current study was to determine behavioral factors related to musculoskeletal disorders among nurses by using the theory of planned behavior. A cross-sectional study was carried out among nurses in hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2011. A total number of 264 registered nurses with working experience at least one year, and different shifts were included in the study. A reliable and valid questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior and Nordic was used for data gathering. Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS for windows V.16 Independent t-test, chi-square, Mann - Whitney and Pearson correlation tests were used for testing the correlations among variables. The study showed that 47.5% of nurses in the past 12 months and 36.2% during the past 7 days have suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. The most work-related disorders were in the low back and neck. Also statistically significant difference was found between the mean scores of the constructs of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention in nurses with and without musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorder rate still is high in nurses and attention and action is needed to improve nurses’ health. Theory of planned behavior is effective at identifying behavioral and attitudinal factors related to the correct ergonomic principles in the through working position.

Although cesarean section is the preferred mode of delivery for some mothers، the rate of cesarean section deliveries has increased to more than 50 percent in some countries. While the World Health Organization has emphasized، cesarean section be performed only based on the indication. This study will assesses the causes and factors influenced on choosing the delivery method in pregnant women referred to Public Hospitals in Shiraz.

A descriptive design was used to assess factors related to mothers’ decisions about mode of delivery. Using a cluster random sampling method، a total number of 417 Pregnant women admitted to hospitals in Shiraz were included in the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed by Chi-square، and fisher exact test with using SPSS software.

The results showed significant relation among factors Urbanity، Infant health status، Concern about genital injuries، Spouse views and Willingness to cesarean with choice of cesarean (p <0/05).

Due to significant positive attitude of women’s towards the cesarean، rather than normal delivery، it is necessary to inform them about the advantages of normal delivery and health hazard which might cause by Cesarean to the mother and child. The change of women’s Knowledge and attitude about cesarean is needed to avoid further complication.

Back ground and The World Health Organization emphasizes the evaluation of health services to improve quality of care. Because the main purpose of quality measurement is to identify the weaknesses of a program، this study aims to assess the quality of midwifery care provided to women admitted for delivery in selected hospitals of Yazd medical science university. A total number of 100 women randomly selected and were included in a cross-sectional study conducted in Yazd، Iran. Data were collected in the labor and delivery wards of Shaheed Sadoughi and Afshar hospitals، between September 2010 and February 2011. A valid and reliable observation check list was used for data collection. The validity of check list was accessed by content validity and the reliability was approved by computing spearman coefficient (0. 93). The check list included 247 items covered the 26 dimension of care across labor process. Observation was done by a midwife who was not practicing at the study sites، and was especially trained in study method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. The mean age of subjects was 24 / 43 ± 5/4 years. The Number of pregnancies of was 1 to 2، in 64 percent of participants in the study. The results showed that the overall quality of midwifery care provided in different stages of labor، was not desirable. The highest scores of quality was related to midwife- mother communication and perennial repair، and the poorest score was related to vital sign control. it is essential that the authorities plan to control the services provided by staff، Installation and implementation of treatment protocols of ministry of health، informing personnel duties and holding workshops to take steps to eliminate the existing shortcomings. The protocols should be translated into action with an enhanced collaboration among midwives، obstetrics and reproductive health programmers.

Pregnancy is the most stressful event in every woman’s life. Stress during pregnancy، delivery and breastfeeding may contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes and post partum psychological disorders. Social support is the most powerful factor for easy and successful confronting with stressful situations (for instance pregnancy). Increasing of survival and life-quality promotion are the result of social support. This study was conducted to determine the relation between social support،quality of life and stress rate during pregnancy. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in Shahryar hospital among 210 pregnant women who were selected by convenient sampling method. A demographic and obstetrical questionnaire، Vaux social support appraisal scale، WHO quality of life and pregnancy stress questionnaire were used for data collection. Validity of questionnaires was assessed by face، content and construct methods، and reliability was assured by test re- test and conducting Alpha Cronbach’s reliability test. Statistical tests of Spearman and pearson correlation،T-test،One-way ANOVA and Tuckey were used for data analysis by SPSS package (version 19). The mean score of social support، life-quality and stress were 17. 66 and 88 respectively. A significant correlation was found between social support and life-quality. While this relation was not seen between social support and pregnancy stress. Whereas، there was a significant correlation between life-quality and pregnancy stress. With respect to the results، samples enjoy of reasonable social support and life-quality while they suffered from moderate stress. Since social support lead to promotion of life-quality and this event could decrease the pregnant’sstress،it is necessary to design some solutions to increase the pregnant women’s social support.

The birth of a preterm infant is a stressful event for parents. Because of special nature of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment، parents of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit experience higher levels of tension، compared with parents of healthy infants the mother’s physical and psychological condition may negatively influence early and suitable mother–infant relationship، the mother’s participation in her infant care and the infant’s long-term developmental outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) program on participation of mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in NICUs of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Method and material: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 90 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units. COPE mothers received 2 intervention sessions of audiotaped and printed materials with workbook. This program consisted of information and behavioral activities about the appearance and behavioral characteristics of preterm infants and how best to parent them. Duration between sessions was 2 to 4 days. Data were collected by a questionnaire. The participation was evaluated just 2 to 4 days after second phase. The mea score of mothers’ participation in experiment group was 9. 14±0. 84 and 9. 43±1. 06 for the first and second phase of post -test. Mothers in the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment program reported significantly more participation in their infants care (p<0. 001). Discussion and Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment program diminished mothers enhance the amount of mother’s participation. This study showed that early interventions during neonatal hospitalization and educational behavioral information in written form may have positive effect on maternal psychological condition and participation.

Kidney transplant surgery may impact various aspects of the life and results in individual and psychological problems. Receiving a kidney from a cadaver donor is associated with beliefs related to death of donor and with recipient’s survival. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of depression in patients receiving kidney from living donors with cadaveric donor kidney transplant، patients that were referred to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2010.

A descriptive – comparative design was used. The sample of the study consisted of 60 patients receiving kidney from living donors and 60 cadaveric kidney transplantation attended to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire and Beck depression Inventory. The reliability of this test was evaluated with test-retest and Pearson correlation test was 0. 95. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 13).

Depression scores in living kidney transplantation group were 11. 6±5. 7، and in the cadaveric group was 16. 4±9. 4. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between two groups scores of depression (P<0. 005).

The results showed a higher depression scores in kidney transplantation from cadaveric donors. Therefore it is recommended that efforts to detect and treat depression be included in the care of transplant patients before and after the surgery.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of 17’000’000 worldwide deaths annually. If the current trends continue، the number of deaths will increase to 25’000’000 by the year 2020. Lifestyle contributes to many chronic diseases such as coronary heart diseas. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between lifestyle and ischemic heart disease.

This case-control study was carried out in Damavand sevvom sha’ban hospital. The sample of the study consisted of 65 cases (patients suffering from coronary artery disease) and 65 healthy controls. Data were collected by three questionnaires: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)، FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) and physical activity questionnaire. These questionnaires were completed by interviewing the participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

There was a significant correlation between Age، Marital status، Smoking، Physical activity، diet and Mental health and ischemic heart disease.

Insufficient physical activity، high fat and low fiber diet، inappropriate mental status were risk factors and major causes of in heart ischemia incidence.

Violence is a global problem. More than 1. 6 millions of people worldwide lose their lives because of violence every year. Also، many others are injured and suffer from physical، sexual، reproductive and mental problems. 10-69 percent of women experience of physical violence and over 30-50 percent of them experience sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and the factors associated with sexual violence against infertile women attending to infertility centers in Tehran، Iran. In this cross sectional / descriptive study 400 infertile women attending to infertility centers in Tehran were included. The samples of the study were selected by purposive sampling method. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of demographical characteristics of infertile women، demographical characteristics of husband، The questionnaire of sexual violence that has happened in the last 3 months and Questionnaire of general health. To analyze data، descriptive statistics، Spearman test، one way analysis of variance and SPSS 17 software were used. Age of women was 30. 50±6. 16. Prevalance of sexual violence was 47. 3%. Sexual violence was significantly associated with income، unwanted marriage، using drugs and opium and evaluation of total physical health of women and ethnicity، smoking and addiction or drug abuse، mental diseases of the husband and threatened to divorce before treatment، general health status and number of sexual intercourse. (P < 0. 05). One of the main purposes of marriage in developing countries is fertility. Infertile women try many methods of infertility treatment، loneliness and harsh treatment of infertility and sexual and marital problems may be the most important predisposing factor for mental disorders and violence. Factors influence the incidence of violence، smoking، use of drug and physical and mental illnesses. Coping strategies، defining marriage goals، knowledge about infertility treatments، women’s empowerment، intimate relationships can help infertile couples and lessen violence.