مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
سال نهم شماره 5 (آذر و دی 1392)

Bilingual individuals are compelled to control the interference of two languages toperevent the unintended use of the non-target language. It has been shown that in the subcortical level، basal ganglion and the thalamus are involved in controlling the two languages in bilinguals. As the auditory middle latency responses (AMLRs) investigate the thalamocortical routes، this study aimed to compare the AMLRs in early Azeri- Persian bilinguals with Persian monolinguals. This cross sectional descriptiveanalytic and non-intervention study

In this cross-sectional study AMLRs were conducted on 37 early Azari-Persian bilinguals with mean age of 21. 77 and 37 Persian monolingual controls with mean age of 22. 02in two genders. The AMLR test was recorded in two groups،with click stimulus. amplitudes and latencies of the waves compared in twogroups. also،the correlation of the azari language’s application examined with AMLRscomponents in the azari_persian bilinguals.

The average of the Na-Pa amplitude in the Azeri- Persian bilinguals were statistically larger than the Persianmonolinguals just in the right ear (P=0. 04). but this significant different in the Pa-Nb observed in the right (P=0. 01) and left (P=0. 03) ear. There was correlation between usage of Azeri language and Na-Pa (p=0. 01) (r=0. 427) andPa-Nb (p=0. 04) (r=0/348) in the bilinguals.

It appears that auditory middle latency responses in the adults have high stability. in the study the bilinguals that have high level of proficiency in two languages and use the two languagescurrently،have larger amplitude in comparison to monolinguals. so،the bilingualism should be consider in the explanation of the AMLRs results.

In most Asian countries، cupping therapy has been used as a therapeutic method for soft tissue lesions but there is no high quality evidence-based support for its clinical efficacy. Cupping therapy may have an influence on the biomechanical properties of the tissues under treatment. Therefore، the current study was intended to investigate the effects of cupping therapy on some biomechanical properties of the skin such as stiffness and ultimate tensile strength in Wistar rats.

In this experimental study، the convenience non-probability sampling method was used to collect 20 rats (10 rats in experimental group and 10 rats in pure control group) from the animal laboratory of Tehran University''s Anatomy Department. The rats were divided into experimental، experimental control and pure control groups. In the experimental group، the animals'' skins were cupped 10 minutes a day for 12 days. Skin stiffness and its ultimate tensile strength were measured in all groups using a tensiometer. For statistical analyses، paired sample t-test was used to compare the skin of both sides of the experimental animals'' body while the independent sample t-test was adopted to compare between-group scores.

Compared to experimental control (P = 0. 048، P = 0. 029) and pure control (P = 0. 018، P = 0. 008) groups، skin stiffness and skin ultimate tensile strength of the experimental group (cupped group) decreased significantly.

Cupping therapy can result in changes in biomechanical properties of the skin، namely stiffness and ultimate tensile strength reduction.

Back muscles fatigue is one of the risk factors in workplace and throughout daily activities. Under fatigue conditions، loads will be redistributed among active and passive tissues in a non-optimal manner، where a single tissue may become overloaded and thus increasing the risk of injury with minimal loads. Because of the importance of abdominal muscles in producing and maintaining spinal stability in unstable conditions، it was necessary to investigate the response of these muscles in the presence of back muscles fatigue. Since it is not possible to study deep muscles with surface electromyography (EMG) techniques، in this study the function of abdominal muscles after lumbar extensor fatigue was investigated by ultrasound imaging technique.

Fifteen healthy women participated in this experimental study. Abdominal muscles thickness was measured from the lateral abdominal wall (Transverse abdomen (TrA)، Internal oblique abdomen (IO)، External oblique abdomen (EO)) using ultrasound imaging technique before and after the back extensor muscles fatigue protocol in upright standing with and without axial loading equal to 25% of the participants’ body weight. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the main effects of the load and back extensor muscle fatigue on the thickness of the abdominal muscles.

Although، symmetric axial loads equal to 25% of each participant weight had no significant effect on the thickness of abdominal muscles، back extensor muscles fatigue increased IO thickness significantly (P=0. 009).

The results showed that abdominal muscles response changes with back extensor muscles fatigue. By increasing the thickness of abdominal muscle، the stability of the spine could be maintained.