مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 31 (زمستان 1392)

A change in the method of contraception result to changing in women''s protection against pregnancy and they may encountered with unwanted pregnancy، therefore this study performed with aim determine of prevalence rate and effective parameters on switching contraceptive methods in women referred to health centers in the Tabriz. This study was a descriptive - analytical and a kind of cross- sectional that performed on 861 women in the ages of fertility (15-49). The research population was women in the ages of fertility that sampled by systematic random. The data were gathered by the researcher made five-part questionnaire. The value of questionnaire was gauged by content validity and test-re-test reliability (r=0. 86). The questionnaire based on the factors in switching of methods was formed in 5 parts: demographic characteristic، medical and fertility history، side effects of contraceptive methods، dissatisfaction of contraceptive method، and effective factors the choice of a new method or continue the previous method of contraception. Face-to-face interview was used to complete the questionnaire. The data analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics by software of SPSS v. 13. The mean age of women was 31/32 years. The prevalence rate of contraception methods switching was 16. 8 percent. The results showed significant relation between the experience of side effects in hormonal methods (P=0. 01) and condom method (P=0. 001) by switching of the contraceptive methods. The most common side effect was mood changes for hormonal methods، an increased in volume of menstrual blood for IUD method، and vaginal sensitivity for condom method. Also the results showed significant relation between the dissatisfaction of hormonal methods (P<0. 001)، condom method (P<0. 001) and traditional methods (P=0. 01) by switching of the contraceptive methods. The most common dissatisfaction factor was forgetting of consumption for hormonal methods، fear of IUD fending off or having experimentation about it for IUD method، low quality of product result to lack of husband''s desire in use for condom method and fear of fair in contraceptive method or having experimentations about it for traditional methods. Side effects of contraceptive methods and dissatisfaction of methods are the two effective factors in switching of contraceptive methods. In many cases health services providers can hope to long using of contraceptive and the effectiveness of their by providing sufficient education about the side effects، prescribing methods according to limitations and unique characteristics of clients and being of services in form of client-centered.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that need special self-care behaviors until end of life. According to studies، undoing self-care is a main reason for mortality and afflicted to chronic complication in diabetic patients. Purpose of this study was to determine the performance of self-care among diabetic patients in endocrine clinic of Talegane hospital in Tehran in 2011. In this descriptive study 275 type 1 and 2 diabetic patients were selected by convenience sampling. The scales of this study were demographic questionnaire and summary of diabetes self-care activity measure. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics، Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that most of patients had a moderate (37. 8) and weak (34. 9) self-care. The mean score of self-care was 51. 4 and that indicate moderate self-care. The majority of patients were performed self-care in dimension of regular intake of insulin and oral drugs (78. 28) and diet (64. 17). According to findings، more attention should be paid to education and follow up self-care programs by medical services staff such as nursing for improve self-care among diabetics patients.

Training to patient is one of the essential principles in taking care of patient. Nurses have to do their training role، for providing patient satisfaction، increasing gaining in health and reducing recon fining to bed. So this research has done with the aim of examination of Patient`s satisfaction and understanding from received training in hospitals Gonabad university of medical sciences. This is a cross sectional study done on Quota samples (384) the patient on discharge from Gonabad hospitals. Data collected by a questionnaire that they compiled just for this purpose and they were reliable and confidant scientifically. They analyzed by means of SPSS software version 16 and ways of descriptive and analytic statistics at the significant level P<0. 05. The most training function of therapy staff was in pharmaceutical therapy and following therapy after discharging from hospital. The least trainings were about type and quality of diet، prevention of disease and quality of doing religious duties. Also the average and standard deviation of satisfaction from training function of physicians and nurses were 33. 42±6. 04 & 32. 6±5. 37 orderly and this difference was significant statistically (P=0. 001). There were a significant relation between sex and score of satisfaction that women have more satisfaction than men (P=0. 001). Trainings and Patient''s satisfaction regarding these trainings، in all of domains، isn’t suitable. Therefore، greater emphasis on education to patients and their satisfaction particularly in relation to type and quality of diet is necessary. Education about the prognosis and process of the disease and doing religious duties is more recommended.

Maternal adjustment process after giving birth is naturally a challenge، especially in a premature birth with low weight that can make some other problems too. Previously to take care of such infants، traditional methods like Incubator were used، but nowadays Kangaroo Maternal Care (KMC) method has been introduced and this study aims to determine the effectiveness of KMC method of low weigh infants on adaptation of Isfahanian mothers in 2009. The research method was a clinical trial in which pre-test، post -test and a control group were used. Therefore، 60 mothers -20 to 41 years old- were selected by multistage sampling and were randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. Infants of experimental group were exposed to KMC method for 22 days and also control group infants received other caring methods for about 26 days. To collect data and measure the maternal adjustment، Bell Adjustment Questionnaire was used which is confirmed to be reliable and valid. The data were analyzed with statistical method of covariance analysis using SPSS v. 17 software. The mean age of mothers in experimental group was 28. 4 and in control group it was 25. 8. Also the mean birth weight of infants in experimental and control groups were 2. 1 & 2. 13 respectively. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the performance of experimental and control groups in Bell Adjustment Questionnaire، and also between the two groups in health and emotional adjustment scale (P<0. 001). So the mothers of KMC group had a better performance. Although no significant difference was observed in social adjustment scale (P<0. 23)، job compatibility (P<0. 67)، and fitness at home (P<0. 09). According to the results، it can be said that Kangaroo Mother’s Care method increases the adjustment of mothers after giving birth of premature infants. Therefore KMC as a useful caring method is suggested in provision of mental health of mothers and newborn babies with low weight.

The impact of thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia and their associated complications on quality of life is largely unknown. Determining the degree of health impairment as perceived by the patient is essential information needed to recommend suitable therapy. The impact of thalassemia and its complications on the quality of life of these patients and families perspective has been little studied. The aim of this study was to Comparison of quality of life in adolescence with thalassemia and their families. In this descriptive-analytical study، the quality of life of 90 adolescences upper than 18 years with thalassemia who returned to Shafa hospital of Ahwaz in 2007-2008 was studied using a demographic and quality of life questionnaire (SF36). The participants were chosen based on a non-randomized sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and t-test. The mean quality of life in patients was 70. 25±17. 17 and in their parents was 67. 44±16. 59. Significant difference has shown between social activities of two groups (P<0. 012). There was no difference between other points of views. Presented data suggest that thalassemia patients and family members in social functioning، which were most affected، will be the special focus in the interventions.

Unstable angina، ischemic disease is almost the most dangerous، and now more than half of the cases admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit are included. Anxiety is usually high in these patients، leading to worsening disease. To compare two methods of surface relaxation and massage strokes behind the anxiety level of hospitalized patients with unstable angina was part CCU. This study is a clinical trial of Imam Khomeini (ra) was Poldokhtar 1391، 114 patients with unstable angina based on inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into three groups Tessellation method of intervention (both groups and control group) were assigned. collect data in this study included demographic characteristic and the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory. intervention group، Massage S. S. B. M And the relaxation times in the first 2 days of hospitalization each day for 10 min and 20 min، respectively، at 8-6، was carried out. In the control group there was no intervention. Levels of anxiety before and immediately after the intervention (massage، relaxation) and the control group were measured and recorded at the same time. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and statistical parameters such as mean، standard deviation and range and interpretation of statistics (analysis)، such as analysis of covariance، Anu Wa and Tukey test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the average level of anxiety before and after the massage strokes back (P<0. 001)، there was no significant difference. The mean anxiety before and after relaxation (P<0. 001)، there was also a significant difference. The mean difference between anxiety and vital signs before and after the two groups was significant (P<0. 001). Masazhastrvk surface behind Benson relaxation in reducing anxiety in patients with unstable angina and the effect of massage strokes behind the surface، most of the Benson Relaxation. The results indicate the effectiveness of the surface Masazhastrvk and relaxation in reducing anxiety in patients with unstable angina، respectively. Masazhastrvk impact surface was further back than Benson relaxation. According to the results of two methods of anxiety management practices accepted as a simple and reliable learning can be used by nurses.

Dialysis therapy and its side effect is a major health problem yet. Dialysis can''t cause patients survival alone and along with that، patient should adhere to therapy regimen and following up of that by health provider is essential. High self efficacy leads to high adherence and reduce mental and physical wellbeing. The aim of this study is assessment the effect of SMS follow up on self efficacy of dialysis patients. This study is a clinical. 70 dialysis patients were randomly assigned to two groups (training and training with follow up). Both groups were given training in person with the disease in through two sessions and for the follow-up group after training were sent text messages 6 times a week for 6 weeks. Using a check list، the self efficacy of patients was measured before and after training and after 6 weeks in both groups. Demographic data and patient satisfaction rates were evaluated using a questionnaire. In order to face validity، reference text books and reliable and valid literature were reviewed. Alpha cronbakh 79% was determined for reliability. Data in the two groups was analyzed using t test and chi-square (SPSS v. 20). The mean self efficacy score in comparison of before and after 2 weeks of training with the training group (P=0. 000) and follow-up group (P=0. 000)، there was a significant difference. There was significant difference in Mean self efficacy score differences between before and after 6 weeks of training in the training group (1. 88±9. 43) and in follow-up group (6. 62±9. 5). Training with follow-up through text messages in hemodialysis patients could possibly be effective in reducing the problems of patients with self efficacy. The cost-effectiveness of this method is recommended to follow hemodialysis patients.

Clinical learning environment have an important role in clinical learning of nursing students. Any differences between expected and actual clinical learning environment of nursing student result in reduce the interest of nursing students to clinical environment and decrease their clinical performance. The aim was to comparison the perception of nursing students regarding expected and actual clinical learning environment in medical-surgical wards. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional and conducted in first semester of 2009-2010 educational years. In this study 217 baccalaureate nursing student from Iran nursing & midwifery faculty participated. The researcher appeared in the student’s clinical learning placement at last day، and after produce necessary information about purpose of study، both of versions of questionnaire give to students contemporaneously، and collected after completion. For data collection، clinical learning environment inventory was used that contain 42 item in six areas. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistic. The paired t test showed that there were statistical differences between actual and expected perception on nursing students regarding clinical learning environment. The results of this study showed، nursing students haven’t positive perception of the clinical learning environment and their perception of actual clinical learning environment to differ from expected clinical learning environment.