فهرست مطالب

Tanaffos Respiration Journal
Volume:12 Issue: 4, Autumn 2013

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/12/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 11
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  • Esmaeil Mortaz, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Soheila Matroodi, Atefeh Abedini, Arda Kiani, Dina Soroush, Ian M. Adcock* Pages 6-9
  • Majid Mirsadraee*, Amir Asna-Ashari, Davood Attaran, Saeed Naghibi, Saeed Mirsadraee Pages 10-18
    Background
    This study aimed to identify the most important new radiological presentations of anthracosis and anthracofibrosis and evaluate the risk ratio for accurate diagnosis of these conditions using computed tomography instead of bronchoscopy.
    Materials And Methods
    This prospective, case-control study evaluated three groups of 70 patients with a bronchoscopic diagnosis of simple anthracosis and anthracofibrosis and 40 patients with a non-anthracotic diagnosis (control group). Bronchoscopy, chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) (parenchymal and mediastinal windows) were reviewed. Special attention was given to mass lesions, calcified lymph nodes, bronchi and bronchial stenosis.
    Results
    Abnormal chest x-rays were observed in 93% of patients with bronchial anthracofibrosis; patchy consolidation was the most prevalent finding. The most significant CT finding was lymph node calcification (80%, odds ratio = 22.9), followed by bronchial calcification and bronchial stenosis (odds ratio = 6 and 2.91, respectively). Other significant findings were mass-like lesions (14%) and collapse (20%). CT findings were unremarkable in less than 1/6 of subjects.
    Conclusion
    Lymph node and bronchial calcification can serve as accurate signs in diagnosing anthracosis of the lung. In addition, mass lesions, collapse and infiltration may be associated with a benign course.
    Keywords: Anthracosis, Anthracofibrosis, Computed tomography, Radiology, Calcification
  • Seyed Ali-Javad Mousavi, Vida Mohammadzadeh*, Elham Loni Pages 19-22
    Background
    This descriptive study aimed to determine the serum level of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in patients with severe asthma.
    Materials And Methods
    The serum level of AAT was determined in 43 patients with severe asthma. Pulmonary function tests were performed and data were analyzed by SPPS version 19 software.
    Result
    The mean age of patients was 41±13.8 years (range 14 to 78 years). The AAT level was within the normal range (90–200 mg/dl) in 38 patients (88.4%) and less than normal in 2 patients (4.7%).
    Conclusion
    No association was observed between the serum level of AAT and lung function in severe persistent asthmatic patients. The prevalence of AAT deficiency was low in patients with severe persistent asthma. These results must be confirmed by further longitudinal investigations using larger cohort studies.
    Keywords: Severe asthma, Alpha, 1 antitrypsin
  • Zeinab Ghaempanah, Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi*, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Masoud Movahedi, Anoshiravan Kazemnejad, Zahra Pourpak, Mostafa Moin Pages 23-27
    Background
    Asthma like other chronic diseases is a stressful condition not only for children but also for their parents. Caring for a child with asthma combines the demands of parenting with the emotional and physical burdens of the child’s chronic illness. Some studies have assessed the relations between parental mental health and asthma severity in children. This study aims to evaluate the mental health of mothers of asthmatic children and associations between maternal mental health and childhood levels of asthma control.
    Materials And Methods
    Eighty mothers with asthmatic children aged 7-12 yrs. completed a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ.28) containing questions about somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and severe depression. Level of asthma control in children was classified as “well controlled”,” partly controlled” and “uncontrolled” by an asthma specialist.
    Results
    The results showed that mothers of asthmatic children reported the depression symptoms significantly more than the community cut-off point (p<0.001); also GHQ scores were not significantly different in three levels of asthma control in children (i.e. well controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled).The results revealed that caring for a child with asthma had an impact on the mother''s mental health and depression was prevalent among mothers of asthmatic children. In addition, improving asthma control level did not promote maternal mental health.
    Conclusion
    Inclusion of mental health and quality of life of parents in the classification of pediatric asthma control may be helpful. Our findings suggest that the physician''s awareness of maternal depression and the presence of a psychotherapist for diagnosing and treating depression in mothers of children with asthma may be important for guiding effective interventions.
    Keywords: Mental health, Mother, Level of asthma control
  • Munawar Hussain Soomro*, Ejaz Qadeer, Odd M., Oslash, Rkve Pages 28-34
    Background
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious, airborne disease and remains a major global public health hazard. TB is a major cause of mortality and is affecting millions of people in low-income and middle-income countries. Worldwide, one person out of three is infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment are the two key factors for better outcomes. Non-adherence to TB treatment is an important barrier for TB control programs. This study was designed to understand the barriers encountered by TB patients when seeking health care.
    Materials And Methods
    A qualitative study was conducted during the months of August and December 2010 on 15 health facilities. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 TB patients (13 males and 10 females) aged 15-65 years. In addition, 15 health personnel were also interviewed.
    Results
    Most patients were found to be well informed about the idea of taking TB medications under direct supervision and its overall importance. However, many of them were not convinced with either drugs or treatment protocols. We found that limited knowledge of patients, loss of employment, financial burden, social stigma and long distance from health facility were the main barriers for TB adherence.
    Conclusion
    More patient-centred interventions and attention to the barriers are required to improve the treatment adherence. Direct observation of patients and regular home visits by health workers can reduce the risk of nonadherence.
    Keywords: Tuberculosis, Qualitative study, Delay, Stigma, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Mahmood Moosazadeh, Narges Khanjani*, Abbas Bahrampour Pages 35-41
    Background
    Determining the temporal variations and seasonal pattern of diseases and forecasting their incidence can help in promoting disease control and management programs. This study was performed to determine the seasonal variation of tuberculosis and forecast its incidence until the year 2015 in one of the northern provinces of Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    A longitudinal time series study was conducted. The study interval was from March 2001 to March 2011. The sum of daily registered cases in each month created 132 time points. The Box-Jenkins methods were used for determining the model. The best model was selected by analyzing the residuals and calculating the AIC and BIC.
    Results
    A total of 3,313 patients were diagnosed and recorded during this time. The highest number of cases was registered in May and the difference in monthly incidence of tuberculosis was significant (P=0.007). The incidence of tuberculosis was higher in spring and summer than winter (P=0.04). According to the best model which was SARIMA (0, 1, 1)(0, 1, 1)12, the average incidence of tuberculosis in 2015 is estimated to be 12 in 100,000 persons per year.
    Conclusion
    The results of this study showed that in the north of Iran the incidence of tuberculosis has a cyclic pattern and the maximum incidence is in spring (May). Also, the trend of tuberculosis incidence is increasing and needs attention.
    Keywords: Tuberculosis, Seasonality, Forecasting, Temporal variation
  • Nasrin Aminian, Taher Roshandel Arbatani, Datis Khajeheian, Mahdi Zangi, Mohammad Behgam Shadmehr Pages 42-47
    Background
    Lung cancer is the most common cause of death due to malignancy. The media as a source of information about cancer especially lung cancer could make substantial contribution to help physicians and patients in terms of prevention, treatment and follow up. This study aimed to obtain in depth understanding of the role of media in the context of clinical knowledge and recognize its effect on behavior of patients.
    Materials And Methods
    Using lung cancer patients’ records admitted to Masih Daneshvari Hospital, we conducted a structured interview with them via telephone to collect information. The transcript of interviews was prepared. The transcript was then coded and analyzed using MaxQDA based on “theme method”. Due to the structured basis of the study, the primary frameworks were considered as conceptual categories in coding.
    Results
    The majority of lung cancer patients did not receive any information before the awareness about their disease unless having a family with a history of cancer. Following awareness of disease, they mostly received their information from physicians. In spite of the large amount of medical information available in the media, insufficient use of media by cancer patients indicated the absence of appropriate communication between the media and patients. Television was the mass media commonly used by patients and as a result of no access to Internet and medical books as well as lack of proficiency in English language they were deprived of specialized resources of information.
    Conclusion
    Mass media should focus on raising awareness about prevention and treatment of lung cancer. This study can be a preliminary step in health communication research and may be used by researchers in terms of methodology and vision.
    Keywords: Media, Lung Cancer, Information, Awareness
  • Hasan Allah Sadeghi* Pages 48-52
    Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is rare. It is characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous materials in the alveoli. Typical appearance of BAL fluid (BALF) and positive PAS staining of BALF in conjunction with typical clinical and radiographic manifestations may be diagnostic of PAP. The current mainstay of treatment for PAP is whole-lung lavage. Therapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor is also an option. An alternative procedure is selective lobar/segmental lavage by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).Whole lung lavage with FOB for idiopathic PAP is currently a safe procedure in an experienced setting, and could be considered in patients with less severe lung involvement who cannot tolerate general anesthesia for the whole lung lavage. It provides long-lasting benefits. We report here our experiences with segmental lung lavage by FOB in a patient with vary severe PAP since she could not undergo whole long lavage under general anesthesia. The one year follow up results are also reported.
    Keywords: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Segmental lung lavage
  • Ebrahim Razi*, Abdolhossein Davoodabadi, Armin Razi Pages 53-57
    Spontaneous esophageal perforation or Boerhaave''s syndrome is an uncommon condition that may occur following forceful vomiting and lead to mediastinitis. It is associated with high mortality and morbidity in absence of therapy. We present a case of spontaneous esophageal perforation in a 63 year-old man who developed a right-sided effusion, an unusual presentation. This case report and the relevant literature reveal that delay in prompt surgical repair is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.
    Keywords: Esophageal perforation, Mediastinitis, Pleural effusion
  • Payam Mehrian, Soheila Khalilzadeh, Maryam Hassanzad*, Zeinab Hasani, Sabereh Tashayoie Nejad, Ali Akbar Velayati Pages 58-60
    Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare infiltrative pulmonary disease characterized by deposition of microliths in the alveoli. In this case report, we present a case of a 5 year-old girl with complaints of common cold and loss of appetite. Chest radiograph showed innumerable small, dense nodules, diffusely involving both lungs. High-resolution CT scan illustrated widespread micronodular infiltration, diffuse ground-glass attenuation areas predominantly in upper anterior regions and septal thickening. Trans-bronchial biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.
    Keywords: Microlithiasis, Pulmonary, Pediatric
  • Payam Tabarsi, Amir Yousefzadeh, Atosa Dorudinia, Majid Marjani, Afshin Moniri, Seyed Alireza Nadji, Parvaneh Baghaei, Sayena Jabbedari, Davood Mansouri Page 61