نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 12 (تابستان 1392)

The History of literature classification based on the structure, content and emergence of a new branch of literature science, called "literary genres", goes back to Aristo and Horas era. In old literature theorizing, the emphasis is on the immutability of the characteristics of different literary genres. However, in new theorizing of literary genres, the belief is that different literary genres can be merged, changed or affect each other. Therefore, literary history basically means history of changing literary genres. An example is "Epic" which itself was changed over time while it affected the content and style of other genres. Epic elements can be found in Persian lyrics which appeared after epics. In other words, heroic epics have changed to romance epics which are more relevant society. But nonetheless one cannot ignore the old origins of lyrics. In this article we look for the epic elements, such as narration, magic, dream and etc. in romantic poems of "Gol o Norouz".

Persian contemporary poetry has been broadly influenced by classic and particularly Khurasani school and dialect's diction and style. Shafiee kadkani is one of the salient well-tasted and brilliant poets who has benefited from Khurasani diction and style to enrich his poetry. He has been benefited from Khurasani to create new talents and horizons for contemporary and future poetry and poets and preserve pure genuine and unique Persian terms and diction. Employing library references and sources, this paper examined shafiee spoetry by particular reference to diction and style. Taking advantage and profiting from subtle, intact, elegant diction, terms and literary style of Khurasani, shafiee consciously and intelligently created a wise connection between Khurasani style and Nimaei. He has revived genuine and pure Persian diction and terminology and has opened new intact horizons and a right path for next generations poet and writers.

The realism is one of the most essential artistic schools that appeared in the middle of nineteenth century in France and developed rapidly. The avoidance of romantic imagination and inspiration and paying attention to the reality of external world was the most essential elements of this school which drew the poets, authors and artists to itself. Together with the constitutionalists movements in Iran, the poets and authors paid attention to degeneration and retardation of the country. The age of constitution should be regarded as the important time when the Persian poetry enters into the area of people's life and the problems of society. Among the poets, Abolghaasem-e-Laahuti, by intense tendency to the left wing, pays attention to the country`s conditions. In this article the authors attempt to see to what extent realism is reflected in laahuti's poems and if he can be considered as one of the followers of this school. In this paper the principles of realism are expounded and Laahuti's poems are analyzed in light of these principles. This paper proves Laahuti's adherence to social realism.

Since myth and symbol play a significant role in revealing the individual and societal evolutions, this paper is an attempt to survey the functions of myth and symbol in the works of Aminpour and to analyze them from a discourse analytic perspective. Myths are the realization of human social experiences and they can be the mouthpiece of the audience's social conditions and also help them understand the world in which they are living. Based on his literary strength and poetic versatility, Aminpour has attempted to render an artistic re-creation of myth and symbols in light of the status quo. This paper investigates myth and symbol from a discourse analytic perspective in Aminpour's poetry. It seems as if the major impetus for the realization of myth and symbol in his poetry is social and political forces. The myth and symbol element in his works is the reason why lay people are attracted to his poems.

Story is an important part of contemporary literature. Fictional literature includes works which have an imaginative nature and at the same time they are connected with the real world in a meaningful way. Bozorg Alavi is a salient contemporary story writer who has introduced many valuable works in short stories and novels. In the stories he has reflected the social issues of his time. Patriarchy and its gradual decline in Iranian society is one the issues, which is very conspicuous in his earlier works. This issue has lost its glamour in the later works of his mostly due to the fact that the society has been moving toward modernity. This article attempts to investigate this issue in his works.

One of the stylists and effective writers in contemporary fiction writing in Iran is Sadiq Chubak. The "Sange Sabur (The Patient Stone)" novel, his last and most famous work, is of special importance both in its fictional and linguistic structure and because it is considered one of the first polyphony novels influenced by the twentieth century American writers specially "The Sound and the Fury" and "As I Lay Dying" novels by William Faulkner. On the other hand, colloquialism is applied for the first time as the writing style throughout the whole novel. This article is aimed at a complete study of this book from structural and stylistics point of view, and to answer what the most important narrative structures and stylistic aspects in this book are, and how they are related to each other. The data is provided using desk studies and induction based on description-analysis method. Research findings indicated that there is a complete coherence and unity between fictional structure and style, and both are employed to convey the writer's intended theme.

As Molavi said himself, he composes most parts of Masnavi-e-Manavi when he was out of spirit, as a result of his superego is dictation. And this condition that carry as a best moment of a Gnostic is life, meaning depends on music and word genuineness based on music and words. And Molavi uses different styles for originating to words and foregrounding language elements and more emotive effect as a result. One of interesting items in Masnavi-e-Manavi is verb and foregrounding styles of verbs that Molavi produce it in different forms such as inflexion and syntax changing, elimination, impression from people is speech and accent. The artistic styles from different aspects are applicable to recommendation of aesthetic critics of formalists. Since, most of the time Masnavi-e-Manavi does it critics based on new literary criticism up to now, and also even if formalism is a new event that has been appeared at the beginning of 20th century in Russia but at the years, some rhetoric scientist attach to word and form more than meaning. So writer in this letter wants to explain artistic aspects of verb in Masnavi-e-Manavi in formalism opinion.