فصلنامه سالمند
پیاپی 31 (زمستان 1392)

To investigate association between Polypharmacy and socio-demographic factors between the elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF) In a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study، 237 (134female) elderly residents of KCF، aged 60 and more، included trough randomized cluster sampling، were studied for the number of medication used and the association between polypharmacy (concurrent use of 5 or more medications) and socio-demographic factors، including age، sex، education، and smoking. The mean number of medications used by any resident and the prevalence of polypharmacy were 5. 1 (±3. 22) and 52. 3% respectively. Compared with the 60-69 age group، the odds of polypharmacy، insignificantly increased in 70-79 age group (OR=1. 09، 95%CI 0. 53-2. 25) and decreased in 80 and more age group (OR=0. 68، 95%CI0. 37-1. 24). The Prevalence and odds of polypharmacy were insignificantly lower in men (OR=0. 68، 95%CI0. 37-1. 24) and significantly lower in smokers (OR=0. 36، 95%CI 0. 17-0. 79). There was a direct significant association between polypharmacy and years of official education (OR=1. 09، 95%CI 1. 01-1. 18). The mean number of medication used and the prevalence of polypharmacy were high in KCF. Increase in years of official education and non-smoking were risk factors of polypharmacy in this population. There was no significant association between age and sex with polypharmacy. Suggestions: Future well-designed national studies among older people living in nursing homes are highly suggested.

Many countries are faced with the growing population of the elderly each year and so designing an appropriate system for monitoring of various elderly states is necessity. Every year thousands of the elderly suffer serious damages such as articular fractures، broken bones and even death due to their fall Methods & Materials: In this paper، based on the analysis of images taken from the elderly’s movement، an efficient system has been proposed that، in the first phase، simulates the movement of the elderly by detecting their abnormal walking. The، by combining several important features، including an estimate of body angle، representation of the motion and estimate of the magnitude and direction of movement، the speed of the falling is calculated. This system has been implemented on a set of 57،425 video frames received from the elderly residing in Farzanegan Health Care Center in Mashhad and the video sequences containing the actual occurrence the of falling. All the sequences were randomly converted into four Movie categories with these details: AVI format، 120×160 pixels resolution and 15 fps. Simulation of algorithm distinguishes the proposed system from similar ones، particularly due to its intelligent monitoring and its real time detection of the elderly’s fall. The average accuracy (AAC)، detection rate (DR) and insignificant false alarm rate (FAR) are 94%، 92. 91% and 5. 52% respectively in acceptable level. The 92% sensitivity and 94. 47% specificity indicate the ability of the system in identifying the incidents similar to the fall. Many advantages such as high speed in data processing، unique accuracy and sensitivity and time parsimony make a system has particular performance and implementation of it due to intelligent monitoring and Real-Time tracking of seniors in Health Care Center and houses.

Introduction and On the one hand، increasingly growth of the elderly population and on the other hand، social – economic changes، personal and family lifestyles have caused increased number of the elderly protecting centers. The aim of the present survey is to compare fear of death among the elderly settled in elderly home and inhabited in city houses of Isfahan. This study is a analytic – cross sectional study and stasistical population are all of the elderly over 60 years inhabited in 14 – fold zones of Isfahan and the ones settled in Sadeghieh elderly home. Participants in this survey were 300 elderly people that 102 people settled in the elderly home (31 males and 71 females) and 198 people inhabited in the community (97 males and 101 females). The elderly inhabited in the community were selected through cluster sampling method and the ones settled in the elderly home through available sampling method and evaluated through questionnaire of Collett-Lester Fear of Death. In order to analyze collected data، parametric statistical methods of K – Square test and independent –T have been used. The finding of this survey showed that fear of death total score mean was 70. 5 ± 15. 5 in the elderly group inhabited in houses that significantly was more than that the elderly group settled in the elderly home (p= 0. 001). Disscusion and The results of this survey showed that fear of death in the elderly group settled in city houses is higher than elderly settled in elderly’s home. It is necessary that the authorities pay more attention to the sanitary systems in all levels، evaluate the causes and، try to get the aids of the relevant organizations in order to Reduced fear of death of elderly people.

ABSTRACT Due to the increasing elderly population in the country، this study was conducted to determine the level of disability and associated factors، in order to plan for the prevention of disability and reduce the effects of aging. This study was conducted through cross-sectional، descriptive analysis and cluster sampling method among 300 patients aged 60 years and older in 8 districts of 14 urban areas of Esfahan. The Data was collected through face to face interviews at eldery people''s home. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisted of two parts: The first section contained demographic، socioeconomic، disease and the needs of the studied population; and the second part WHODAS (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) standard questionnaire، from the World Health Organization resources. The data were analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics. The mean age of the total study population was 71. 4 years old، and the median age was 70 years. Among the studied population 15. 7 had no disability and most of them (33. 3%) were suffering from low levels of disability. The highest rate of people without disabilities - regardless of employed people - reffered to cope and live with other people (%63. 3). However، the highest rate of severe disability was related to the mobility and doing the daily duties (25. 3%). Disability scores increased with age)r=0. 4 (and decreased significiantly with income enhancement (r=-0. 3). Moreover، women، widows، those who were living with people other than family، illiteracy and workers had significantly more disability. Considering disorders and diseases، musculoskeletal disorders، urinary and fecal incontinence، speech disorder، brain stroke، ataxia، alzheimer''s، parkinson''s disease، cognitive and memory disorders were more severe disabilities. So that the mean disability score (out of 100) in patients with the musculoskeletal diseases was approximately 2. 7 times، alzheimer''s 2. 6 times، parkinson''s 2. 7 times، and for urinary and fecal incontinence، speech disorder، brain stroke، cognitive and memory disorders 2 times more. Considering age as an effective factor of disability، it is necessary to contrive ways to postpone disability to older ages and provide rehabilitation services to preserve the independence and improve the performance of elderly especially older women. According to the results of this study، it seems that the most major diseases which cause disability in elderly people are musculoskeletal disorders and depression. Considering this results، it is necessary to provide early diagnosis، treatment and rehabilitation facilities for elderly.

Due to increased growth rates of diabetes and aging in the country subject of this research was comparison of problem areas in diabetes between diabetic elderly residents of Nursing Home with living in home. This study is a descriptive - analytical research and among diabetic elderly nursing home residents and elderly living in home in Tehran Who 93 persons from each groups were randomly selected. PAID questionnaire used for this study (α=0. 94)، (validity=0/88) and statistical analysis T test، Kolmograph and Anova was performed with SPSS 16 software. The testing show a significant difference in Psychological distress in relation to diabetes management and depression-related domains. Nursing home residents in these two areas show better results (p<0. 01). Both groups show better scores in men. Increasing the quality of life in diabetic elder people، need indicated medical aspects and other aspects that associated with the disease. For example improving the emotional status in nursing home residents and caring in home residents، is important.

The aim of this study to sleep quality and general health among the Elderly Residing at Home and at Old People''s Homes. The subjects were 100 old people from Tabriz city 50 residing at home and 50 at old people''s homes. The subjects Elderly Residing at Home and at Old People''s Homes were selected through availability non-random method. In order to collect data، General Health and sleep quality Questionnaire was used. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze data. Findings showed that there were significant difference between nursing home residents and elderly residents in nursing homes In terms of general health and its components (Physical symptoms، anxiety، social dysfunction and depression) and Sleep quality and its components (Subjective quality of sleep، time for sleep، total sleep time، sleep efficiency، routine، sleep disorders، sleep medications and daily dysfunction) in both groups. indicate that elderly residents in nursing home are experiencing more symptoms of anxiety، depression، physical symptoms and social dysfunction Compared with the elderly whom resident at home. Also the results showed that the elderly residents of nursing homes have poor sleep quality than ones whom residents at home. On the other hand Future development of elderly care institution is inevitable. Therefore، more attention to the living conditions of elderly residents of institutions seems necessary.

Relative and absolute reliability are psychometric properties of the test that many clinical decisions are based on them. In many cases، only relative reliability takes into consideration while the absolute reliability is also very important. 11 community-dwelling older adults 65 years and older aged (69. 64±3. 585) and 20 healthy young in the age range 20 to 35 years (28. 80±4. 15) using three versions of Timed Up and Go test were evaluated twice with an interval of 2 to 5 days. Generally، the non- homogeneity of the study population was stratified to increase the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC); this coefficient in elderly people is greater than young people and with a secondary task is reduced. In This study، absolute reliability indices using different data sources and equations lead to in more or less similar results. At general، in test –retest situations، the elderly more than the young people must be changed to be interpreted as a real change، not random. The random error contribution is slightly greater in elderly than young and with a secondary task is increased. It seems، heterogeneity leads to moderation in absolute reliability indices. In relative reliability studies، researchers and clinicians should pay attention to factors such as homogeneity of population and etc. As well as، absolute reliability beside relative reliability is needed and necessary in clinical decision making.

The efficiency of happiness training to increase the hope in elderly people. Sara firozehmoghadam * (MA)، Ahmad Borjali (Ph. D)، Faramarz Sohrabi (Ph. D) Abstract: Goal: This research was performed with the purpose of determining the efficiency of happiness training to increase the hope in elderly people. Methods & materials: The present research is of the applied، pre/post test semi-experimental research with unequal control group. In this research، 24 of the elderly people having the entering conditions were selected by using available sampling method among the elderly people resident in Mashhad’s elderly people house being put equally in two groups of experiment and control. Finally the results of 20 of them were studied due to drop out of subjects. Snyder hope questionnaire (1991) was used in order to gather the data. After performing the pre-test، the happiness training program was done in 10 group sessions for the experimental group. At the end of training، post test for two groups and in the follow- up stage the hope test was repeated for the experimental group. Covariance analysis and t paired were used in order to analyse the results. The analysis of the result of the covariance indicated the meaningfulness of the relationship between the hope dependent variable and the independent variable on the level of P<0. 05. The evaluation of the moderated averages of the hope variable in the control and experimental groups showed the orientation of the relationship. The comparison of the scores in the experimental group in the post-test stage with the follow-up stage via t paired test showed no difference in the variables of hope. finding suggest that skills of happiness increase hope and the effect of happiness training on the hope was consistent in the follow-up stage.