مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 21 (بهمن و اسفند 1392)

The aim of this study was comparative investigation of sport volunteerism system in selected countries and Iran''s. So to this end، competitive research method of George Brudi was used. Countries which were verified in the competitive section of the study were England، Australia، News land، Canada and Scotland. Continues activities and suitable organizing was the reasons of selecting these countries. Data gathered from official websites، handbooks، guidance books and national standards of selected countries. Also، Iran''s sport volunteer situation found through qualitative interviews with experts in this area. Statistic population of this part was academic and practical experts in sport volunteering area. Statistic sample included 12 experts which were selected through «snowball» method. Findings showed great methods were being used in the sport volunteering of selected countries which were categorized in 4 parts; organizational، managerial، cultural and academia. Also، Iran''s sport volunteering verification showed great weaknesses especially in the massive level. So to using these huge forces there should be national willing to attract maintain and working with volunteers in sport.

The purpose of the present study was to survey stressors among Iranian professional soccer coaches. The samples were selected from soccer coaches in A league and B league (N=92). The statistical samples were chosen equal to the statistical society while 72 coaches participated in the survey (% 79). Self- management stressor questionnaire in professional soccer coaches conducted according to survey of literature and six factors were recognized based on exploratory factor analysis. For analysis of data، ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test، independent T test، and Pearson correlation at level of p≤ 0. 05 were used. The results indicated that financial، organizational - managerial، team cohesion، authority and decision making، time urgency، and technical - competitive factors had more effect on coaches’ stress respectively. In summary، the priority of financial، organizational and managerial stressors in coaches shows that structural issues need more attention than technical and psychological factors.

During the past years، the amount of organizations'' concerns about corporate entrepreneurship has been increased due to social، cultural and competitive pressures. One of the most inexpensive tools for developing a corporation is entrepreneurship. Corporate structure is an important factor for promoting corporate output and since entrepreneurship activities are mainly founded based on the organization entrepreneurial. This research was conducted to provide a desired pattern based on the relation between Corporate structure and the Dimensions of Entrepreneurial orintation corporate in Physical Education Organization. The foresighted variables of this study were Corporate organization and the proof variables of the dimensions of corporate orientation entrepreneurship including (Risk – Taking، Competitive Aggressiveness،، Autonomy،Innovativeness، Proactiveness). Besides the above mentioned variables، adjusting variables of population features were also considered. Statistical samples of this research were 202 managers and staff of Physical Education Organization. Research instruments included two questionnaires for Corporate structure Entrepreneurial orintation corporate. Kronbakh alpha was used for estimating internal dynamism and factor analysis applied for Reliability (0. 95 & 0. 99) of tools. For analyzing data results، the statistical methods of regression multi variables، factor analysis and one group t test were used and finally the method of structural equivalence model benefiting from LISREL software was applied for providing suitable pattern and analyzing the rout. The findings showed that the mechanical structure of the physical education and entrepreneurial attitudes in a below-average and is also a positive and meaningful relation at the level of α≤0/05 between Corporate structure and the dimensions of Entrepreneurial orintation corporate. The study results suggest that physical education is a state of non-entrepreneurial. It is recommended to the physical education component of their strategic planning process، including organizational structure according to corporate entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Student viewpoint about the role of multimedia in teaching and learning Physical Education in Isfahan University. The method of research was descriptive. The population was the students of P. E. faculty in university of Isfahan. 228 students were selected in stratified random way as the sample of study. The instrument of research was a researcher made questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors of physical education and sport science and its reliability was calculated 0. 94 using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The data was analyzed by T test، using SPSS statistical software. Results showed that students believe that learning would be facilitated and learning motivations would increase significantly after using educational multimedia. Results also showed that students thought that educational multimedia must be used as a complement of education and teaching، as well as other common methods by the teachers.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceived organizational support and employees organizational citizenship behavior in Youth and Sport Organization of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of this study was the employees members of Youth and Sport Organization of Mazandaran province (N=100) and the size of population was selected as، the size of sample. For gathering data، two standard questionnaires، driven from perceived organizational support (Eisenberger et al، 1986) and organizational citizenship behavior (Organ and Konovsky، 1996) were used. Validity of questionnaires was achieved through considering comments of professors of sport management course and by using Cronbach’s alpha test the reliability of questionnaires were found to be (α=0. 76) and (α=0. 82)، respectively. The research method is correlational and has been done through field method. Descriptive scales and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests، Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of correlation test indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship (r=0. 446، P≤0. 05) between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore between components altruism (r=0. 335، P≤0. 05)، conscientiousness (r=0. 409، P≤0. 05)، sportsmanship (r=0. 287، P≤0. 05)، civic virtue (r=0. 376، P≤0. 05)، and courtesy (r=0. 514، P≤0. 05)، with perceived organizational support and positive and significant relationship was observed. Furthermore the results of regression analysis showed that perceived organizational support is expect to qualify all organizational citizenship behavior components.

Sport is counted as one of effective factors on improving economic and is the most well paid industry in 21st century. The purpose of this study is comparison promotion mix strategies and model of applying them amongst sport production companies in the Iran geographical domain. The method of survey was descriptive – analytical and was done by domain method. For collecting data we use questionnaires which were set based on the Likert scale. Validity of the questionnaire were estimated by interview with professors and exports in marketing and sport marketing (10 person) and reliability was assessed by using Cronbach''s alpha (α= 0. 89). Statistical population of study included Sport Goods-Producing companies in Iran (N= 180) which around 122 companies formed the study sample. For testing hypothesis we have used repeated analysis of variance test. The analysis of findings showed that using personal sale strategy were most in the promotion strategies، and using advertisement strategy and direct marketing were less in comparisons with the others. In general we can say، using techniques and methods of marketing and promotion strategies in sport industry product section in Iran very limited and in this sense the situation is not desirable to take over.

Given the importance of exercise، sports facilities should be dispersed across the city so that the public can have access to it. Now، one of the most important of problems in the cities is Poor posture of sport places. So that many people cause to lack access to sport sites، they can’t use them as desired. To solve this problem، need to planning and management of site selection whit modern methods such as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The purpose of this study is to provide a model for site selection of sport place for equality in access by Integration multi-criteria decision making methods (MCDM) and Geographic information system (GIS). The research method is Descriptive- analytic and field and it is applied. Obtained Information through the ARCGIS software in the form Information layer was analyzed. For weighting to the criterions from Expert-Choice software was used. Results of this study is suggestion of model for site selection of sport place in urban that was done in 4 steps: 1- determine and weight to the criterions 2- Determine the region limitations and the functional radius of existing sport spaces، 3-preparation of maps for two stage ago. 4-survey and Overlap map maps and selection of appropriate locations. For weight to the criterions was used to Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)، four important criterion of site selection for sport place was determined and was weighted، are: population density، access، Development potential and Neighborhood. After implementing the model in the study area، the proposed location was determined for sport places in map. According to the model and integration of GIS and models of decision making can be used in manufacturing of sport place، and fair distribution of this places in the city، and mobility and social health is gifted to the citizens، and reach to cost-saving and high Productivity.

The purpose of this research is to describe and diagnose Iran Sport For All status and to design a model. The population of the research includes: Sport For All Federation managers، its strategic Council members، its sub sport Associations and Sport For All provinces Units. TO benefit the experts and authorities'' point of view effectively، a questionnaire within the framework of the federation strategic plan content was designed and sent to the target population including: different federations and associations managers، the provinces sports units and the federation strategic Council members. A five –level Likert scale (strongly agree /agree/ neutral/ disagree/ strongly disagree) was designed. After Investigating and analyzing the results; regarding a Pathological view and approach; Sport For All strong & weak points، treats and opportunities (SWOT) were recognized. Then considering the proportion of Sport For All processes role to the other sports and its relationship with procurement، management and processing control components and culture & religious values، Iran Sport For All developing model was designed noticing sport management scientific structure، processing structure and its relationship with other sports and macro management circles for macro policy-making، planning and procurement & executive levels.

The objective of this research was to rank the private firms’ sponsorship improving obstacles from champion sport in Iran. According to this objective were collected 78 managers’ opinions of big private firms in Isfahan city that they don’t support champion sport financially in one year ago. This work was done by two different questionnaires about private firms’ sponsorship improving obstacles from champion sport. First questionnaire was designed according to dual comparison of obstacles and used for input of AHP method and another questionnaire was designed according to a 7 values indicative and used for inputs of TOPSIS and SAW methods. For analyzing the information and ranking the obstacles in AHP method used of Expert Choice software and in TOPSIS method used of coding in MATLAB environment. In this research for earning the one unit result of different results of 3 methods were used of collection the result of Average، Borda& Copeland methods by POSET technique. According to the final results، economic obstacles gained the first rank among 6 recommended total obstacles opposite Private Firms’ Sponsorship Improving from sport champion and also in them; no accessing to the new market and no more stability of relevant between firms and costumers earned the most important.

The places of sports are position for sport activity performing and that quality effect on teaching and sport contests and in the other hand، that play role in … sport injuries. The purpose of this research was assessing of relationship between safety and efficacy situation of sport places، spaces and equipment of view users (students) with amount of sport injuries. The method of research was descriptive method and the data collected with survey. The statistical population was all of students of university (6000 people) that 800 students (400 men and 400 women) participator in teaching and intramural sport program participated as samples in this study. Instrument of data collecting was questionnaire made of researcher that was include 35 phrases that safety and efficacy of structural elements of sport places namely platform، floor، roof، doors، windows، path، (structural elements)، light system، heating system، cooling system، ventilation system، (non- structural elements)، sport saloon، courts، platform (as structural element of place)، light and walls (as non-structural element of place)، sport equipment. Questionnaire validity was experts acceptable (70 percent) and that reliability coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha was 87 percent. Also، Study of injuries number reports in sport places was part of this research. In this research، KS test used for to determine of distribution normality and Levens test for variation homogeneity and t test for comparison of two groups view. The results indicated that meanly 65 percent students assessed acceptable situation of sport places safety. Also، 64 percent students assessed that sport places efficient of view use quality as a teaching and sporting places. Too، 60 percent boys and 12 percent girls assessed acceptable situation of sport places hygienic. In the other hand، study of physical injuries reports in university showed that 60 percent of this injuries happened in time of physical activating in sport places. So، to attention safety situation and necessity of increasing percent of activities safety and prevention of any events probability، recommended to make preparation standard programs increasing percent coefficient of activities safety and hygienic and checklists for daily assessing and controlling this places and to study of other parts of university.

This study was done with the aim of assessment of the Relationship between interpersonal trust & Political Behaviors with Conflict Resolution Style Among employees of Physical Education chosen Provinces office. The way of Cochran''s Formula was determined 276 numbers of samples. In other to، numbers 400 questionnaires were distributed among employees of Physical Education chosen Provinces office by simple randomly-classified. Overall numbers 296 questionnaires were collected among employees. Interpersonal trust، Political behaviors and conflict resolution style were measured by ITW، PB and ROCI-II questionnaires. The results analysis by descriptive statistics، Pearson correlation test and simple linear regression. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between interpersonal trust and political behaviors. Also results showed that there were positive and significant relationship between interpersonal trust with cooperative conflict resolution style and negative and significant relationship between political behaviors with uncooperative conflict resolution style. Further result''s regression analysis showed that interpersonal trust and political behaviors are predictors of choice and non-choice cooperative conflict resolution style.

This survey aims to investigate the explanation of relationship between organizational socialization and work conscientiousness among general offices of sports and yoath in north west. of Iran. The present survey is descriptive and is also done according to correlation and field method. In order to collect data of this survey، two standard questionnaires of organizational socialization were used based on Taormina model and work conscientiousness was done according to Barrick and Mount model. The study population consisted of all male and female employees of all agencies in sports and youth North West، using non-random sampling as a purposive sample of 263 individuals were selected for the study. In order to analyze the amount of reliability، Chronbach alpha was used in a study for a sample including 40 people and organizational socialization questionnaire was a=0/93 and work conscientiousness was a=0/96. After collecting the data، they were analyzed according to survey hypothesizes using MANOVA correlation as well as multiple regression so that the results indicate that: 1. There is a significant and positive relation between organizational socialization and its features (training/ understanding / coworker support and future prospects) with work conscientiousness. 2 training and future prospects can predict work conscientiousness dimensions (success-oriented and reliability) in a positive and significant way. So، employees’ organizational socialization can play an effective role in facilitating their work conscientiousness.