فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال سوم شماره 1 (بها و تابستان 1393)

To determine the trend of the cataract surgical rate in Khorasan Razavi Province between 2006 and 2010. Five centers were randomly selected from the cataract surgery centers of Khorasan Razavi Province. Using the definition of more than 3000 cataract surgeries per year for a major center, 3 centers were major and 2 were minor. One week of each season was randomly selected for each center and the number of cataract surgeries in that particular week was calculated. A total of 20 weeks for each center were selected. Finally, a percentage of the records, proportionate to the number of surgeries per week, were thoroughly analyzed. The total number of cataract surgeries was estimated 21388, 22750, 23888, 28063, and 30100 from 2007 to 2011, respectively. The cataract surgical rate, considering the population of Khorasan Razavi province, increased linearly from 3782 (95% CI 3732-3833) in 2007 to 5021 (95% CI 4965-5078) in 2011 per 1,000,000 people. In addition, the types of surgeries were intracapsular, extracapsular, phacoemulsification, lensectomy in which were recorded as 0.3%, 15.1%, 84.56%, and 0.1% of the cases, respectively. During the five years of the study, phacoemulsification increased significantly from 74.7% in 2007 to 90.4% in 2011 while the extracapsular method decreased from 14.7% to 9.2% in the same period of time. About 0.87% of the surgeries developed intraoperative complications. This study reported the cataract surgical rate in Khorasan Razavi province exclusively for the first time. The calculated rate was noticeably better than previous reports and was desirable and acceptable according to the WHO standards. However, with regard to the increase in the elderly population of the province, the rate should be even higher to cover all individuals requiring cataract surgery. Therefore, provision of the cataract surgery facilities, especially for the phacoemulsification, and education of this method should receive priority in the health system of this province.

Motor function is an important aspect of child development. Motor development is usually assessed in terms of age of achievement of motor milestones. Few previous studies have focused on motor development using WHO indexes particularly in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, age of achievements of six motor milestones was assessed in 800 children attending health centers of Dezful. Six milestones (sitting without support, hands-and-knees crawling, standing with assistance, walking with assistance, standing without support, walking without support) were assessed by mother self-reports. The mean age of children was 26.3 14.6 months. Based on percentile 97 WHO, 12.4 % of children had delayed motor development. The logistic regression test showed a statistically significant association between gestational age and delayed motor development (p<0.001). Prevalence of delayed motor development is high. Further cohort studies with bigger sample sizes should be designed.

The objective of this study is to compare the rhyme detection ability between 7 to 9 years age children with their natural peer group of the same age. In this study, 15 dyslexic children aged between7 to 9 were examined with another 15 normal children of the same age and gender, to investigate their rhyme recognition ability by applying phonemics awareness test. Results showed that the output of two groups from rhyme recognition ability test was 8.73+1.53 for dyslexic group and 6.47+1.64 for normal the group with an average grade of 6.88+1.94 for both of them. -Student t test showed a remarkable decline in average grade of rhyme recognition ability test in dyslexic group in comparison with the normal group (t =3.907; p =0.001). Findings derived from this survey represented a noticeable difference in dyslexic children's rhyme recognition ability and their peer normal group in a way that dyslexics have a weaker performance and more faults than normal individuals.

Emergency departments have a basic role in saving the human life in any accidents. Developing an information system with an accurate documentation facilitates evaluating emergencies activities and providing quality care. The main objective of this study was to determine the rate of complete documentation and compliance of legal aspects in documentation of Emergency’s Medical Records in teaching hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive-analytical research, 500 Emergency’s Medical Records were selected by random sampling method. Two checklists were applied to gather all the information. First checklist measured completion of data element in Emergency’s Medical Records forms and second checklist analyzed the legal aspect Compliance. Since the first checklist used the standard medical record`s data item of Ministry of health, it was validated. Reliability and validity of second checklist were verified by of medical records experts’ opinions. The statistical significance was set to 0.05. The statistical package SPSS were used for the analysis (Chi-square test). The amount of data recorded by physician, nurses, and reception staffs were 25.4, 52.6 and 67.1 percent, respectively. In general, legal aspect Compliance was 44.7 percent. Comparing hospitals` legal aspect Compliance ratio showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001). Our study showed that Emergency’s Medical Records were incomplete and legal aspects were not complied in medical record documentation. These deficiencies lead to loss of patients’ information. Therefore authorities, doctors, and medical experts should pay more attention to completeness of documentation of emergency's patient records in teaching hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences.

Hearing loss can affect physical, mental and social health of deaf individuals and may lead to depression, anxiety, isolation, suspicion and stress. This study is aimed to compare the mental health in hearing impaired elderly with hearing aid and hearing impaired elderly without hearing aid, referred to Ahvaz imam Khomeini hospital. This is a descriptive – analytic, case-control study. The study population included 72 hearing impaired elderly with 60 years of age and older referred to Ahvaz imam Khomeini hospital. Therefore, 36 patients with hearing aid and 36 patients without hearing aid were allocated into each group consisted of 18 women and men. Data collecting tool included Kohlberg general health questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28). Public health measures (GHQ-28) includes general health and four subscales of anxiety, depression, physical symptoms, social dysfunction. Independent samples t test was used for data analysis. Mean mental health scores in hearing impaired elderly without hearing aid and with hearing aid was 48.13 and 35.66, respectively. T test showed that the difference between 2 groups is statistically significant (p=0.001) and the difference mean mental health scores between men and women in 2 groups was significant (p≤0.049). Difference in mean mental health subscales between 2 groups was also significant thus hearing impaired elderly without hearing aid compared to hearing impaired elderly with hearing aid are experienced more depression, anxiety, physical symptoms and social dysfunction(p≤0.003). Results suggest that hearing impaired elderly with hearing aid compared to persons without hearing aid have more mental health scores.

Convergence insufficiency (CI) is one of the most important binocular vision disorders. Because there is no previous report on CI prevalence in an Iranian population, the purpose of this study is to estimate the frequency of CI in a population of 18 to 30 years old university students in the rehabilitation faculty of Iran University of Medical Sciences. 160 students aged 18 to 30 years (mean± SD = 21.7 ± 2.8 age) that had no glasses or had worn glasses or contact lenses≥ 1 month with corrected or uncorrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better in both eyes and uncorrected refractive error less than or equal to -0.5 D to +1.00 D, or ≤ 1.00 D astigmatism in either eye or ≤ 1.00 D anisometropia and no strabismus, were enrolled to evaluate the presence of CI. Individuals with following clinical signs were considered as a CI patient: near point of convergence (NPC) of ≥ 10 cm, exophoria at near ≥4∆ more than far measurements, insufficient fusional convergence amplitude according to sheard criterion, normal amplitude of accommodation according to Hofstetter formula (minimum age appropriate amplitude of accommodation= 15- 0.25× age in years). The prevalence of CI was calculated based on the abovementioned data. Regardless of accommodative condition, 10% of the study population showed CI disorder. 25% of this population showed lower amplitudes of accommodation compared to the normal accommodative values. Indeed, 7.5 % were CI and 2.5 % were pseudo CI. The results of the present study demonstrated a high frequency of CI in population of university students. Because of the symptoms of CI during near work activities such as reading and using computer, screening and applying appropriate treatments seem to be essential.

The aim of this study was to characterize prolonged standing and its effect on postural control in elderly individuals in comparison with adults. It is unknown how elderly individuals behave during standing and how demanding such a task is for them. We recorded the center of pressure (COP control signal) position of 12 elder participants and 12 young individuals while they performed standing for time duration of 30 seconds. The COP’s displacement of a subject can be used to quantify the postural stability; from this measure, we deduced the stabilogram which is the representation of the COP time series in anteroposterior and mediolateral direction. The stabilogram is known to be nonlinear and nonstationary signal. Some features are defined first and an analysis is then performed to find the most appropriate and discriminative features for elder and young subjects posture signals discrimination. Features are selected in frequency and time domains. In addition, largest Lyapunov exponents of the COP control signals are computed to show the impact of chaotic behavior in static balance characterization relative to the age. Implementations on the normal subjects demonstrate that working in frequency domain is preferred compared to the time domain analysis. Moreover largest Lyapunov exponent of the posture signals can be representatively used for COP signal discrimination between two groups. For an investigation and analysis of static balance for elders and unhealthy subjects, the signal of COP can be studied in chaotic domain beside frequency domain and characteristic features can be extracted from the signal in both chaotic and frequency domains.

The prefrontal cortex is highly vulnerable to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) resulting in the dysfunction of many high-level cognitive and executive functions such as language and word finding. The present study investigates the confronting naming ability in patients with TBI. Present research was a prescriptive-analytic cross-sectional study examined 20 TBI patients (10 male and 10 female), with the age ranged between 18 to 45 years. Participants, with a score above of 20 in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were assessed with Persian naming test. Our findings demonstrated that the mean of correct answers without cue was 87.9, and the mean of correct answers with semantic and phonological cues were 3.3 and 1.2, respectively. However, the mean of false answers was 4.8, and the mean of no answered questions was 2.8. Furthermore, the mean of semantic and phonological pseudo-words were 4.5 and 0.4, respectively, while the sum of correct answers was noted as 92.4. This research differs from other researches in severity of the disorders in population and definition of the naming process. Naming disorder in TBI patients with mild to moderate damage was mild, and semantic pseudo-words were less correct than other words. Therefore, semantic cue could be helpful for word retrieval in TBI patients. Therefore, in these patients to retrieve words, semantic priming may be effective and recommended as a treatment strategy.

Headache is one of the most common signs in Sinusitis which may reduce the quality of life and increase the sleep problems. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of massage therapy on the pain severity of sinus headache in women. The present study was a single group, pre and post test study which was conducted on 35 women with sinus headache in Esfahan. Purposive sampling method was used for this study. For each sample, 15 minutes facial and head massage was performed. Before an intervention, the mean score severity of the pain was 6.17 and after that was reduced to 3.34. The statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference in the pain severity before and after the intervention (p<0.0001). Applying massage therapy can lead to reducing the pain severity of sinus headache; thus, using this technique as an effective method is recommended for this group of patients.

Isolated radial nerve palsy is caused by pressing this nerve and it is usually caused by the excessive pressure either in the uterus or during the labor. Isolated radial nerve palsy should be considered different from brachial plexus damages. In brachial plexus damages depending on the damage degree and involved spinal roots, different disorders such as disability in brachial abduction, disability in elbow, wrist and digital flexion and extension may be observed, however, in isolated radial nerve palsy weakness is only reported in extension power. In isolated radial nerve palsy depending on the level of pressure and damage, different symptoms are suspected but the most common symptom is inability in extension of wrist and fingers, which is called wrist drop. This phenomenon is a rare condition and usually recuperates by itself. In the present case report, we have described a newborn case with isolated radial nerve palsy. This male newborn was born after a long labor during which his radial nerve was pressed, so he was born with wrist drop. By prescribing Physical therapy modalities including IR (Infrared), Gentle Massage, Electrical Stimulation (IDC), Gentle Rang of Motion, the patient was completely revealed from the disease.