نشریه طب انتظامی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، تابستان 1392)

Analysis of the nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial control regions HV1، HV2 and the SNPs in the coding region are routinely and widely used in differentiation of populations، ethnic groups and individuals. The speed of the nucleotide variation in the sequence of the mitochondrial control regions are at least ten times more than the nuclear genome and uniparental (maternal) inheritance. These characteristics are utilized in anthropology، criminal and judicial investigations such as identifying unrecognized corpse and human remains. The present report is the result of haplogrouping of a Kurdish population، inhabitants of Kermanshah and its suburbs، as part of a broader research to identify the haplogroups of Iranians. DNA was extracted from 2 ml whole blood from 87 individuals of Kurdish origin living in Kermanshah and its suburbs. The mitochondrial HV1 and HV2 control regions were sequenced following PCR amplification. The sequence data were compared with Cambridge Reference Sequence، and by using ClustalX program haplogrouping was achieved. For differentiating between H and U haplogroups، the status of two coding SNPs of 7028 and 12308 were also determined by PCR-RFLP. In 87 studied mitochondrial DNA samples 262 nucleotide variants were identified in HV1 region alone. The identified haplogroups were as follows according to their frequency preponderance: J،H،U،L3a and T. In this Kurdish population Eurasian haplogroups were predominant، although African haplogroup was present at a lower frequency. The findings of this study can also be used as a database for Iranian populations.

Stress fracture occur following bone exposure to cyclic sub-threshold loadings before repairing previous micro-fractures. The aims of this study were: 1) to assess and compare the ground reaction force and loading rate responses of the fixed-cadence marching at the fourth step and single-leg landing; and 2) the effect of over striding in the fourth step of fixed-cadence marching on the ground reaction forces and loading rates. a total of ten male students of Police (NAJA) University were enrolled. Five experiments including two single leg landing، two fixed-cadences marching، and regular running experiments were applied. The experiments data were collected with 200 Hertz using a force plate device. The results showed a high correlation between the fixed-cadence marching at the fourth step and single leg landing with both studied step lengths for the peak vertical and posterior components of ground reaction force and loading rate (r = 0. 863، r = 0. 781، r = 0. 847، and r = 0. 798 for step length of 25 centimeter، and r=0. 865، r=0. 74، r=0. 831، and r=0. 716 for step length of 50 centimeter; p <0. 05). By increasing the step length، all variables increased significantly (p <0. 05). The increase in the amount and rate of ground reaction forces can increase the risk of stress fracture on the lower extremities of soldiers and officers. As a mechanism to prevent over striding and consequently stress fractures in the fixed-cadence marching، it is suggested that recruits with the same height can be arranged to a group during marching، so that their step length maintain around their preferred one.

Some women police personnel prefer to marry fellow men، but others are uncooperative elect. The aim of the present study was carried out in the internal and external conditions of life satisfaction of married female employees how? This study is a descriptive and applied research component. Tools used in «ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire short form» and the study population included all women police personnel who have married within the organization or outside the organization. Sample survey in three provinces of Tehran، Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari through sampling included 153 couples who were married 92 couples married within the organization and outside the organization have a rest. Areas compared based on eight criteria: “Behavior and Personality”، “marital communication”، “conflict”، “financial supervision”، “sex”، “leisure”، “relationships with family and friends”، and “religious orientation” has been done. The mean difference between the two groups in terms of convergence in the field of “behavioral and personality” (p= 0. 032) is significant، but the difference in the rate of convergence of “marital communication”، “conflict”، “financial Supervision”، “sex”، “free time”، “relationships with family and friends”، and “religious orientation” were not significant. (p>0/05) The study showed that marital satisfaction (internal and external) and relative satisfaction was moderate، although much less satisfaction within the marriage is over.

Neonates who are at higher risk of complications due to either pregnancy or delivery conditions are nominated high-risk neonates. Prenatal cares are one of the most important determinants of neonates’ health. The present investigation was conducted to study the prevalence of high risk births and some related risk factors among babies born in NAJA''s hospitals. The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive correlation investigation. 581 infants who were born in military hospitals were considered as study population and considered through their archived files during 2002- 2007. Data were gathered by using a questionnaire included demographic information of mother and baby at birth. Descriptive statistics and Non-parametric statistical methods were applied to analyze the prevalence of high risk births and some related risk factors in study population. Based on the data collected from 581 infants the frequencies of newborn with weight less than 2500 g was 6. 3%، with weight more than 4000 g was 4. 3%، with age less than 37 weeks and more than 42 weeks were 2. 2% and 1% respectively، with score of «one-minute Apgar score less than five» was 0. 9% and with the need of CPR was 5. 7%. Significant relation was observed between mother''s diabetes and increase in newborn weight (p=0. 019). This relation was also achieved for the increases of mother''s diastolic blood pressure and weight loss of infant (p=0. 003). Prevalence of high risk births can be considered as an index for maternal health condition in a society. With regard to our results، the low incidence of high risk births in NAJA''s hospitals indicates the adequate prenatal care in these hospitals، but necessary measures are also needed for improving the current situation.

This study has been performed in one of neighborhoods in West rejoin of Tehran in order to evaluate the seismic vulnerability and analyze the effectiveness of health facilities after earthquake. This case study is based on the applied research which has made use of both qualitative (RVS and SWOT Analysis) and quantitative (GIS) methods. The neighborhood location is laid in low level vulnerable seismic zone of Tehran but this study shows high structural vulnerability in some of the health facilities of this area، unsafe communication network and ignorance the building codes in designing of the health facilities'' structures. So dysfunction of the health facilities in disaster is probable. Vulnerability and effectiveness analysis are necessary in pre-disaster phase. Structural retrofitting or relocation of health facilities proposed. providing safety in road communication network، designing a safe transportation plan، land use planning for risk reduction، identifying safe places for emergency evacuation، establishing training program and continued drill، strengthening intersectional cooperation between health facilities، municipality and other executive organization for disaster management can reduce the seismic vulnerability

Substance abuse among students can lead to several complications and damages in individual and society. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining predictors of behavioral intention substance abuse among students with application of prototype/willingness model. This cross-sectional study was performed among 120 students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Participants were chosen by simple random sampling method and with probability proportional to size. Data were collected through a researcher- made questionnaire in self-report. Data were analyzed by using of Pearson correlation and linear regression tests in SPSS 18. The prevalence of drug abuse experience among students was 6. 7 percent. The structure of attitudes، subjective norms and risk images predicted respectively 47 percent of behavioral intention variance and 11 percent of behavioral willingness variance. According to the prediction ability of subjective norms and risk images which predicted behavioral intention for drug abuse، it is suggested to enhance the negative attitudes toward drug abuse and reduce the persuasive abuse subjective norms in the design of substance abuse prevention programs for youth.

The importance of having joyful and lively staff in the organization has been widely accepted because these employees have more motivation to do their tasks. In this study، we sought to examine the relation between organizational spirituality and happiness. The present research uses descriptive correlation method to study on the staff of Golestan police headquarters population. The study sample comprised of 152 personnel who were randomly selected. For data collection we used Organizational Spirituality and Fordyce Happiness questionnaires. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression، in Spss16 software. Pearson correlation shows that all dimensions of organizational spirituality is positively associated with happiness. Multiple regression analysis also shows that 31. 7 percent of the organization''s sense of belonging can be anticipated by happiness. The results imply that organizational spirituality in terms of its intensity and strength can lead to feelings of happiness for the staff. So to keep employees happy and joyful in organization، it is proposed to improve spirituality at individual and organizational level in the context of work environment that is possible with regard to the components of organizational spirituality.

The aim of this study was to employ gene knockout technique in Brucella melitensis Rev1 to attain the attenuated mutant strain. Therefore، we deleted the perosamine synthetase encoding gene (per)، one of the LPS O-chain coding genes، by homologous recombination. Homologous recombination was performed using a suicide vector containing deletion cassette، which comprised kanamycin resistance sequence (kanR) flanking with the per upstream and downstream sequences. Deletion cassette was constructed by PCR reactions using specific primers، and cloned into pBluescriptIISK (-) to construct suicide vector. The suicide vector was transformed into Brucella by electroporation. The results were confirmed deletion cassette and suicide vector construction. After mutant strain selection، deletion of the per gene was confirmed by PCR using specific primers، and sequencing. Also، loss of the per gene function was confirmed by comparison of RT-PCR products from wild type and mutant strain. The mutant Brucella had deficiency in its LPS O-chain structure، so in addition to reduce error in diagnostic tests to discriminate between vaccinated and infected animal، it can to characterize as a candidate vaccine with later immunological tests.