فصلنامه ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی
سال سوم شماره 11 (زمستان 1392)

Nowadays, the importance of creativity and risk-taking entrepreneurship is crystal bright. Given the importance of higher education and the role of agriculture on the national independence, reviewing the indicators of these concepts is considered to be rather important for planning. This study is designed to review the degree of creativity and risk-taking in students of agriculture fields. The study population consisted of all undergraduate students of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (2340 = N), of whom 379 were randomly selected. The research instrument was a questionnaire prepared by A. Korrdnaij. et al, while its validity and reliability of questionnaire design by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0/92) was confirmed. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: a description and analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Students have notable weaknesses in risk-taking and creativity. Between boys and girls, there is no significant difference on student's creativity. But risk-taking characteristics in girls is higher than boys, and there are significant differences between them. Between students in terms of features, there is no significant difference in, risk-taking. But in creativity feature, Rangeland students except Agronomy s student have significant differences comparing to the other fields. Further, there are no differences between agronomy students, Rangeland science students, soil science students, and food science and technology students. But there is difference between agronomy students and the other fields. According to research findings students have low levels of entrepreneurial characteristics with differences among some fields, while studying the effects of education on entrepreneurial character's strength and proper planning and employing new training methods is found to be necessary.

Many articles on creativity and innovation begin with a general statement. The companies must be innovative otherwise they will die. This study investigated the relationship between organizational trust and organizational creativity in the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company in Kermanshah. This research is descriptive while using survey method; required Data were collected via questionnaire, to measure organizational trust, Alvin and others questionnaire (2008) were used, and for measuring organizational creativity Randsip questionnaire (1979) was employed. The reliability of organizational trust questionnaire was 0/81 and organizational creativity the reliability was 0/78. The Cronbach alpha of both questionnaires were more than 0/70, so both questionnaires had enough reliability. Statistical Society included some 300 employees of the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution of Kermanshah. Based on a stratified random sampling, some samples were selected from among 148 questionnaires. To determine the normality of obtained data the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test was used. The test confirmed that the samples are normal. Hypotheses were tested using Spearman correlation test and the results were positive and significant correlation were observed between trust and creativity. It means the more employees’ trust to their organization, the more innovative. The results of multiple linear regression showed that only two independent variables, vertical trust and institutional trust are related to the creativity dependent variable. Institutional confidence coefficient equal to 0.79, has the highest proportion of variance in the dependent variable creativity. Trust is a key element for the success of the organization. The results indicate that low levels of trust in reduced productivity, lack of innovation and creativity. On the other hand, increased levels of confidence in the staff mentality, enhance creativity and innovation and contribute to effective change.

Fast advances in the information and communication domain in the present age, has directed technology towards human needs. One of the main aspects of mankind’s needs is the creativity which has effective role on growth and evolution of humankind. Up to now, the effects of many variables have been examined on creativity, but the impact of E-portfolio on creativity is somehow ignored. Goal: The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of E-portfolio on students’ creativity. The quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test plan with two groups namely, control and experiment groups are used in this research. First, a creativity pre-test was used on the two groups. Then the experiment group was exposed to independent variable for one semester. At the end of the semester post-test was done on both of groups and the results were analyzed by MANOVA for differenced scores (pre/post test). Finding of this project shows that E-portfolio has effective role on creativity and sub-components. In general, the finding shows that using E-portfolio in education promotes students’ creativity.

Factors that creativity and a lot of research has been done inside and outside the country, but most of them are descriptive of the innovations of this research study is conducted. Effect of self-education initiatives on creativity development for students (third year high school boy city Tehran) is. Quasi-experimental study using a sampling of 40 students in two classes in the experimental and control groups were studied. First, both the pretest creativity, self-efficacy component of the training package for 8 sessions were presented to the experimental group and the control group did not receive special training. Secondly, the creation of the two groups were tested. Data in this study, Abedi creativity questionnaire that is based on the theory developed by Torrance. In this study, a main hypothesis derived from the study of four sub-hypotheses derived from the cognitive theory of creativity, Torrance was introduced. The main theory of creativity as students who are self-training component, the proportion of students who do not use more than was approved. Sub-hypothesis testing, second and fourth hypothesis, it was found that the education component of the initiative and develop self-efficacy impact student's thinking, and this hypothesis was confirmed in the first and third hypotheses were identified using a self-learning component the fluid does not affect student's thinking and flexibility and these hypotheses were rejected.

Among different teaching methods in the field of mathematics, each method has its own implications and consequences in the areas of cognitive, emotional, mental, physical and creative thinking, and so on. But not using active methods of teaching mathematics in schools, and lack of attention to nurturing creativity has attracted our attention to the discovery method. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of guided discovery methods of teaching mathematics and creativity on the third grade of elementary school girls. In this study, pre-test and post-test control group quasi-experimental method was used. For this purpose, 30 students from third grade girl students in the school academic year 2010-2011 of Ardakan city were selected randomly and creativity tests were carried out. Findings of the study indicates that the guided discovery method of teaching math students have an impact on different aspects of creativity and it has grown. This approach will undoubtedly be one of the most appropriate methods for teaching mathematics to students. The study shows that the use of active teaching methods in schools, particularly in guided discovery methods such as mathematics textbooks have challenged the increase of creativity in the students.

Today's complexity and turbulent business environment has forced organizations to meet the environmental changes to increase their abilities and capabilities. Goal: This research studied the relationship between perceived quality of work life and its eight dimensions and organizational entrepreneurship, in one of the institutions of policy-making in the field of entrepreneurship. Research design was a descriptive-survey in the kind of correlation. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation between the quality of working life and entrepreneurship exist. Also the relation between the payment of fair wages and benefits, providing opportunities for sustainable growth and security, rule of law, overall living space, consolidating and developing individual capabilities and organizational entrepreneurship is significant. But aspects of workplace health and safety and social relations have not a significant relationship with organizational entrepreneurship Providing opportunities for sustainable growth and security and fair wages and benefits paid to corporate entrepreneurship were the best predictors. The research has raised implications and suggestions for managers, decision-makers and researchers.

Individual's creativity and locus of control are so important in their successes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of REBT (Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy) group counseling on student's creativity and locus of control. Statistical population of this study, were the chemistry students of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. Some 30 students were selected through the random sampling and 20 students who participated in this study were randomly divided into two groups (one experimental and one control group). The Cree creativity questionnaire and The Rotter's locus of control scale, as a pre-test, was taken from all students who were participated in this research. Then experimental group was counseled for 10 sessions by REBT. At the end, the Cree creativity questionnaire and The Rotter's locus of control scale as a post-test was taken from all students. The results of the variance method showed significant difference on student's creativity and locus of control in experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.005). Totally it was found that REBT group counseling is effective on increasing the student's creativity and locus of control.

Creativity is an ideal characteristic of humans that school chiefs need to be stricter in its teaching or educating. Teaching creativity or in other words nurturing creative minds is known to be one of the most fundamental goals and an integral element of the education system in today’s world. This research was conducted in order to find out the conformity degree of the second grade of elementary school’s science and experimental book with creativity components based on Guilford and Bicards’ view and also analysis of the contents, activities, and the experiments and high levels of Bloom’s Cognitive domain. This research used " quantitative content analysis". After specifying the desired components, Bickards and Guilford views were applied as the research framework and William Romey’s technique to analyze the content and the pictures of the book was also employed. Besides the content, activities and experiments of the book were analyzed according to Bloom’s cognitive domain levels. Statistical population of this research includes science and experimental books of elementary course. The results of the research indicated that 10% of the content, activities and experiments are within the Bloom’s cognitive high levels. Also inclusion coefficient of the content with creativity components was 23% and of the pictures was 31%. This research indicated that the number of activities and experiments of the book were very few within Bloom’s cognitive high levels. Also, the investigated book needs revision and fundamental editions in terms of the creativity components, especially when it comes to the content of units and the pictures.

One of the ways to achieve creativity in education is using creative teachers. Creative teachers can increase the quality of educational services. Leadership styles of school principals can improve or diminish teacher’s creativity.

This study examined the relationship between manager's leadership styles and creativity of teachers in primary schools.

The method used in this research was correlation and applied research. The statistical population of the research was all the elementary school teachers in Poldokhtar of whom 97 were selected randomly. Instruments included two standard questionnaires to measure creativity and transformational leadership. For analyzing data, descriptive and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, regression were used.

The results of this review indicates that the transformational leadership style is more than transactional leadership style and is associated with teachers creativity. Among the components of transformational leadership, charismatic leadership and individual consideration explain %29.5 of teachers creativity. Beside that The contingent reward component of transactional leadership style just explains 7/9% of the variance.

Planning training courses to improve the skills of transformational leadership for school administrators, particularly principals and teachers to achieve school's success and growth is inevitable. Effective leadership requires the use of a transformational and transactional leadership style. Therefore school administrators in addition to creating the conditions and environment for intrinsic motivation should consider extrinsic rewards.