فصلنامه ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی
سال سوم شماره 10 (پاییز 1392)

Creativity is the highest cognitive and public ability which some believe that helping for its improvement is the main goal of educational system. Reaching to this goal needs to have programs and methods to help training creativity. In spite of that, looking at the educational programs in the country indicates that considering the ability of creativity has no specific position. Actually this loss, especially in the pre-school program which has fundamental function, makes problem.Goal: Solving the shortage of creativity and helping to improve this ability in learners is the main goal of the research. This research is a kind of experiment with control group. The sample of research was a group of pre-school learners which were randomly divided into two groups of control and experiment with each group being ten persons. The program of story creation was made and tested in twenty training sessions. The efficiency of the program was achieved by using Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking in pre-test and post-test. The results show that after performing the experimental course there is a meaningful statistical difference between control and experiment groups in creativity. Applying the story creation experimental course helps the improvement of children's creativity.

Since the classroom environment is important in the process of teaching and learning as well as emotional and cognitive development of students, therefore, the primary purpose of this study is assessing the classroom Socio-psychological in order to identify school internal structure and its relation with student’s creativity in 2010-2011 academic year. The present study is an applied research, and according to its method of collecting data it is considered to be a descriptive-survey study. Its statistical population consists of all male fifth grade students in public elementary school in 2010-2011 academic year. Some 378 students were selected through combining methods; multistage cluster sampling and proportional stratified sampling. Two researcher-made questionnaires were used for collecting data (classroom Socio- psychological environment questionnaire with 48 items and creativity questionnaire with 18 items). Their face validity were investigated, and their reliability (0/84) and (0/76) were calculated and confirmed through Corenbach’s alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percent, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (binomial test and stepwise multiple regression) were used for describing and analyzing the collected data. The findings of the study indicate that for the fifth grade students some of the components (having teacher support, maintaining order and organizing contents) are assessed desirable, some other components (participation, mutual interests among students, importance to work and homework, observing and applying the rules and regulations) are assessed as relatively desirable, and educational innovation was considered as undesirable component. The results of stepwise multiple regressions in the study also showed that the three components of Socio- psychological environment (educational innovation, having teacher support, and mutual interests among students) have the power of anticipating creativity. Sincere and warm environment and emotional learning can promote teachers and students creativity, and thus it can lead to school improvement. Since classroom environment is the main decision maker of class behavior and learning therefore, to some extent it is able to anticipate the creativity of students.

Context: Rapid advances in the information and communication technologies (ICT), has changed the human needs in the present age. Creativity is a basic need in the development of human civilization. While the effects of variables on creativity have been studied so far, but the impact of ICT on the development of creative thinking is ignored. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of ICT on creativity of male high-school junior students. Researchers used the quasi-experimental method on two control and experimental groups. The population under study were the male high school junior students in Tehran city. Sampling method in this research was multi-stage random cluster sampling and the samples were selected from control and experimental groups. The instrument of measurement in this research was Torrance Figural Test of Creative Thinking Booklet B. For performing the research; first the ICT was given to both groups and then the data were analyzed by independent T statistic method. Findings showed the effectiveness of using the ICT on creativity. totally and especially on the originality element of creativity, but didnt show on fluency, flexibility and expansion.

The need for social entrepreneurship as to reduce the impact of the hardship on vulnerable groups is a vital task and given that many social and environmental issues are time-sensitive, failure to recognize the importance of social entrepreneurship and the lack of adequate support is a huge mistake. The purpose of this research was the studying the role of transformational leadership style of managers in predicting staff social entrepreneurship and also implementation and comparison of state universities with private universities in this respect in Mashhad. Research methods was descriptive - survey of the correlation type (Regression). The research had two statistical populations that includes all permanent and temporary employees in staff units in the state and private universities in Mashhad with at least three years of experience and six months of work experience with their superiors in the 2011-2012 academic years. The sample of state universities was Ferdowsi University and sample of private universities was Khayyam and Sajjad universities that were selected purposively. The numbers of cases were 145, 25 and 19 respectively. The research instruments were two questionnaires Bass & Avolio (1985) Transformational Leadership style questionnaire (TLSQ) and social entrepreneurship questionnaire made by researcher according to Dees's theory (1998) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was for TLSQ and social entrepreneurship questionnaire 0.98 and 0.94 respectively, and their factor analysis validity was confirmed. In two research populations: 1) the rate of managers’ behavior compliance with Transformational Leadership style and also rate of employees’ social entrepreneurship were high. 2) There was significant relation between Transformational Leadership style and social entrepreneurship, and also transformational leadership style of managers could predict employees’ social entrepreneurship. 3) There was no significant difference between managers’ compliance behavior with Transformational Leadership style in terms of employees’ gender. 4) There was no significant relation between managers’ compliance behavior with Transformational Leadership style and employees’ age. Therefore, whereas transformational leadership style and its indexes have importance, on the other hand, the goals affinity of the educational organizations with the goals of social entrepreneurship; the various organizations especially educational organizations should use these two important concepts in advancement of their goals and prepare contexts of research and development of these two.

Turning to small, entrepreneurial businesses, for their role in generating employment and wealth, is one of the key factors for economic growth and development in the modern era. Entrepreneurs in the process with identifying new opportunities, analyzing customer requirements and the resources and assets will lead to the survival of entrepreneurial business. How to deal with the behavioral mechanisms of entrepreneurs in the process is a gap for studies. The paper examined the relationship between intellectual capital elements on the different behaviors of entrepreneurs in the process of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. The population of study was top producers of farming and agricultural entrepreneurs of Kermanshah (N=188). 106 were selected by simple random sampling. Structural equation modeling results indicated a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and opportunities. Knowledge and information, internal incentive, creativity and managerial experience were most important elements of intellectual capital. Entrepreneurs about recognition of opportunities were almost powerful and competitive review of opportunities, creating innovative solutions and actively seeking behaviors was approved as most important behaviors. Promotion of team work culture, strengthening of internal information systems, holding creativity techniques workshops and gaining business management experience, may be necessary to improve innovative behavior in identifying opportunities.

The development of various aspects of human society depends on creating new ideas. Logical thinking can be subject to having his philosophical mind. Mind philosophical insights and knowledge can help the managers and employees to cope with the problems. The main goal of the research was to investigate the relationship between philosophical mindset and organizational creativity of State Management Training Center employee. The research method used was correlation. The study sample consisted of all employees in 2013, the Public Administration Training Centre, which is equal to 145. Of the population, a sample size of 110 patients were randomly selected. The study used two standard questionnaires to assess employee creativity Randsip (1979) and also philosophically minded questionnaires Mirsepasi & Soltani (1375) examined the above variables. As for inferential statistical analysis of the test data; «r» Pearson, «R» and stepwise regression were used. The philosophical dimensions of subjectivity (comprehensiveness, depth and flexibility) as a significant positive relationship with the government management innovation personnel training center were found. The result of stepwise regression showed that integration and flexibility are the best predictor for State Management Training Center staff is predictors of creativity. The findings stated that the philosophy of mind and its dimensions (recall, meditation and flexibility) in the Public Administration Training Centre staff, were more creative. After analyzing the data, it can be concluded that the integrity of philosophical thinking were more about creativity and flexibility and depth dimensions were in second and third positions.

One of the important goals in higher education is development of creativity. This research was conducted to determine the effect of method of idea seeking (SCAMPER) on creativity of female Technical-Engineering students in Tabriz University. Population of this study was female Technical-Engineering e students in Tabriz University, which include some1070 students. The pretest-posttest semi-experimental design with control group was used in the study. A total of 60 students were selected by accessible (involuntary) sampling method and were substituted randomly in two groups (30 students in control and 30 students in experimental group). Data were gathered through Torrance tests of creative thinking (A form). ANCOVA was used to analysis the data. The results revealed that, using the method of idea seeking (SCAMPER) significantly increased the different components of creativity (fluency, originality, flexibility, elaboration), therefore it can be said that the method of idea seeking (SCAMPER) was effective technique and can improve the students’ performance in creative activities.

One of the basis of humanity achievement is creativity. There are several factors that can increase and decrease the amount of creativity; according to the literature one of these factors is Alexithymia. The type of relation and effects of Alexithymia on creativity in Iran is not investigated yet. Thus, the aim of the study was prediction of creativity on the basis of Alexithymia’s components in Tabriz university students. A number of 211 students were chosen by the ratio sampling method. For data collection Abedi Creativity Scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were used. The data were analyzed in SPSS 18.0 using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression method. according to the results, creativity negatively correlated with alexithymia’s component and also the results showed that alexithymia’s components (difficulty identifying feeling, difficulty describing feeling, externally oriented thinking) significantly predict creativities changing’s. Hence, only beta coefficient of difficulty identifying feelings significantly can explain creativity. The study pointed that high creativity levels is associated with low Alexithymia dimensions, therefore for increasing creativity, researchers can plan programs that reduce Alexithymia.

University entrepreneurship has been considered as a procedure and also as the third duty of universities and higher education in the past few years. The study aimed to identify the challenges and solutions for improving academic entrepreneurship in expositive manner from authors and university professors’ viewpoint. The applied research approach is qualitative methodology and ethnography has been used for conducting the search. The data has been gathered by participant-observation and open-deep interviewing techniques; then combined with Triangulation technique. Sampling method was purposeful- qualitative and 16 authors and university professors in humanities (management sciences) were interviewed by theoretical saturation index as the samples. Their ideas and opinions to the challenges and solutions for improving university entrepreneurship focusing on university and industry interaction have been investigated. grounded theory was used for analyzing data and concluding the findings; in other words, providing theory limitedly was carried out instead of examining the theories and confirming or rejecting them. The main findings included issues as changing the role of university (accepting a new role), embedding, networking, enhancing university activities, culture building and managerial changes through using grounded theory. All categories can be subsets of university entrepreneurship. In other words, university entrepreneurship is the core category in grounded theory. The paradigm model is provided by the categories.