پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات
سال بیست و نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 76، زمستان 1392)

Introduction and

Enquiry through research for achieving more confirmed results، removing existing discrepancies among various studies، and discovering knowledge gap are of main concerns in scientific research. As a systematic approach، meta-analysis tends to orientate this goal by statistical synthesis of quantitative results obtained from independent studies relating to a research problem. This article aimed to set forth an introductory context for conducting meta-analysis in various research problems of knowledge and information science (KIS).

This paper used an analytical review to describe the history، methods، statistical approaches، and challenges and opportunities of meta-analysis in KIS. As a systematic review، meta-analysis has some ordered and written stages directed by a protocol.

Statistical summarization of the findings of included studies is the main stage which has three approaches. Despite its importance in developing a scientific field، meta-analysis has not been widely known and conducted in the KIS field and there are some discrepancies in its conduct. The authors of original research articles and journal editors should consider some guidelines for authoringpapers in such a way that they can be easily included in meta- analysis. Originality/ value: This study is a step for introducing the principles and references of meta-analysis to KIS scientific communication as a new and necessary approach to synthesize and evaluate the increasing studies in the field، especially those conducted in Iran.

The aim of research is to investigate the influence of user’s characteristics on their relevance judgment. The research method was an analytical survey in which 40 masters students and graduates of Information and Knowledge Sciences formed the research population. NEO-personality inventory-revised was used to investigate the population in 5 factors (Extraversion/ Neuroticism/ Openness to experience/ agreeableness/ Conscientiousness). Relevance judgment was perfomed on 10 first retrieved records in Google for 5 keywords that had been searched by the research population and precision was measured. Findings showed that users’ relevance judgment is not the same despite the intervening control; Extraversion and agreeableness have positive and significant relationship with relevance judgment and there is not any significant relationship between Neuroticism، Openness to experience and Conscientiousness with relevance judgment. In other words، users with characteristics such as Extraversion and agreeableness retrieved more related records. In general، some personal characteristics have influence on relevance judgment. Library and information managers can improve search process through providing suitable job conditions and suitable environment for users to search information in better situations.

The effect of information technology on providing services in academic libraries is a metter of high significance. New technologies not only affect the forms and delivery of library services but also affect users'' behavior and perception. This study is a descriptive research considering post-graduate students in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. This paper examines the behavior and perception of E-service users in university libraries based on Adjen`s theory of planned behavior. By using stratified random sampling، 493 questionnaires were distributed and path analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The results of path analysis showed that intention and normative beliefs directly affect the behavior of library clients. In the final model compared with Adjen’s earlier model، attitude plays an important role through intention and thus indirectly influences behavior of electronic services users in libraries.

Scientific collaboration has always been of interest to researchers. The analyses of data relating to scientific collaboration is one of the techniques by which we can evaluate research activities. Co-authorship network analysis can represent good information regarding the patterns and structures of co-authorship. Social network analysis was used as the research method. The research population included twenty journals of Information Science which had an impact factor of 0.635 as a minimum from the years 1996 to 2010. The research findings showed that Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association with 0/3 network density has a highest co-authorship network density. Low connection existed in coauthorship network of Information Science journals and co-authorship networks of these journals were loose and sparse. The Results showed that co-authorship networks of information science journals had a low density. Compactness of this journal is low and co-authorship networks had a low cohesion. Results of this research also showed that the density of co-authorship networks of Information Science is lower than Medical Sciences and higher than Management and Social Computations.

This study aimed to investigate users'' views regarding the understandability and predictability of labels used for representing information items (menus) in the websites of Iranian university central libraries. Library websites of 10 Iranian top-ranked universities were examined by 30 non-library graduate students. Data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and heuristic approach. Results showed that the labels used were not predictable by users in most cases and users had different perceptions about the labels. This problem results in users'' doubt in locating related items. Interviews with users confirmed the findings. Some new labels for representing information items were identified by considering users'' views and perceptions.

An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an integrated business software system that enables a company to manage the efficient and effective use of resources (materials، human resources، finance، etc.) by providing total، integrated solution for the organization´s information-processing. Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB)، as one of the new concepts in organizational behavior management that emphasize the extra-role of the behaviors of managers and employees، have a crucial role on organizational performance. This study focuses on the impacts of this kind of behaviors on ERP system success. A questionnaire was developed and distributed among the users in several companies that implemented this system. Random cluster sampling was used and 244 questionnaires were collected. Findings show that there is a positive relationship between three dimensions of OCB on ERP system success، but the indirect impact of helping behaviors as one of the dimensions of OCB on ERP system success through computer anxiety was not accepted.

Machine indexer is referred to as a kind of indexing system in which keywords are extracted from the title or body of a text and organized in the index entries using computer algorithm. Althogh there is an increasing need for applying computer in indexing machine indexer has not been developed for Persian language yet. Therefore in this paper the results of investigating and identifying of theoretical and practical aspects of such system in the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology are presented. To do so، firstly the relationship between indexing and information retrieval، theoretical debates and the machine indexing revolution، the practical and procedural viewpoints of machine indexing، successful projects in different countries and for different languages، and the requirements of machine indexer for Persian language are discussed. Then the elements of a machine indexer for Persian language are defined and its conceptual model and also the relationships between the elements، the details of subsystems، and the indexer logical system are designed. Finally، the requirments of developing the system for the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology are discussed and the state of the art of the implemented projects and existing experiences in this regard are defined.

Identifying the author of an electroni message is one of the main problems in text classification and natural language processing. The aim of this article is to determine the authors of 50 cyber messages (by 50 potential customers، according to Amazon ''s website)، by a machine learning methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method، the decision was carefully tested and the results were compared with the performance of machine learning methods. Also، when extracting various features of authors'' writing style for evaluation by machine، we tried to maximize the features required to identify a writer. Therefore، nearly 10،000 different features were extracted from different entries in four categories: lexical features، syntactic features، special features and structural features. In this study، the average accuracy of the proposed method reached to 98. 78.

This study aimed to map IRAN MARC (extracted from RASA، the National Library of Iran’s Software) fields and data elements for FRBR entities and user tasks on one side and also exploring the users'' view on assessing the value related to user tasks. A Mixed-method was used for the study. The IRANMARC fields (0XX – 9XX) and data elements were mapped on the FRBR entities and the 4 user tasks (Find، Identify، Select، Obtain) based on similar studies conducted by the Library of Congress on the MARC 21، IFLA report and evaluation of users in research. According to the findings of the study، the first rank of Mapping IRAN MARC (on RASA) fields and data elements on FRBR user tasks with 49. 17 percent belonged to the “Identifying” and the last with 18. 42 percent to the “Finding” tasks. According to results، maximum compatibility with existing data elements in IRANMARC belonged to the first group and the lowest compatibility with the third group of entities of FRBR model. In total 44. 74 percent of the IRANMARC data elements mapped on the first group of FRBR، 9. 95 percent matched with the second group and 3. 15 with the third group. It also results in MARC data elements valuation which supports user tasks of 1st group entities had high value، 434 (27. 83%) in the «identifying»، 425 data Element (27. 28%) in the «Obtain»، 147 data elements (9. 44%) in the «Selecting»، 95 data elements (6. 10 percent) in the «Finding» Respectively. The results show partially consistency with the valuation based on this research report.

The aim of this study is to investigate the flow of scientific production in Iran during 2007 to 2011. The triple helix model was used to assess the relationship between universities، industries and the government on scientific production process. Iranian scientific products in the three ISI citation databases of Science Citation Index (SCI)، Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Art and Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) during the abovementioned period was collected as the research population and the authors addresses were reviewed carefully to be used in TH model. ISI. exe and SPSS software were used for this purpose. The Triple Helix collaboration of University، Industry and Government was measured by mutual information (transmission T) derived from the Shannon’s formulas. The T-value here represented the uncertainty when the probability distributions were combined. Findings indicated that the number of papers written by Iranian authors increased steadily from 8796 in 2007 to 19876 in 2011. Among the three sectors، university researchers had the most participation Researchers from the industry sector had the lowest participation. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional collaborations were calculated too. The results showed that University-Government collaboration was much higher than the University-Industry or Industry-Government collaborations indicating that the gap between Industry and the two other sectors in Iran was significantly big. Government–University interactions had a better condition. This can be explained due to the supports that research organizations receive from the government. Unfortunately the T value is not high for the three dimensional collaboration of University، Industry and Government researchers. But by adding the foreign collaboration as the forth factor into the study، the results change a little and the collaborations between different sectors and foreign researchers increase in comparison with internal collaborations. It is clear that an ideal point in relations to different sectors of Triple Helix of university، industry and government is not possible overnight but requires a long- term strategic planning.

This paper examines the role of world countries in Library and Information Science (LIS) research for a 50 year period (1963-2012) using scientometrics and Social Network Analysis (SNA) approaches. A total of 58757 papers published in 83 journals indexed in the Web of Science’s Information Science and Library Science subject category were covered in this study. The overall structure and evolution of the collaboration network of countries were investigated using macro-level SNA metrics such as density، connectedness، clustering coefficient، mean distance، diameter، components and clusters of the network. Additionally، scientometric indicators such as the number of publications، number of citations and self-citations، citations per paper، number of highly cited papers، percentage of citedness، activity index and relative quality index as well as four micro-level SNA metrics، namely degree، betweenness، closeness and number of immediate vertices were adopted to analyze the function of countries in the network. Findings show that the 58757 papers sampled was contributed by 151 unique countries (vertices) connected together through 11535 links (co-authorships). The collaboration network of countries seems to exhibit “scale-free” and “small world” network properties and the famous notion of “six degrees of separation” is valid in this network. The co-authorship network of countries consists of 15 components، the largest of which contains 137 vertices، yielded a ratio of 90% of the whole network. Clustering analysis shows that this network comprises 39 clusters. Amongst them، the eleventh and ninth clusters which contain US and UK، have the highest density. The function of the top 50 countries in LIS research was also studied using various scientometric and SNA matrices

Organizational performance depends on specialized information that is transfered throughout an organization via communication networks among employees. Interactions that occur within these networks are poorly understood and are generally unmanaged. In this case study, we describe a method that has potential to provide systematic support for information management in engineering- consulting companies. We applied organizational network analysis, a method for studying communication networks, to assess the method’s utility to support decision making for the managers of engineering-consulting companies in civil industry, and to determine what links existed between information use and the agency processes. Data on communication links among a company’s department’s staff was obtained via a survey with a 94% response rate, and were analyzed by the Organizational Risk Analyzer (ORA) software. The findings described the structure of information flow in the department’s communication networks. Results indicated that communications among employees between divisions were weak especially among experts staff. Shared situation awareness of organizational processes is low. However, speed of information flow was good. The analysis results in providing better insights into organizational processes for managers to address problems and to take advantage of network strengths.