نشریه مطالعات معماری ایران
سال دوم شماره 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

The general concept of 'Dwell' or the existence of human on earth accompanying a suitable environment has various architectural responses in the traditional and modern thought. However, the recognition of quiddity of dwell and its specific meaning 'calmnes's is still a theoretical challenge in human relation and environment. In this essay, nature and dwell of self with regard to the world of sense and its belonging to the imagination world will be rethought from Islamic wisdom perspective. This rethinking or preliminary discourse plan about dwelling follows two main First, discovering the nature of what is called dwelling and settlement. The second is the recognition and retrieval of forgotten world of imagination in architecture and the grounds of human imaginary dwelling on earth. By applying an analytical approach and morphophonemic, this research attempts to demonstrate that self with the interstitial or imaginary nature-a place between two separated things which has the characteristics of both sides-dwell in a world of self (imaginary world). In fact, this world like self and imagination is an internal and social world of couples for periodic reminders of the Adam and Eve primary dwelling in celestial world of self. Despite of some commonalities, this environment does not correspond with symbolic construction of heaven on earth. In other words, the main purpose of constructing this environment is the representation of world of self for care and protection of the quadripartite of couple, word, imagination and dwell of humanbeing. From this perspective, the dwell of self will be achieved with a balance and unity of concepts and opposed but similar dual phenomena in the human world, nature, and architecture.

There is a deep-seated belief among planners that the historical association between urban planning and rationality is an unquestioned presumption which they follow their daily practices based on. It seems that truth of urban planning claims has been shown predominantly by applying the concept of rationality. As a result، reflection on rationality can be taken into consideration as an important subject for a study. This research may help us to find some answers for numerous questions such as below: What does it mean when planners claim that their practices are rational? Is there a grand unified theory of rationality determining the way of planning around the world which all of planners fit their daily practices with? This article makes a qualitative research to explain the two above questions، coming to this conclusion that planners should revise their belief about importance and universal concept of rationality within their practices.

In an urban built environment، on the one hand people behave based on their spatial cognition of the environment; spatial behavior in interaction with the environment depends on the spatial cognition. On the other hand many researches have also pointed that spatial configuration as the relational characteristics of the physical elements of environment، influence on the spatial cognition. Based on the methodology proposed، this paper is an attempt to explain and understand the properties and relationships between spatial cognition and spatial configuration of the built environment in the three old Mohallas in Dezful. Spatial cognition by employing of cognitive maps through sketch mapping and interview associated with survey questionnaire for evaluation of the cognitive representations and the concept of legibility has been studied، and spatial configuration by space syntax method for measurement of syntactical properties including parameters of global integration، local integration، connectivity and interpretive parameters، intelligibility and synergy all in all have been studied. In order to achieve the research objectives، analytical / descriptive methods with obtained maps and methods of statistical correlation between the quality parameters of spatial cognition and spatial configuration quantitative parameters have been used. Also، The concept of legibility، as the quality interpretive of the parameter associated with the properties of spatial configuration has been investigated، and the familiarity with environment is also considered as a moderating variable. Externalization Cognitive data، determination of the quantitative spatial properties Dezful’s built environment and to explain relations between them as important findings of this research are considered. To examine the proposed methodology with a variety of analytical capabilities، while offering recommendations for future research include investigation of other achievements.

This paper attempts to introduce the social، cultural and physical structure of castle and identify the impact of social، cultural، economic behaviors of residents in the formation of such a unique structure. This castle is considered as one of the few residential castles of Yazd and even Iran. The purpose of this research is to realize a pristine example of native architecture and to use its teachings to overcome life''s inconsistencies and fragmentations. In this study، the castle was studied with library and field methods. However، due to position of the castle on the hill slope and consequently the high slope of streets، it was not possible to draw a map based on a fixed height. But it was attempted to correct and complete the map (prepared by the University of Yazd) with the help of aerial photographs and the field search. In addition، a simple sketch was drawn from all available homes، which are reducing day to day. This article is based on the results of limited archaeological excavations، field research، historical study and critical review of the literature. It can be concluded that the castle structure which has been wrapped around a central core over time، is shaped on a social، cultural and religious philosophy. So، understanding the structure is not possible without understanding its concepts and they are inseparable entities.

Because of its long term civilization history، Iranian traditional architecture has seen a great amount of daylighting experiences، including 6 daylighting systems with 26 kinds of wall and ceiling windows. In this regard it has some valuable lessons to give to architectural community. Using field data collection and computer simulation، this article tries to find out the distribution and diversity of daylight in traditional houses to give some recommendation to contemporary architecture of Iran. To achieve this aim، “Ameri House Complex” in Kashan with 7 yards، 85 rooms in different sizes such as “3-door room”، “5-door room”، “7-door room” and halls located in north، south، south east and south west directions، has been chosen as a case study. In two days during spring and summer of 2011، and winter of 2012 the field study was performed to gather daylight data from 14 different chosen rooms of this house. A digital Lux meter data logger was used to gather the illumination data on the roof as the reference point. The exact size، dimension and the ceiling shape of each room were measured. Other properties of each room such as its location in the House and geographic orientation، its place in the yard، the location of the window in the room wall، ratio of the window area to the room area، ratio of the window glazed area to the frame area، and other details such as the materials، colors and shapes of the frame and glazed part of the window were recorded. Subsequently، using the criteria and calculating methods introduced in handbooks of lighting and daylighting، all the information were analyzed in four steps: 1- Room specification. 2- Geometry and neighborhood condition. 3- Analyzing the field data. 4- The illumination condition of each room in a whole year was simulated using Radiance Software. The results show the relationship between shape and condition of windows and space with interior daylighting distribution and quantity. These principles will be useful for architects to improve daylighting design in modern buildings.

Among the Safavid and especially Qajar periods works، many Orsies have remained in the Sanandaj houses. Orsi has had an especial degree، although these houses have many decorations. This study is to answer some questions and to prove some drawn hypothesis on its history، making and characteristic of the Orsi making in Sanandaj. In this study it has been applies to look at the importance and position of the Orsi in Sanandaj with historical and descriptive analytical approach. The evidences are marking the Safavid Period as a starting point، although the history of making and use of Orsi in Sanandaj is unclear. Thus، there are more strong evidences from the Qajar Period on the Orsi and Orsi Making in the residential houses of the Period، showing that the use of Orsi and Orsi making has notably expended as the Sanandaj can be called one the important centers of Orsi making during the Qajar period; The span of Orsi using is a mark showing that the business many people was this craft. Therefore، use and making of Orsi has such position and importance that there was some smaller one in each house of common people. In some houses with big scale sometimes more than 10 Orsies can be found. The resultant of paying attention about Orsi making shows the importance of its makers on the one hand and orienting the making process to supporters in case of element and decoration on the other hand. Thus، according to the varied samples، the Sanandaj Orsi making has impressively boomed and extended. The extension process was occurred due to several factors; the widespread welcome to Orsi making and existence of plural well skilled artists in this field can be mentioned; Since، the Orsi making require plenty of energy and time. By this extension، the creation of job and enlivening the Iranian Orsi making is provable. The important visible point during the process of design and making Orsi is their change and update with the changing of contemporary architecture، simultaneously. The extension and having Orsi in building has lead attention of its makers to make Orsi as the Orsies in Sanandaj remained Iranian Orsi making، while the local style is make it like other arts such as Carpet and Handicraft. Reconstructing or innovating of Orsi، relying on such rich background in Orsi making، it is necessary to try it with new and suitable planning to prevent not to be forgotten or destructed.

Islamic revolution with its ideals about independence from foreign forces brought a critical experience about for the professional body of building design to show their qualities in this field especially about building technology which has been of the main concern in modern era. But it is questionable if those ideals have enough roots in visions of the members of architectural society of Iran and what has happened to their views towards the matter in recent three decades. Based on professional journals of building and design industry، this article proposes a historical analysis of directions and views taken in this respect. It is a documentary research that aims to introduce causes of change in ideological change in the matter of technology among architects that is presented in five conceptual periods: 1. Technology for life which deals with first two years after revolution when no kind of technology import was possible or even desirable for revolutionist society; 2. Technology for survival which refers to days of imposed war when there was no priority unless being alive with minimum facilities; 3. Technology for production is the title chosen for short period after war during which main concern was reconstruction of demolished areas and housing for refugees of war; 4. Technology for consumption is the first time of theoretical conflict for architectural society of a revolutionist country; while the profession along with upper classes tend to consumerist technology the mass of society needs some low-tech productive one; since the architectural society chooses to work for the sake of upper classes، it is world currents that guide its visions not local realities، so the next two periods are some alienated trends from real needs of the nation- i. e. 5. Technology for technology &6. Technology for Power that refers to a coincidence of governmental approach and world changes of architectural technology. The main result of the analysis is that rootedness of architecture in renaissance custom of detachment of architect from society makes it very difficult to have a building professional body which takes needs as well as ideals of the people as its main concern and always tends to return to its consumerist mode of thought.