نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 84، فروردین 1393)

The side effect of cyclophosphamide is to reduce fertility or even sterility in men treated with these medications. This study was performed to improve these side effects. In the present experimental study, 15 male mice (20-25 g) were divided into three groups. The control group was treated with 0.1cc of saline daily. The sham group received 15 mg/kg cyclophosphamide once a week and the experimental group was treated with 200 mg/kg Crocin intraperitoneally along with cyclophosphamide. Five weeks after injection total antioxidant capacity of serum was measured. The testes were studied for histological and morphometric parameters. The collected data was analyzed by ANOVA. Histomorphometrical study indicated that epithelial thickness, diameter of seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells of experimental group was significantly greater than sham controls (p<0.05). Mean distribution of mast cells in the sham group compared to the experimental group showed a significant increase (p<0.05). Additionally, positive PAS reaction, alkaline phosphatase and vegetable fat in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells of sham control were observed, whereas in the other groups not seen. In addition, total antioxidant capacity of sham group decreased significantly compared to the control and experimental groups with the sham control and experimental groups ((p<0.05). in general Crocin could significantly prevent the side effects of cyclophosphamide therapy.

Herbal medicine has been used to relieve pain around the world for many years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of ethanol extract on the aerial parts of Salvia aethiopis in NMRI mice. In the present experimental study, 126 mice (NMRI) were randomly selected and used for formalin, hot plate and acetic acid test. In every experiment there were seven groups of six mice.The rats were administrated with Salvia aethiopis extract at concentrations of (1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body wt.) or morphine at concentration of (10 mg/kg body wt.) as the standard drug. The intact animals were used as controls and the control group was treated with saline. In the formalin test, formalin was injected into the dorsal surface of the right paw. The animals were observed for 45 min after injection of formalin and pain scores were recorded. After formalin injection, the pain rated from 0 to 5 min (early phase) and 15-45 min (second phase) were counted. In hot plate test, rats were placed on an aluminum hot plate kept at a temperature of 55 ± 0.5°C for a maximum time of 30 s. Reaction time was recorded when the animals licked their fore and hind paws and jumped at 0 and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after intraperitoneal administration of the extract. In acetic acid experiment, the induced pain was counted by acetic acid administration. The number of abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid were subsequently counted. The analgesic activity of the abdominal contractions were inhibited. The data were expressed as mean values ± SEM and tested, using analysis of one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the extract decreased only the second phase of formalin-induced pain (p<0.05). the extract reduced the cramps induced by acetic acid (p<0.05). In the hot plate test, the ethanolic extract was able to increase the pain threshold during 60 min. The present data indicated that this plant had an antinociceptive effect on the mice, but more research is needed to clarify the mechanism of action of the analgesic effect of ethanolic extract of Salvia aethiopis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of adult stem cells which is an appropriate source for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rat mesenchymal cells and soluble factors on the function of peripheral blood neutrophils. This experimental study was conducted on rat mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal cells obtained from bone marrow of the femur and Tybaof 6-8 week rats and were cultured in DMEM. After maturation, the mesenchymal cells and supernatant at ratios of 1:4, 1:2 and 3:4 were adjacent with peripheral blood neutrophil phagocytosis. Subsequently, the respiratory burst of neutrophils, the yeast phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium test was evaluated for revival. The Data were analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA and Tukey's test (p ˂0.05). The rates of phagocyted neutrophil treated with MSCs compared to controls were decreased.This reduction was not statistically significant (p ˂0.05).The phagocitic cell in the rats of the treated group with supernatant compared to the control group in all three ratios of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4 increased significantly (p ˂0.05. by the increase in the ratio was observed (05/0> p). Respiratory burst of neutrophils treated with mesenchymal stem cells compared to the control group significantly decreased. Respiratory burst was increased in the groups treated with cell supernatant at ratios of 1:2 only (P˂0.05). Mesenchymal cell-cell interaction with neutrophils was remarkable for therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with neutrophil function in response to physiological and pathological cell therapy with MSCs.

A lot of physical and chemical factors cause infertility disorders. Cadmium is a chemical agent which damages the cell structure of the reproductive system. For reducing the effects of various factors, new traditional methods have been used. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Aloe vera extract on testicular tissue of rats induced by cadmium chloride. In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (180-200 gr) were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 received Cadmium chloride (1/5 mg / kg/ IP). Mice induced by cadmium chloride were treated with Aloe vera. Control and normal rats were treated with 400 mg/kg of Aloe vera extracts. After 25 days, these rats were weighed and then anesthetized using ether. Blood samples were collected from each individual to assess the level of testosterone and then the animals were debriefed. The testes were removed and transferred to 10% formalin solution. After tissue processing, 5 micron sections were prepared and stained with heamatoxillin-eosin and investigated by light microscope. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Mean seminiferous tubular diameter, number of spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cell of cadmium control group compared to the healthy control group showed a significant decrease (p<)0.05). The mean sperm count and sperm motility in extract cadmium group and healthy control group was close to normal and displayed a significant difference (p< 0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of Aloe vera increases the number of spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli testicular tissue of mice contaminated with cadmium chloride.

In traditional medicine, Passiflora caerulea is used as a pain relieving and neurogenic malaise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of Passiflora caerulea extract in mature male rats. In this study, 42 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: control, MEPC (80, 100 and 300 mg/kg, i.p.) Morphine (1mg/kg, i.p.), indomethacin (10mg/kg, i.p.), and naloxone (100 mg/kg, i.p.) were used. In order to evaluate the analgesic effect of the extract, test ratings, tail-flick and formalin were used. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. 80-300 mg doses of the extract showed significant inhibitory effects on the response of chronic phase of formalin test and the ratings test (p <.0.05). Although there was an increase in tail flick extract, but in this case, the effect induced by morphine was lower compared to controls. The analgesic effect doses of 300 mg kg of indomethacin was significantly higher than chronic phase of formalin (p <0.05). The analgesic effect of Passiflora caerulea, especially in the chronic phase of formalin test was observed, this effect may be due to the presence of flavonoids and tannins found in plants, which its analgesic effect has been proven in the past.

Malaria is considered to be a major health problem in many countries. The aim of this study was to identify new species of Culicidae larval habitat of Anopheles and to determine their distribution in the Kohgiloye and Boyer province, Iran. In the present cross-sectional study, the larval habitats of three cities (including Yasuj, Dehdasht and Gachsaran) of Kohgiloye and Boyer Ahmad province was conducted during 2012. Samples were collected with a scoop by ladle handling for Entomology. The collected Larvae were canned in Lactophenol solution with features and code related transferred to entomology laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The microscopic slides were prepared using a Lekidofore solution and were identified with key valid diagnosis. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 11.5. A total of 1043 samples of mosquito larvae were identified in different parts of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad in 2 genera and 12 species. These identified species were: Anopheles (Cellia)superpictus Grassi, An.(Cel.)fluviatilis James, An.(Cel.)dthali Patton, An.(Cel.)turkhudi Liston, An.(Cel.)stephensi Liston, An.(Cel.) subpictus Grassi, An.(Anopheles)sacharovi Favre, Cx.(Cux.)theileri Theobad, Cx.(Cux.)sitiens Wiedemann, Cx.(Cux.)pipens Linnaeus, Cx.(Cux.)pusillus Macquart, Cx.(Cux.)perxiguus Theobald. Culex pipens larvae was predominant and Cx.(Cux.)sitiens, Cx.(Cux.)perxiguus, An.sacharovi were found as the lowest larvae. Culicidae Culex mosquito larvae was the highest and the lowest species were Cx.(Cux.)sitiens, Cx.(Cux.)perxiguus, An.sacharovi. Culex pipens was the dominant species. Exclusive molecular and morphological studies will be essential to identify the malaria vectors, An.stephensi complex and An.superpictus complex in this area.

The issue of marital infidelity is considered as an increasing concern in our society, which is associated with instability in relationships and high rate of divorce.The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of marital adjustment and the quality of love in the applicants with a history of divorce and marital infidelity. In this qualification-analytical, cross-sectional study performed in 2012 in the Fars welfare organization, 90 people were selected by available sampling and classified into three groups with a history of marital infidelity and divorce, divorce without a history of marital infidelity and controls. Three individual groups completed the Inventory Adjustment Scale and Sternberg's love triangle. Subjects with a history of marital infidelity completed questionnaires of regarding love triangle scale again regarding upon their marital relationship. Data were analyzed by dependent t-test and ANOVA. Significant differences were observed among divorce group and various aspects of marital love triangle (P<0/001).Results also revealed that there was a significant difference between the groups with and without marital infidelity, from the view point of intimacy, passion and anxiousness, commitment, and decision in relationship (P<0/001). Investigating the quality of love in individuals with marital infidelity showed differences in all aspects of Sternberg`s love triangle in relationship with wife and ultra-marital relationships (P<0/001). Marital incompatibility alone is not a strong reason for marital infidelity in hard conditions of life and according to the research’s results. The most significant factor in attracting for ultra- marital relationship and the quality of the relationship and love between couples were the quality of the relationship and love between couples.

Despite the wide variety methods of psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, still a significant number of patients do not respond to treatment or show a low relatively improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy in reducing the early severity of maladaptive schemas of male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. The present experimental study was conducted on three male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Twenty one sessions of therapy was performed according to the Young's model scheme for changing the rate and severity of early maladaptive schemas on the subjects at the end of the protocol and were reassessed follow-up treatment during the two-month. Research tools consisted of a short questionnaire form of the Young, Schema Questionnaire, Young Compensation Inventory, and Young Shun - vote, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Scale, Clinician Administered PSDS, Mississippi for post-traumatic stress disorder and comprehensive international diagnostic interview. The findings showed that the Schema therapy reduced the severity of maladaptive schemas in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and follow-up period of treatment indicates the consistency of treatment. Schema therapy targeting the root growth impairment and restructuring of maladaptive schemas able to treat persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and decreased their incompatible schemas activity.