مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال دوازدهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 59، اسفند 1392)

The vital role of CT scan of brain has been demonstrated not only in traumatic intracranial emergencies but also in non-traumatic intracranial emergencies. Interpretation and reading the results of CT scan of Brain for the physicians working in emergency wards has become a necessity. Since in all the medical centers، the access to a radiologist is not possible، at all hours in the present study، we decided to evaluate the skill of both physicians and interns emergency wards in interpreting the CT Scan of brain in the university hospitals of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was performed on 64 interns and general practitioners who were working in the Emergency wards of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences hospitals who voluntierd to participate in the study. Ten standard brains CT scans were given to the participants for interpretation. Then، the rate of correct answers and the level of self-confidence of the responses were statically analyzed (chi-square and Fisher’s exact test). The results showed the mean scores among the respondents who had passed the neurology course and respondents who had not yet passed the course were significantly different and the same difference was seen among physicians in term of their working experience. Also، confidence level was different between physicians and interns. On the other hand، this parameter was significantly different among the interns who had passed the neurology course and the interns who had not yet passed the course. Male confidence level scores were more than the female score among intern. The results showed، experience is the most important factor that could increase the confidence level score، so education programs should be conducted to increase the ability of both interns and physicians working in the emergency wards in reading and interpreting CT scan images.

Research on schizotypal personality in general population may provide a particular opportunity to study the different markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia without the confounding effects of long term hospitalization، medication and severe psychotic symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the some demographic characteristics and the psychotic like traits. The current study conducted in cross sectional research context. A group of 482 (294 female and 188 male) normal participants from faculties of Shahidmadani University in the academic year 2008-2009 was selected randomly (Mean age= 24، 58±1. 44)، and answered to The Oxford- Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (OLIFE). Data were analyzed using Pearson''s correlation coefficient، multiple regression and independent t test. Results suggested that only marriage status was significantly related to psychotic like traits (p<0. 05، b=0. 093)، and single students، in contrast to married، had significantly increased schizotypy scores (p<0. 001، t=4. 31). Men have higher mean scores on impulsive nonconformity factor (p<0. 001، t= 3. 49)، and there are no differences on total and other factors of schizotypy. With respect to other demographic factors، results showed the effects are neglectable. Results were explained in light of fear of intimacy and aloneness symptoms in people with schizotypal traits.

Worry is a common, and potentially disabling, feature among many individuals with anxiety. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation styles and thought action fusion with students worry. This a cross- sectional study. Includes 200 students of East Azerbaijan in 2012-2013 academic years that have been selected by cluster sampling method in several phases. Cognitive emotion regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short), Penn state Worry Questionnaire and revised Thought-Action Fusion questionnaires (TAF-R) have been used for data collection. The data was analyzed by pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that acceptance (r= -0.221, p= 0.002), positive refocus (r= -0.262, p= 0.001) and refocus on planning strategies (r= -0.322, p= 0.001) were all in significant negative correlation with worry. But catastrophizing strategies (r= 0.379, p= 0.001) had a significant positive correlation with worry. Also responsibility for positive thoughts (r= 0.674, p= 0.001) and responsibility for harm avoidance thoughts (r=0.577, p = 0.001) had a significant positive correlation with worry. The results of multi-variable correlation coefficient with enter method indicated that cognitive emotion regulation strategies and (R2=29%) also thought-action fusion factors has (R2=54.6%). Have a role in explaining worry. The results indicated correlation between the TAF and maladaptive strategies with worry. Thus, it seems that occurrence of cognitive bias such as TAF and maladaptive strategies increase the individual’s vulnerability to worry.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important causes of disability and absenteeism in the world. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among university office workers. This cross-sectional study was done with a census appproach on 400 employees of administrative systems at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Data was collected based on Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire in three sections: the first section included demographic characteristics, the second section included identifying the 9 areas of the body which can cause musculoskeletal problems and the third section included additional questions relating to 9 areas of the body. Data ware analyzed using t-test and chi-square and Binary Logistic Regression. Two hundred and sixty six (66.5%) of participants reported musculoskeletal symptoms during the past 12 months and had felt pain and inconvenience in at least one of the 9 areas of the body. The highest prevalence of pain was found in the areas of neck (32.3%) and lower back (32.3%) and the lowest prevalence of pain was in the areas of foot/ankle (6.5%) and elbow (7%). Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper (p=0.028) and lower (p=0.001) limbs were significantly higher in women than in men. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders increased in people with more than 5 years of work history (p= 0.011) and lower job satisfaction (p=0.024). This study showed that women, with low job satisfaction and more than 5 years work history were strongly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, paying more attention to these people can play an important role to decrease disorder among university office workers.

Scientific findings are noted began occurrence of risk factors in childhood particularly concerned with changes in the pattern of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle. Evidence suggests that some people, despite having normal cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, are still prone to cardiovascular disease. However, those at risk for clinical detection of atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) should be specifically evaluated for certain clinical indicators. The purpose of this study is to document the effect of a four weeks circuit training program on the level of plasma fibrinogen in trained wrestlers. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 20 young wrestlers from Khorasan (mean age 19.7 years, BMI 25.5 kg/m2 and 3 to 5 years experience in wrestling) in 2012. Subjects during the Calling, voluntarily chosen and randomly divided into control (n=10) and experimental (n=10) groups. Subjects of experimental group received eight sessions per week for four weeks (four days in the morning and evening shifts) were exercised; that each training session was dedicated to wrestling and circuit training based on wrestling techniques. Subjects of control group did not perform any exercise in four weeks. Weight, body fat percentage, BMI and fibrinogen were measured before and after exercise. Independent two-sample t-test and paired t-test were used compare variable mean. The Results showed that subjects of experimental group in the amount of body fat, (7% decrease; p=0.002) weight (3.5% decrease; p<0.001), BMI (2% decrease; p<0.001), and fibrinogen (8% decrease; p=0.014) significantly reduced after circuit training. Generally four-week circuit training based on wrestling techniques significantly reduced plasma fibrinogen and appears to reduce body fat percentage of subjects (which is evident in this study) is the reason for the decrease in plasma fibrinogen in experimental subjects which ultimately leads to reduced risk of coronary artery disease and ultimately reducing heart strokes in athletes.

Avicenniaceae family is a member of true mangrove plants which has one genus, 11 species and several sub species. According to biologically active compounds and traditional uses of the leaves in the traditional medician it, seems that this plant has significant anti-fungal effects. The aim of this study was evaluation of antifungal effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Avicennia marina leaves against Alternaria alternata and Penicillium citrinum. In this labratory study antifungal effect were of extracts evaluated by two methods, “Collins method” and “disk agar diffusion method” on Alternaria alternata PTCC 5224 and Penicillium citrinum PTCC 5304 microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for both species were determined using “dilution method”. Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. All methanolic extract concentrations had inhibitory effect in the disk agar diffusion method. In “Collins method” 2 mg/ml concentration of methanolic extract could prevent the growth of both strains on medium. The aqueous extract had no antifungal significant effect in 2 mg/ml concentration. The methanolic extract MIC of Avicennia marina leaves for Penicillium citrinum and Alternaria alternata were respectively 8 mg/ml and 16 mg/ml. But the aqueous extracts MIC of Avicennia marina leaves for Penicillium citrinum was 32 mg/ml and 64 mg/ml for Alternaria alternata was. The methanolic extract MFC of Avicennia marina leaves for Penicillium citrinum and Alternaria alternata were respectively 16 mg/ml and 32 mg/ml but the aqueous extracts MFC of Avicennia marina leaves for Penicillium citrinum was 64 mg/ml and 256 mg/ml for Alternaria alternata. The methanolic extract of Avicennia marina leaves had more inhibitory effect than the aqueous extracts on both fungal species.

Candida species are an important component of the resident microbial ecology of the oral cavity and are associated with various forms of oral candidosis when appropriate predisposing factors exist. Removable denture wearing is recognized as a predisposing factor for oral colonization by Candida species. The purpose of this study was to compare the colonization of different Candida species in the oral cavity of denture wearers and subjects with natural teeth. In this cross sectional study, conducted in 2009, we compared oral candida flora in 84 subjects who had worn complete removable dentures and 96 subjects with natural teeth referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran were compared. All samples were obtained from oral cavity by swab and cultured on CHOROM agar Candida. All isolated colonies were also cultured on cornmeal agar medium and non-albicans species were identified by using RapID Yeast Plus System. The statistical analysis was performed using t-test and Poisson test. In this study 76.2% (n=64) of subjects with removable denture and 47.9% (n=46) of subjects natural teeth were colonized by candida species in the oral cavity (p=0.001). The most common isolated species were candida albicans and non-albicans species were C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. kefyr in the two groups. The differences between oral candida albicans colonization in denture wearers (64.3% or 54 subjects) and subjects whit natural teeth(39.6% or 38 subjects) were statistically significant (p=0.001). Removable denture wearing can lead to an increase in the oral colonization by Candida species. Therefore, oral cavity may become a source for opportunistic infections.

Health locus of control is one of the most widely measured parameters of health belief for the planning of health education programs which plays an important role on the health improvements and education. This study was performed to assess health locus of control among the students at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. This cross sectional study was conducted on 267 students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences selected by stratified random sampling in 2012. Data were collected by demographic checklist and Form “B” of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive (numbers، mean، percent and standard deviation) and analytic (Mann-Whitney، Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation) tests. Three dimensions of health locus of control scores were determined to be 26. 8±5. 3 for internal locus of control، 16. 9±3. 9 for chance locus of control and 21. 9±4. 8 for others locus of control. According to spearman correlation test، a positive and significant relationship was found between internal locus of control dimension and others locus of control dimension (p<0. 001، rs=0. 220). Further، it was determined that Health Locus of Control score did not have a significant relation with demographic characteristics such as students’ age، gender، number of siblings، birth order، field of study، parent’s education، and parent’s occupation (p>0. 05). Since the most scores were pertaining to internal locus of control dimension and fewer scores were pertaining to chance locus of control dimension، it can be conclude that according to the students the most influential significant factor on students’ health is their performance and chance has less influence on their health.