فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1392)

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of drug use among students of universities of Medical Sciences in Tehran. Four thousands of medical students (both sexes) in academic year 1388-89 in different level of education، B. A.، M. Sc. and Ph. D. were selected by random stratified sampling method. These students were selected from Iran، Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences considering their sex and level of education. We used drug use prevalence questionnaire. The most prevalent drug of abuse in life time period was qalyan (classical pipe)، followed by cigarette، and alcohol. The least frequent drug of abuse was Shisheh، followed by heroine krack. As we expected، drugs morphine، ritalin and tramadol were placed in forth، fifth and sixth of prevalent drugs. Use of different substances was significantly more prevalent in male students. Using soft drugs (qalyan، cigarette and alcohol) was more prevalent than hard drugs (hashish، taryak، heroine kerack) among Universities Medical Sciences of Tehran. Similar to drug use pattern in society، use of all of drugs were more prevalent in male students. We should pay special attention to use of drugs such as tramadol، ritalin، petedin and morphine.

This study aimed to predict addictability among the students, based on demographic variables, academic procrastination, and interpersonal variables, and also to study the prevalence of addictability among these students. The participants were 500 students (260 females, 240 males) selected through a stratified random sampling among the students in Islamic Azad University Branch Abadan. The participants were assessed through Individual specification inventory, addiction potential scale and Aitken procrastination Inventory. The findings showed %23/6 of students’ readiness for addiction. Men showed higher addictability than women, but age wasn’t an issue. Also variables such as economic status, age, major, and academic procrastination predicted %13, and among interpersonal variables, the variables of having friends who use drugs and dissociated family predicted %13/2 of the variance in addictability. This study contains applied implications for addiction prevention.

The researches showed that the modification of peoples’ attitude toward narcotic substances from positive to negative could be effective on inhibition of tendency and suffering of narcotics. The aim of present research was the study of students’ attitudes toward narcotics and determination of the role of legal and family forbiddances, inaccessibly to narcotics and trust to self. The research method was sectional survey study. In order to access to the aims the interest toward narcotics scale was administered among 400 students of Dezfol city that selected by clustering random sampling. factor analysis showed one factor in the scale. Reliability for total, boys, and girls students were 0.77, 0.81, and 0.70 respectively. The results of prevalence rate indicated that 18.3% of students sometimes thinking about narcotics, 12.5% of students interested to use narcotics even onetime, 11.8% of students considered the use of narcotics dreamy, 4.5% of students believed that the use of narcotics even onetime is worth the trouble, and 1.5% of students believed that the use of narcotics is appropriate for entertainment and funny. 10.5% of students indicated that they interested to use cigarettes. Also, the results showed if there was not legal and family forbiddances 9.3%, and 6.5% of students respectively used narcotics probably. In prediction of narcotics use legal and family forbiddances, inaccessibly of narcotics are important.

the purpose of this study was to study relationship between interaction parent-child with addictability rate and heterosexual orientation in students. The statistical population consisted of all students of Guilan University in 2012-2013 academic year, which among them a sample of 200 students were selected by random cluster sampling method and they completed preparation to addiction scale; relationship between parent–child scale and attitude and heterosexual orientation before marriage. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between addictability in female students and male students with relationship with father, and positive affect, interlace and communication subscales. The relationship between female students’ addictability with relationship with mother and positive affect, hurt and confusion and communication subscales was observed significant negative correlation, also there is a significant negative relationship between male students’ addictability with the relationship with mother. There is significant negative relationship between heterosexual orientations in male students with relation with father, positive affects and interlace. Results of regression analysis showed that relationship with father and relationship with mother can anticipate addict ability in female and male students. If parents cannot establish an appropriate and constructive interaction with their child cause child face with affection and emotional deprivation and this poor emotional and affection deprivation may cause he or she bring to the addict ability and heterosexual orientation.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between individual and family religiosity with substance abuse. In other side because of the importance of prevention and the role of people beliefs about the causes of substance use/ non-use in this area, the relationship between (university) students’ beliefs about drug and their consequences with amount of the substance use was explored. Study sample included 270 students (128 females and 142 males) from the University of Shiraz that were selected by multistage cluster sampling. They completed religious orientation questionnaire, family religiosity questionnaire and drug questionnaire. Results indicated significant negative relationship between individual religiosity in general and amount of substance use. however, the relationship between drug use and family religiosity was not found. Also, there was significant negative correlation between believing the consequences (mostly physical and mental) and rate of substance use. According to this results, religious beliefs and considering the consequences of substance use play important role in reducing substance use.

The present study was conducted to compare the characteristics of borderline personality, anger, hostility and aggression in addicts with and without suicide ideation. This research was and the causal-comparative research method which is categorized in descriptive one. Sample in this study was included 300 addicts referred to the addiction treatment clinic in Semnan province. By convenience sampling with considering of entry criteria 300 addicts selected and based on the suicidal ideation scores were categorized to two groups with and without suicide ideation. Suicide ideation, buss and Perry’s aggression and borderline personality questionnaires administered among selected sample. Borderline personality traits, anger, hostility and aggression were higher in suicidal addicts in comparison of non-suicidal. Seems essential screening and identifying addicts which features high aggression and borderline personality for prevention of suicide.

The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness in the prevention of relapse in drug abusers. Using a quasi experimental design, 90 male drug abusers who had undergone detoxification were selected from among all detoxified individuals referred to drug rehabilitation centers in the City of Tehran. Patients were placed randomly in three groups: Mindfulness training intervention, behavioral drug reduction counseling and a control group in which no intervention was applied. Diagnosis of drug abuse was made using structured clinical interview for diagnosing axis I disorders on DSMIV (SCID-I) as well as tests to measure morphine levels in the blood. Fisher test was used to compare groups. Patients were assessed two weeks and two months after the intervention as follow up measure. Results show that both intervention groups were effective in preventing relapse as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the effectiveness of mindfulness training and BDRC was about the same. There were no significant differences between patients with and without experience of drug abuse and married and single patients. Both mindfulness training and BDRC may be considered effective practical methods in reducing the risk of relapse in male drug abusers.

This research with purpose of impression of recognition–manner group iatrical is done on change to invertebrate extinct beliefs and person`s life quality related to amphetamine. thus have inspected 127 reference diseased to matters abusing iatrical centers of Arak city with questionnaire help of Jonz invertebrate extinguish (with 0.71 cronbakh alpha of persons to high marks) and life quality questionnaire (with 0.7 cronbakh alpha of persons to low marks). Then selected 30 diseased as situations possessing and holding and they reset to random replacing in two groups of examination and control (15 bodies in every group). So the method of recognition–manner group iatrical applied on examination group and the end again both groups have assessment with mentioned questionnaires. Obtained information of questionnaires, have been analysis through multi-parameter covariance analysis test. The obtains shown to difference of marks and scours of recognition–manner group iatrical is meaning in comparison to control group on reducing invertebrate extinct beliefs and increasing of person’s life quality related to amphetamine. The results of the research shown that recognition–manner group iatrical is effective to management to parameters of invertebrate extinct beliefs and person’ life quality related to amphetamine.

from a meta-cognitive stand point, psycho-cognitive disorders are concluded by activating of kind of incompatible thoughts that causes to improve meta-cognitive defects and continue of emotions. So, the aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of meta-cognitive therapy in improving substance abuse patients. this quasi-experimental research was conducted with pre-test, with a follow-up design. Substance abuse disorders patients visited in addictive withdrawal clinics in Esfahan city, 45 patients were selected through the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into one control and two experimental groups. The craving believes questioner and substance-related believes questioner were used as pre-test measures. The experimental groups received 8 metacognitive therapy sessions in groups, while the control group received no treatment, at the end of sessions post-test was measured by the same questioners and the data were analyzed via multivariate covariance statistic method. The results of the analysis of multivariate covariance showed that MCT had a significant effect in reducing craving and substance-related believes. By the result of this research, the effect of metacognitive therapy is confirmed in improving of craving and substance-related believes as two predictive factors of inclining to use of substances.