نشریه تحقیقات تاریخ اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

Jobs and income sources are among the social history elements and analyzing their types، scopes، origins and dimensions can reveal new aspects of people’s life in the past. The relative inattention of common historical resources to the social history leads us to use other resources which are not classified as historical resources at the first glance. Poetry books can be cited as one of this type of resources. In these poetry books، many of issues and elements related to social life of people are addressed. Extracting and collecting data about them is a new way in order to understand the concept and reality of people’s life in the past. Using a descriptive approach and by investigating into and classifying the jobs and income sources in five different poetry books from Iranian poets living during the 14th and 15th centuries، this research attempts to find out to what extent the jobs and income sources in these poetry books are influenced by religious teachings. This study reveals that between the time of Mogul invasion destructions and the developments during Safavid dominion in Iran، religious teachings had a strong impact on religion-related jobs including three types of jobs namely jobs related to religious worships (three jobs)، administration of social-religious rules (three jobs) and education and promotion of religion (four jobs); and also on religious-based jobs including two types of jobs namely the ones related to administration of religious rules and ceremonies (five jobs)، building and management of religious places (three jobs) as well as income sources (four jobs).

Scattered writings in the Qajar period are indicative of Damavand’s prosperity and favorable conditions in that era. Selection of Tehran as the capital made a great impact on the economic and social development of Damavand. Damavand had its own social and economic capabilities due to its natural status، geographical and climatic state and the capitalization of Tehran highlighted all those capacities. By investigating into the social and economic situation of Damavand in one part of the Qajar era، this study aims at identification of potentials and capabilities of Damavand and assessment of their effect on the development and progress of Damavand in that period of time. The significant factors that paved the way of the development of Damavand are discussed in this study in five areas including climatic conditions، economic factors، geographical location، political and administrative status، and cultural conditions.

The urban poor in Tabriz including daily-paid laborers، street vendors، porters، the unemployed، beggars and slum residents rose up in support for the Constitutional Revolution. Although they did not have enough information about the Constitutional Revolution، people encouraged the leaders and joined the queue of Constitutionalists hoping to get free from the unfair behaviors and access the welfare in life. A group of fighters was formed and the poor joined them. Some of them participated in the war and also some helped the Constitutionalists in building the forts، breaking the walls and guarding. Despite living in difficult situation، they never left the Constitutionalists alone. In this paper، we try to assess how the poor people of Tabriz joined the constitutionalists and supported them and what was their role in the revolution. We also attempt to answer this hypothesis according to which when the poor people are led by the elite in the society، a strong force can be formed that is able to resist to any military power. The poor people of Tabriz too endured the poverty and the difficult situations and resist to Muhammad Ali Shah forces

Economic crises that intensified gradually in the Naserid era had consequences like starvation and high price of bread. In most cases، high prices and bread starvation in urban societies led to bread-related riots and mass protests against the government. The discredit on the economy and the government was the result of these riots and made the government concerned and fearful. The Qajar government whose relation with people was based on traditional pattern of Shah and subjects suppressed these disturbances. In this pattern، there was no opportunity for the mass protests against the government. Violent riots often made the government back out against the demands of people. Repeated bread-related riots affected the above said relation، though they didn’t lead to transformation of this traditional relation. The goal of this descriptive analytic research is to assess the effect of bread-related riots on the relations between people and the government in Naserid era so as to clarify some signs of these effects

Since the middle of Arsacid Empire to the end of the Sassanid era، Armenia had always been the center of conflicts between these two great ancient powers، Iranians and Romans. Armenia was one of the Iranian Satrapies in the Achaemenid period named Armenia. In an agreement with the Roman government، a branch of Arsacid royal family ruled there since the second half of the first century AD. Following the rise of the Sassanid Empire، Armenians who regarded them as usurper of Parthian power began their resistance to them in extending their power in this area. Acceptance of Christianity in Armenia during Tiri dates the Great in 301 AD led to the development of tensions between the Sassanid and Armenia; especially when some of the Sassanid kings at this time tried to impose Zoroastrianism in Armenia. Using historical research methodology and on the basis of the existing evidence، this paper aims at studying the Sassanid policy in Zoroastrianzation of the Armenia for political purposes. This paper will show that none of these attempts were successful and Armenia remained a Christian country. Nonetheless، it is shown that despite these religious upheavals، Armenians remained as a partner and collaborator with Iranians.

The present research attempts to find out how the human resources were provided in Anglo-Persian Oil Company in Abadan and Masjid Soleyman. Different factors attracted nomads to oil-rich cities. We also discuss the motivations that led people to immigrate from other cities and villages to oil-rich regions. Oil industry development led to population movement، job change and formation of industrial labor stratum in Iran’s southern oil-rich regions. The present descriptive-analytic research emphasizes the existing documents and evidence in Iran and UK archives. History from below is the methodology and theory used in this study which deals with writing the history of the subaltern in the oil industry. In other words، it can be said that history from below is a different account of social history. In such an approach، the historian tries to find the common people’s role in the social developments. The findings indicate that the activity of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in the south of Iran led to the establishment of facilities and refineries. Employment of nomads and villagers as labor in the vast oil industry، enjoying relative safety، stable financial facilities and health services caused people to emigrate from different places to the oil-rich Khūzestan region. Thus، a great step was taken towards strengthening the labor class in Iran.