فصلنامه ادبیات و علوم انسانی
پیاپی 26-27 (پاییز و تابستان 1391)

Different means have been used in the Islamic society to expand religious background. One of the most important effective backgrounds is literature in the scope of religion preaching. The Persian literature has always been fixed with religion and its aspects since many years ago. In this study, religion and its aspects have been studied in one of the fields of children literature. Therefore, children’s story books on the prophets’ lives are studied. The most important contents mentioned in this study are classified. The weak and strong points are mentioned, too،…،…، …، ،…،…، …، ،…،…، …،

Neo- classicism commonly means the retrieval of style and having a look to the past literature. It is a kind of return to standards and rules of writing and in spite of some differences in the content of the works, is more often inclined toward those classic principles. Constitution (Mashroote) poem in contrast with poems before it is regarded as Neo- classicism in contrast with classicism. Neo classicism's principles are: imitating the nature and the ancients, following the mind and wisdom, abridgment and clarity, fact-showing, graveness and three unity rules which can be seen in Lahootee's poems. Imitation of nature in this era is not pure imitation and its goal is to recreate the human precious nature. Also, imitating the ancients has been illustrated through contention with ancient poets, composing eulogy and odes, following wisdom in innovation in poetry, changing the poem style, imitation from European poems, learning, comparison of west and east, use of European words, etc. fact-showing in his political, social, homey poems, his moral and religious contents, and clarity and simplicity lie in the closeness to colloquial language, the use of scientific words, avoiding the ambiguity, etc. there are also graveness and fact-showing in his poems, but the three unity rule was not found in his works

One of the talented and poetic gifted poets in Qajar Dynasty is Asef Ghahfarokhi. The poems of this anonymous poet show his artistic soul and mastership in poetry. He associated the poetical senses with pleasant poetical figures. One of the poetical figures is simile. Simile has different types and can be considered in respect of 2 compared entities, structure, form, theme, and so on. In this essay, we want to consider Asef’s similes in a thematic point of view to show the way he creates his poetic similes. Furthermore, a part of the essay has assigned to study the other eloquently figures associated with simile figure in Asef’s poetry.

The present article investigated the manifestation of animals and birds in Naser Khosro's poems. In his poems, animals can be considered as the most important characters in artificial imaginations. By expressing the behavioral matters, Naser Khosro mostly used these elements in similes. However, criticizing political-social circumstances and his opponents, he used them as symbols and metaphors. Naser Khosro cared about the common believes and thoughts of the society about animals and birds. Occasionally, his point of view was different from other literal works. Although he paid attention to some visual aspects of animals such as their elegance, inelegance, eye, paw, and feather, he mostly used their inner aspects and their behaviors in his picturesque lyrics.

Einolgozzate Hamedani is one of the greatest mystics of sixth centuries A.H. His works indicate magnificent thoughts, so that made Iran prose literature more priceless. The present study investigated the position of heart in letters and contrivances of Einolgozzate Hamedani. He divided heart into two types. He knows Quran as the best way of purification of the heart. Moreover, he reminded the heart as the best expounder of the law and mufti. Due to the expansion and grandeur of the heart, it has been considered as the merciful throne and divine memory, and God's purpose of humankind's creation. It has been addressed to the effect of the heart on the effective comprehension of Quran. In order to indicate these manifestations in this research, lateral sources and related to mysticism are accounted. Altogether, heart and Quran are positive according to the terms and the heart is the main tool and place for communication with. The heart and divine memory and the glorification of the heart have been referred. This study is descriptive and the objective quotation of the subject. Thus, at first, the word heart is investigated in terms of lexical and terms then the status of the heart is studied from Einolgozzat viewpoint.

In the present study, Anvari's odes were evaluated based on sociological criticism. This review concerns the opinions and views of Marxist critique of sociologists such as Lucien Goldmann and Lukacs and then matches their views with Anvari's odes. At first, sociopolitical changes in Anvari's odes were investigated. Then, the effects of these changes on his poetry were scrutinized. The results showed a relatively high impact and interaction of society and its evolution in Anvari's poetry. Afterward, the aesthetic side of his odes was socially and psychologically studied such as figures of speech (simile, equilibrium, analogy, exaggeration, etc.). The results also showed a pretty close relationship between society and individual's psyche (communal unconsciousness-individual unconsciousness) in Anvari's poems.

In Nezami’s poems, particularly Haft Peikar and Eskandarnameh, colors get a symbolic aspect in many cases. Regarding what Nezami himself mentioned about each color and what has been declared in psychology of colors, it has been attempted to propose an interpretation for some symbols of poems. Moreover, in his works, a reference has been made to faith and Islam by green, celestial aspects by blue, exultation by yellow, enthusiasm and attempting for triumph by red, innocence and sublimity by black and all the negative aspects of this color and his view about blacks. In addition, albeit it has been determined that Nezami symbolizes good omen by light brown in Haft Peikar, he doesn’t consider this specific color to imply such concept per se.