فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی
پیاپی 4 (بهار 1392)

For environmental safety and reduce the effect of pesticide, for first time we used the enthomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium muscarium and Ferula assafoetida extractfor Biological control of key pest that have wide damages to our crops. We isolate the pathogenic strain KB512 of enthomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium muscarium from the soil and recognized. The pathogencity test was carried out with direct insect spray. Bioassay with concentration 1×108 conidi / ml were tested and the control were sprayed by 0/01٪tween 80 in distilled water after spraying the pest. Plats were placed in the incubator with temperature of 25±1°C and 80٪RH. Tested pest were monitoring every day for checking the growth of the fungi, after 9, 7, 5 days the percentage of mortality in treatment with (1×108 conidi/ml) concentration was reported. The result shown that biological control can control our aim pests effectively and strongly.

Wildlife is one of the biomarkers ecosystems and the most important criteria biodiversity that the preservation it requires recognition of species, their relationship with each other and with their habitats. Some of the mammals that hunt them are more motivated, are at risk. We can point such as animal to family Cervidae (Dama mesopotamica, Cervus elaphus and Capreolus capreolus). To achieve The overall goal of study and determination the biological status in species in Environmental areas, Negative factors affecting the biology species have been divided into two general categories, arbitrary banning hunting and human destructive activities. Deforestation, digging plant, land conversion, construction of road, prospect, transmission lines, excessive grazing, military activities and indiscriminate hunting are in habitat destruction group. Based on degree of damage they were rated. The linear sum of negative and positive parameters express of the biological statues of species. According to score obtained Dama mesopotamica has critical biological, Capreolus capreolus appropriate and Cervus elaphus are in poor condition. All species are listed need more protection. Each plant and animal species is unique genetic resource. These species are the key to future progress so it must be due care to their condition.

Wildlife is one of the biomarkers ecosystems and the most important criteria biodiversity that the preservation it requires recognition of species, their relationship with each other and with their habitats. Some of the mammals that hunt them are more motivated, are at risk. We can point such as animal to family Cervidae (Dama mesopotamica, Cervus elaphus and Capreolus capreolus). To achieve The overall goal of study and determination the biological status in species in Environmental areas, Negative factors affecting the biology species have been divided into two general categories, arbitrary banning hunting and human destructive activities. Deforestation, digging plant, land conversion, construction of road, prospect, transmission lines, excessive grazing, military activities and indiscriminate hunting are in habitat destruction group. Based on degree of damage they were rated. The linear sum of negative and positive parameters express of the biological statues of species. According to score obtained Dama mesopotamica has critical biological, Capreolus capreolus appropriate and Cervus elaphus are in poor condition. All species are listed need more protection. Each plant and animal species is unique genetic resource. These species are the key to future progress so it must be due care to their condition.

Human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) contain a cell population that are capable of self-renewal and show similar properties to mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this research is to show that these cells can differentiate to different cell lineages. In this study, endometrial tissue obtained from patients cells were extracted enzymaticaly. The released cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10% FBS. The flow cytometry analysis was done for CD105, CD90, CD146, CD31 and CD34 in the third passage. The adipogenic, osteogenic, neurogenic and endothelial differentiation was evaluated in the third passage after 21 days of induction with differentiation media. The flow cytometry analysis showed that EnSCs were positive for CD90, CD105 and CD146 and were negative for CD31 and CD34. Moreover, results showed that the hEnSCs can differentiate to osteocyte and adipocyte. This was confirmed by alizarin Red and oil-Red O staining. Immunocytochemistry assey show that the markers including Nestin, MAP2 and CD31 has been expressede in differentiated cells into neuron and endothelial. Results showed that hEnSCs appear to be able to provide a source of different kinds of cells that will be able to be used to further study the cellular differentiation processes and cell therapy.

Previous studies demonstrated that dietary supplementation with appropriate polyunsaturated fatty acids can produce major increases in spermatogenesis and improvement in sperm quality. To investigate the correlation of serum lipids and lipoproteins with spermatogenic activity and histomorphometric structure of the testis, 10 male goats were divided into three equal groups included one, two and three years of age and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured by enzymatic method, serum levels of lipoproteins were determined by precipitation method. The serum levels of testosterone were measured by Radio Immuno Assay method. For histomorphometric study, the 5 μ sections were made and stained with Hematoxyline-Eosin. Data was statistically analyzed by the one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests (p≤0.05). Results showed that serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerids, VLDL-c and LDL-c had not significant differences between different ages. The serum levels of HDL-c, testosterone, as well as the area of spermatic tubules and testicular interstitium, diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal epithelium height, number and diameters of the leydig cells; number of spermatid cells had significant increase from one year group to two years group but significant decrease from two years animals to three years group. The serum HDL-c values were significantly correlated with the number of leydig cells as well as testosterone serum levels. Also triglycerides values had correlated with germinal epithelium height. It can be concluded that increased serum levels of HDL-c and triglycerides have respectively a benefit and deleterious effects on the spermatogenic activity and histomorphometric structure of the testes in the male goats of Ilam province.

Due to wide distribution analysis of A.vagans in Golestan Province morphometric were performed on this species. Statistical analysis in both small and large soldiers revealed that characters of MH. Index (length of left mandible / length of head to side base of mandible), H. index (Max width head / length of head to side base of mandible) and W.PM (width of posmentum) have the least of variability. Analysis of variance was used to find significant differences among the groups. The results show that except, two characters, L.H.S.M (length of head to side base of mandible) and H.index (max with of head/length of head to side base of mandible) all other characters among the groups of small soldiers are significantly different. Among large soldiers two characters of LP (length of pronotum) and W.PM (width of postmentum) showed significant difference (P<0.05). Grouping obtained base on PCA analysis separated the specimen collected from Khorasan and Golestan province. Finally on the basis of the cluster analysis, relationship between population samples from different locality and different species showed that A. esmailii Ghayourfar has the most relationship with A. vagans.

Peste des petits ruminants are a systemic and highly contagious disease in goats and sheep. Causing agent (Peste des petits ruminants virus) is a Morbillivirus in Paramyxoviridae. The disease is enzootic in Iran and the west of Iran especially Kermanshah province has a lot of serious problems in this case. Therefore, in this study domestic small livestock were investigated by both serological (Competitive ELISA) and molecular (RT-PCR) methods in Kermanshah. The aim was comparison of sensitivity of these methods in diagnosis of PPR in early stage especially before diarrhea onset. By RT-PCR assay, 23 from 30 samples turned out negative and 7 has become positive (23.33% positive). 2 samples from sera related to those 7 animals were negative in ELISA test and the other 5 sera were positive. So, overlapping percent of the assays is 71.42. Moreover, sensitivity of PCR is 6.70% more than cELISA. In spite of more costs of the PCR than ELISA, accuracy and speed of PCR is a specific advantage which suggests virus isolation and competitive ELISA can be substituted by PCR to control and prevention of the illness. Regarding to the results, it is suggested to do more investigations on the prevalence of the disease in Iran to gain clear information about prevalence and risk factors of the infection in different parts of the country.

Due to the increasing use of high intake of saturated fatty acids and their effects on overall physiological structures, effects of unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6, and the proportion of these two together is essential physiological functions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the interaction of corn and salmon fish’s oil on avoidance learning in mature male rat. In this empirical research work, we used 72 mature male rats weighing from 180-200g were enrolled as the control, sham and experiment groups. The control group was no treated. The sham group received only 1 ml saline, 6 experimental groups of different types received 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml/kg body weight corn oil, and 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 ml/kg body weight and 1 group other received doses of 0.5 and 1.5, salmon oil and corn oil respectively, daily for 28 days. For avoidance learning behavior, the rats were trained to shuttle box and 24 hours after training, the rats were tested retrieval. The data were evaluated using ANOVA. The results showed that consumption of corn and salmon’s oil alone enhances learning and taking the time to arrange a 3 to 1 ratio, boost the oil alone is more than the avoidance learning. Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids the rate 3 to 1, are most effective in promoting avoidance learning, so further investigation can be listed using ratios to enhance learning and prevention of Alzheimers, it uses.