فصلنامه پژوهش در تاریخ
سال سوم شماره 12 (پاییز 1392)

The period, about four years, of Gikhatu, included financial crisis and disturbance in economic affairs.He didn’t emphasized government important affairs and lived in pleasure more of the time.so, managing country situations was in emirs hand specially his minister Sadr Aldin Zanjani.Gikhatu and Sadr Aldin Zanjani giving generously with outbreak an animal disease as "UT" and taxation bad situation had met governmental treasury with problem.Sadr Aldin efforts for filling treasury led to "CHAV"publication that this affair made more serious economic affairs.Taxes situation that hadnt been appraised exactly,had negative effect in agriculture situation, trade and if we know financial situation, trade and agriculture as economic instances, the period in question because of none of attention to these distances,Iran economy encountered with intense crisis.This work wants to consider economic affairs in Gikhatu period with historic search.

However, the Mongols were unaware of the kind of culture and civilization, but, they had spicial customs. They are based on the beliefs of ceremonies for the gods did and through tribal life and the Desert, held ceremonies and customs which were distinguishing them from others. However, over time and due to the incorporation of the customs and traditions of the Mongol tribes, the changes were completely abolished by some of them, some other ethnic traditions and customs of the merged and transformed, and even some of their traditions by relatives others followed and expanded. However, it can be certain of the Mongol customs and traditions than with other tribes of mixed arisen since the itineraries achieved. This paper describes the traditions of the Mongols before mixing with the neighboring tribes.

When moguls under Jormakhon and Baijoun's authority began their invasions to Asia minor which ruled by RomeSeljuks who formed anindependent government in the end of 5th century hegira.Keykhosrow who was one of the most imprudent of second Seljuk kings ruling in Asia minor surrendered without resistance against moguls. And they slaughtered and destructed Rome cities. With establishment Ilkhanid government to control and hegemony the important and critical area of Asia Minor were applied other way and tactics like; appointed KasraAldinMotie by Ilkhanid court and they were hardly conflicteddirect in thesubordinated governorsof Asia Minor. So the purpose of this article is that studies relationships between Ilkhanid and Asia minor governors which is written at analytical-descriptive way and based on library resources.

Most important source legislation Quran was in Iran to before invased mongol and someone couldn’t interferenced in that.with entrance mongol; Bedouin yasa and laws their arrived. although gradually With conversion of Ilkhanids another yasa don’t utilized. But mongol sovereignty cause enacted mongol laws with else Iranic- Islamic the laws mixed. Chaos and riot created on these lines judiciary economic and social and caused effective folkways laws in courts.Question that in this research encountered with theirs: first; mongol laws and yasa what amount entered to Islamic laws? Second; whether steps had a accomplished for removal this laws in these lines social and judiciary and economic in era mongol? Theories under considered for this questions that with mongol laws and yasa instance from laws government social and economic utilized with support Ilkhanid foremost instead of Islamic laws. In era Qazan khan urgent need society in removal yasa laws; reform and steps accomplished. Since chains ruled after Ilkhanid like Timurid; Jalayerid; Qara-Quyunlu and Aq –Qoyunlu consistently used mongol laws and creditable. There are necessity recognize this laws and usage grounds and elements that had caused currency theirs. Yasa and ceremonies and custom entered even to daily life Iran people. Probably was this influence that could economic and judiciary laws in spite of sovereignty; under effect had itself.

Devotion is an affair in Islamic societies; this was desired aspect social, economic and religious. In fact devotion has been cultural action that includes public revenues. There is attention to public rents in education in Islam, too. Many people like to stay their names or works after their death so they spend their part of their properties for welfare affairs. These include building mosques, schools, facilities and every things that help people’s quiet. Some people built schools (Madrase). These places were important in Islamic Iran because they similar to mosque and their role was promotion of Islamic thought especially in Safavid era, Shi’at thought. Therefore, in this time schools were places for education and promotion Shi’at religion. Chahar-Bagh school is a symbol of these kinds. This paper represents role of function of teachers and students in this school and discuss their position in devotion‘s affair. In fact, main theme is surveying the effect of devotion in education of Shi’at in Safavid era. Chahar-Bagh school and studying its situation in edification and pedagogy shows to us role of teachers, students, their functions and lessons theme that taught by Benefactors’ orders.

As the strategic Caucasus region between the Caspian and Black 2 in every period of history has its own particular cultural and political status and tribes, religions and nationalities to be seen. We are not facing a powerful state in the region during the Achaemenid king, but Predominantly small with political affiliation to the neighboring powers, As of today it is. The effects of cultural expression as a result of excavation works of art and architecture in the three major countries of the Caucasus namely Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia. Among the findings of the Achaemenids in the region, Armenia Erebuni sites, Gumbet Georgia and the Surrey Hills of Azerbaijan which includes the architecture, objects arts and ceramic.These findings are similar to the works of great artistic and technical similarities in iran, State institutions, particularly the Achaemenid Persepolis, Susa and Pasargadae archaeological evidence in this study has been collected and are being analyzed. Works earthenware obtained from the WebSites the Hakhamnish in Caucasus also to In terms dating interval standing temporal century, 6-4 BC. The CE make that affect that in case more researches in this field more aspects from cultural presence The Achaemenids in Caucasus will become clear.

Pahlavi period from different perspectives is mixed with militarism and military systems. Primarily dominance in this series on the land's military posturing and military affairs always different approaches have also been involved and had the rule of preference.Shah Qajar dynasty founder of a military coup petition attack wrapped in another military coup, as well as to learn that it can be passed on the throne to his son Reza Khan Sardar Sepah after coming to power. We can conclude that development, equipping, updating equipment; military forces have always had a strong presence in the minds of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.But no one cannot ignore the central role of increased oil revenues or denied, Iran's military appears to be more advanced every day and all day on a long list of equipment were added. All this on the one hand and the growing relations between Iran and the United States of America that would have the manpower training to the Iranian war machine into the Mighty contain.However, this question can be devised which is basically the sudden increase in oil revenues has had a role in the development of weapons and military equipment to Iran how can be found to the depth of these influences?Yes, the individual structure with the increase in revenues from oil sales monarchy Iran Iranian military has suddenly become the most advanced war machine that contain Besides advanced weapons, military officers trained. Experienced also held. The structure of the court's decision under the constant control of the king were now in possession of financial resources to carry Sahtn drawings that somehow the years had not so far been achieved.

Nowadays, while some theories of international relations from the perspective of the works of classical writers, scientists and foreign policy, in order to explain the factors in the political and economic phenomena purely on international emphasize life, In contrast, many researchers have found that single-minded focus on the profound political and economic factors as the depth of relations between nations cannot be found. They to achieve a realistic understanding of cultural issues and international relations, focusing particular attention given to the area of culture. However, the present paper is an attempt to understand the exact meaning of cultural diplomacy functions in foreign policy especially in the evening enjoying new ways of communication in the age of information technology and the globalization of culture and politics in the global village.