مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال هفدهم شماره 92 (هفته دوم فروردین 1393)

The early diagnosis of malignant ovarian cancer and well-timed intervention can lead to improve patient survival. A non-invasive test such as CT scan or sonography can help in distinguishing benign from malignant masses and consequently they can be used as a criterion for patient selection for surgery. This study was designed and implemented to assess the findings of CT scan and sonography in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian masses. In this cross sectional study 87 patients with ovarian masses who had undergone surgery and pathologic tests were assessed during 2010 and 2011. The results of sonography and CT scan were reviewed. Odds ratio، sensitivity، specificity، positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the various indices of sonography and CT scan in differentiating malignant tumors from benign masses were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11. 5. The Sensitivity، specificity، positive and negative predictive value، accuracy and odd ratio of sonography for the differentiation of malignant from benign masses were calculated 71. 4%، 58. 9%، 25%، 91. 5%، 60. 9% and 3. 58 respectively (95% CI; 12. 5-1. 3). Concerning CT scan these indexes were calculated as 78. 6%، 79. 4%، 42. 3%، 95. 1%، 79. 3% and 14. 2، respectively (95% CI; 57. 3-3. 5). Tumor > 5 cm before menopause or tumor with any size after menopause had 92. 8% sensitivity in sonography and 100% in CT scan. Tumor with multi-cavity presentation had 95. 9% specificity in sonography and 100% in CT scan CT scan is more effective than sonography in differentiating malignant from benign tumors.

Adolescence is the age of challenges and opportunities. Nowadays, the transition to adulthood, without adequate awareness about sexual and reproductive health information and services is much more difficult than before. The aim of this study was exploring the views and experiences of adolescent girls and key adults regarding to the necessity of providing sexual and reproductive health information and services for adolescent girls in Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted during February to November 2012. Data were gathered through focus groups and semi-structured interview with 247 adolescent girls and 71 key adults include mothers, school counselors, health providers, state and non-governmental directors of health programs, health policymakers, sociologists and clergies in Shahroud, Mashhad, Tehran, and Qom cities of Iran. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were coded and categorized in content-analysis by MAXQDA10.

The main reasons for the necessity of providing sexual and reproductive health services for adolescent girls were categorized in six categories: lack of adequate knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, easy access to inaccurate information sources, cultural and social changes, increasing risky sexual behaviors among adolescents, religion's emphasis on sex training of children and adolescents and existence of cultural taboos.

Most of participants confirmed the necessity of providing sexual and reproductive health services for adolescent girls. Provision of these services should be a priority not only for medical concerns but also for religious, social and developmental perspectives.

The scFvs (single-chain fragment variable) are popular recombinant antibody formats that are produced by advanced molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques. Moreover, HER2-ECD recognized as a suitable target for a wide range of cancer cells. The current study was accomplished for isolation of specific scFv antibodies. To isolate specific scFv fragments from phage library, phage display technology was carried out by coating HER2 extra cellular domain (HER2-ECD) protein onto an immuno tube. The resultant scFv antibodies were expressed in Escherichia coli TG1. The recombinant products were purified by metal affinity chromatography against His-tag. These scFvs were characterized for binding to HER2-ECD by western blot, biosensor surface resonance and flow cytometry assays. After three rounds of panning against HER2-ECD protein yielded three different scFv fragments that confirmed by subsequent DNA sequencing. The kinetic results indicated that all of isolated scFvs had binding tendency to HER2-ECD on micro molar to nano molar range. Western blot and flow cytometry results demonstrated that all of isolated scFvs have had binding tendency to HER2-ECD. Phage display is a powerful tool for isolate promising scFv clones that bind specifically to the HER2 receptor, a cell surface of breast cancer antigen.