فصلنامه مهندسی فرهنگی
پیاپی 78 (زمستان 1392)

This article aims at presenting a view of the Educated on the basis of the teachings of Nahjolbalagheh. To do so, this article has used a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytic method to present a silhouette of the Educated of this educational system based on the point of view of Imam Ali. This article’s findings indicate that Imam Ali has particular ideas about those trained by the Islamic system and considers them to enjoy special personal (in terms of appearance, intelligence, mentality, emotions and psychology), intellectual, mundane, cultural, social (in terms of familial relations, speech, rights-orientation) economic and political characteristics. It is expected from the learners of His school to activate these particulars in them.

Islam has emphasized the importance of acquiring knowledge in a variety of manners. However knowledge and science acquisition is not an end, but a means to sublime human and Godly ends; due to this, in Islamic trainings there are principles and rules for the learner and student on their way to acquire knowledge and information. Educational principles are the same as student culture and refer to the optimal and ideal manners through which learning must take place in order to make the whole process holy and spiritual. Thus, the article at hand aims at scrutinizing the ideal and Islamically-approved student culture based on Islamic principles and the Quranic chapters.

Globalization is among those concepts which has been studied in many areas such as politics, economy and culture, among the most important of which is the area of culture. The process of globalization is a social, economic, political as well as a cultural process; thus, emphasis on any of these aspects will result in particular conceptualizations. As a result of the occurrence of extensive changes and the alterations in international relations, economic and communications, it is impossible to ignore the massive influences of the process of globalization on various aspects of human life. A holistic understanding of this phenomenon will be attainable only if a multi-faceted scrutiny of it. In Islam, and particularly in Shi’itism, attention to the future and the establishment of one global government on the basis of justice and under the ruling of an Impeccable Imam, enjoys a salient position. This idea has been proffered in Islam as Mahdaviat; the existence, growth and expansion of Shi’itism is actually founded on this philosophy. The objective of this project is delving into various aspects of the idea of the Unitarian ruling of Mahdi as well as the formation of the process of globalization and answering the question of whether this current phenomenon is in sync with the idea of Mahdaviat in Islam. In this discussion, the present congruities and incongruities have been studied in details.

Islamic lifestyle on the basis of a simple life, is a moderate way which repels waste, overuse, jealousy and stinginess. Using what Allah has given to His servant is a natural right of humans. Nevertheless, drowning in life’s luxuries and its tinsel, is a way that leads to anxiety, worry, lack of peace and the like. The main matter in this analytic article is surveying the bases of simple lifestyle from the viewpoint of our religious teachings. The objective of this article is to analyze the various aspects of simple lifestyle with the directions of Islam. The sources used for the writing of this library article have been the Holy Quran, Nahjolbalagheh, Baharolanvar, Kafi’s Principles and the like, the most important of which has been the Quran. As a result it can be said simple life is a capital by itself. As life is limited and human needs seem to be unlimited, we have to invest on our long-lasting needs as much as possible. On the path to Allah, who is the ultimate objective of human, the best way is to travel light; as travelling heavily causes human to be entangled on his way to Allah and the best approach is to live simply and reach evolutionary transcendentalism in a gradual manner.

In this article the content of the Social Teachings’ textbooks of the first two levels of middle school in Iran in the educational year of 20112012- has been analyzed and set against the citizens’ training paradigms. The objective of this analysis has been to see how congruent the above-mentioned books are with the standards of citizens’ training procedure. The analysis is a quantitative one. The statistical community is the mentioned textbooks and the statistical samples are the questions, texts, illustrations and class activities and drills of these textbooks. The research tools have 9 main paradigms: 1- citizenship 2- social rights 3- social duties 4- rules 5- justice and equality 6- social and political participation 7- social order 8- social control 9- Normality. These are in fact the foundation for the definition of a citizen. The results of this analysis show that the paradigms of citizenship, social and political participation and normality incorporated 194.375%, 121.25% and 103.125% of the middle school textbooks respectively and were thus at the top of the table while the paradigm of justice and equality, which took only 16.25% falls to the bottom of the table. The utter number of the illustrations in the 1st and 2nd levels of middles is 96 ones, 67.10% of which belongs to the 1st level and 53.6% to the 2nd. It is obvious that one of the paradigms in question is the idea of justice and equality. The findings depict that 53.5% of the illustrations in the first year have female denotations; a number which falls to 1.4% in the 2nd year. The lack of approval techniques in order to perceive the messages of the illustrations is among the drawbacks of these books. Overall, the findings of this research and the consequent data analysis show that in these books the requisite attention to citizens’ training has not been allocated.

The objective of the present article has been do measure the religious education and its paradigms position in the lesson planning of high schools from the viewpoint of the teachers. The research type is descriptive and the type of research is applied. The statistical community is composed of all the high school teachers of Divandareh Town. The statistical sampling encompasses 130 people who have been chosen randomly in a way that all the participants enjoy equal chances for being selected. The research tools, apart from the library sources, include a questionnaire which has been designed by the researcher to measure the opinions. Data are analyzed in two ways: descriptively (percentage, frequency, mean number, graphs, fluctuation) and analytically. The findings show that the attention to educational training has been over the average from the aspect of beliefs and behavior, just on the average from the aspect of history and below the average from the aspect of politics and culture.

Corruption is known as a cancerous tumor on the body of the society and if not treated fast, it spreads over the whole body which will, in turn, lead to disintegration and dissolution or according to the interpretation of the Holy Quran, it will lead to doom and destruction. We can observe the destructive results of corruption by assessing it in various human societies and its impact on their development. Throughout the past decades there always was a reverse relationship between the extensions of corruption and the positive use of power; when political power was used positively and correctly, the amount of corruption was reduced. In the article at hand, we have tried to present solutions based on an Islamic approach to overcome administrative corruption regardless of the relation between power use and this phenomenon.

The objective of this research is to study the cultural approaches that can lead to the enhancement of the cooperative sector and the utilized method is analytical-descriptive. Firstly, the values and principles of cooperation have been explicated and then the most important cultural ways of their enhancement have been delved into. According to the findings, limiting the government’s intervention in this sector, motivation creation for the elite to enter this sector, preparing ground for the proper introduction of this sector and its advantages to everyone, activating cultural institutions to enhance cooperative sector, the commitment of the members to the fundaments of] cooperation, holding exhibitions to display the achievements of this sector, appreciating the best cooperatives and utilizing international experiences are among the most important cultural factors for the enhancement of the cooperative sector.

The consumption culture in Iran shows that the using patterns which exceed standards and emanate from a luxury-oriented thinking, as well as the domination of the need for innovation which in turn results in the purchase of new and mainly foreign-made commodities, have made Iran’s consumption patterns extremely unfavorable and at times in the direction of destroying the resources and the subsequent dependence on the economy of foreign countries. Based on this, the consumptive pattern of Iran is in the need of being amended in terms of its thoughts, values and Islamic bases. Among the ways which can lead to this amendment is to make people more inclined to virtues. ‘Piety’ is one of the holy words of the religion of Islam and among the virtues, to which all humans are logically inclined and appreciate it as perfect and sublime. Real and genuine piety, as a positive and constructive viewpoint, can amend the individual’s perspective to himself as well as his surrounding; this can lead to the tangency of the consumption patterns to those recommended by the Holy Quran and thus obviate the negative effects of consumption in the society. Moreover, this virtue can have positive economic effects and prepare grounds for better economic growth and development. Hence, in the article at hand we have studied the consumption patterns of Iran’s society and next to the identification of the cultural reasons of consumption in the society of Iran, the virtue of piety has been delved into and its admirable and positive outcomes have been explicated.

This article aims at determining the role of creativity in the process of solving cultural problems through cultural interaction. Creativity is the ability to profess novel ideas and is dependent on factors such as motivation, excitement, emotions, feelings, experiences and the individual’s learning. Creativity happens when the individual thinks beyond and outside the set presuppositions and searches new ways and methods not yet used by the others. It is noteworthy that creativity is in need of utilizing a method of thinking called ‘divergent thinking’ which is one that breaks the norms and the unchanging patterns of thought in the society. Although creativity is a personal trait, it can be taught via training, consultation and guidance. Creativity helps people to grow up as social beings and thus able to harmonize themselves with various societies and cultures. Cultural diversity can strengthen creativity by its less emphasis on the necessity of the homogeneity of societies and also its variety in viewpoints. In general, to solve cultural issues, people use one of these five approaches: cultural hegemony, cultural company, cultural compromise, cultural avoidance, and cultural interaction. The last option, that is cultural interaction, esteems all cultures despite their local differences. In order to utilize this approach in solving cultural matters, we need to explicate the situation, interpret it and provide solutions from the viewpoint of each culture.