مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال یکم شماره 3 (پاییز 1392)

After cesarean section, practices vary considerably between institutions and individual practitioners, ranging from early oral fluids or food to delayed introduction of oral fluids and food which may be after 24 hours or more. This study was carried out to assess and compare the outcome of early (4 hours) and late (12 hours) postoperative feeding after uncomplicated cesarean section done under general anesthesia. This study was a controlled trial. The research population was women delivered by cesarean section in Ommolbanin hospital. The samples consist of 82 women randomly assigned in two groups of early and late traditional feeding. The early feeding group started oral fluids 4 hours after surgery, followed by regular diet after return of bowel sounds. The traditional feeding group started oral fluids 12 hours after surgery then oral solid food was allowed after defecation. The groups were compared about gastrointestinal complications, pain 4, 12and 24hours after surgery. Also the groups were compared about satisfaction and wound healing. Data was analyzed using chi-square, Fisher exact test, Kruskalwalis test, t test and Mann Whitney. flatulence intensity 24 (p=0.030(was less in early feeding group. Pain intensity12 (p=0.010) and 24 hours after surgery was less in early feeding group (p=0.000).women’s satisfaction was more in early feeding group (p=0.000) but the mean of REEDA score for cesarean wound healing was similar in both groups (p=0.257). this paper shows the early feeding (4 hours) after cesarean section with general anesthesia decrease gastrointestinal complication, pain and increase women’s satisfaction.

The presence of heavy metals in the environment, especially in the water creates many health problems. Effective technology for the removal of some of the other methods that are attractive from an economic standpoint, the availability and high power in remove the rest of their advantages. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of heavy metals (Cu, Cd and Pb) by the saffron leaves of the aquatic environment in the area is available as an absorbent. An experimental study in the spring and summer in 2013 in Environmental Health Engineering Research Center of Kerman University of medical was performed. Plantations of Razavi Khorasan dried saffron leaves were used as absorbents. Batch experiments were performed at room temperature on a synthetic and real sample. The effects of PH solution, absorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration of heavy metals absorption isotherms were determined and discussed. Experiments were performed in duplicate, to determine of mean was used the SPSS version 15. PH optimal removal of heavy metals copper, cadmium and lead saffron leaves the absorber was 5. The optimum absorbent for metals (0.5, 1.5 and 1.5 g) and the equilibrium contact times (45, 90 and 90 min), respectively. The optimum conditions for the removal of the 55.75 %, 81.89 % and 83.56 %, respectively. With increasing initial concentrations of copper, cadmium and lead in solution, the removal efficiency decreased. PH was important for the uptake of heavy metals. In actual samples (Martyr Bahonar Copper Industries and battery niruelectronics) optimal amount of adsorbent (1.5, 2and 2 g) and contact times (60, 90, and 90 minutes) respectively. The optimum conditions for the removal of metals, 45.12 %, 68.78 % and 73.53 % respectively. Results from this study showed the highest correlation with the Langmuir isotherm model. The results of the saffron plant leaves absorb more lead than copper metal, copper and cadmium but with more energy will be absorbed. Readily available plant leaves in area and inexpensive absorbent according to the results of this method can be as a practical method to remove heavy metals from industrial waste water can be used.

The optimal growth of children is dependent on proper nutrition and eating habits. If proper child nutrition and diet is the optimal child health is provided. It is important that children are fed according to the most sensitive and vulnerable groups in society against malnutrition and food insecurity form. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and perceived benefits and perceived barriers to primary school students in relation Torbat heydariyeh breakfast and snacks were conducted at 92 academic yea In this descriptive-analytical study 180 elementary grade students were selected by multi-stage sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire that its validity and reliability were reviewed and confirmed. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical independent T, one way ANOVA and Pearson test. The results showed that 45.6 percent of students ate breakfast every day and only 22.5 percent ate snack every day. Pearson test showed that the relationship between Knowledge and behavior perceived susceptibility and severity and behavior is positive and significant but this the relationship was not observed between perceived benefits and the behavior. In this study was determined that behavior of students especially in breakfast and snack consumption is not desirable and according to the direct relationship between knowledge and perceived severity with behavior, can improve nutritional behavior of students through various educational programs and also work with the current models in health education, including the Health Belief Model (which susceptibility and perceived severity are components of this model).

Background And Purpeses: Provision of safe water and sanitation is important for the health and welfare of the community. Improper conditions in the transmission and distribution of water, the most important causes of secondary pollution and water-borne disease outbreaks is. This study was donet, investigate quality of drinking water s bacteriological characteristics coming from water cooler units in Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences and Shahid Beheshti Universites. This study is cross sectional and a systematic random sample of water cooler s units in Training- based places of medical Universities and Beheshti university were taken. From the total 13 water cooler were selected. Total coliform، E. coli coliform، heterotrophic bacteria (HPC)، residual chlorine and pH were measured. Collected Data were assessed by using statistical methods or softwares like excel and spss. Results showed that the range of residual chlorine in water before arriving to water cooler is 0. 8- 0. 4 and after water cooler is 0. 6- 0. 2 ppm. Also, the amount of pH after and before water cooler has been in domain of 7. 4- 7. 2. In the cultured water samples before and after water cooler، Hetrotrophic bactria has grown and the number of colonies in both was in the scope of 100- >1000 cfu/100ml. According to the results coliform group bacterias have never been seem in none of the cultured samples. Accordingly HPC indicator before water cooler and after that has been 766. 67650. 64 cfu/100ml and 1250355. 55 cfu/100ml respectively. Discussion & Results showed that there is problity of presence of organism growth in piping system and water coolers, so that in both Hetrotrophic bactria Have grown. Also decrease in the residual chlorine after water cooler in relation to befor shows contamination in water coolers even in small amount. However proper maintenance of cooler machine, proper connection to the piping system and absence of any cracks or leaks in the system wasn t effectless.

Several factors have affects on the hospital choice by patients. One of these factors can be the quality of services and other factors such as the treatment expenditures, economic situation, cultural and social status, etc. This study aims to find the relevant factors affecting the choice of private hospitals for treatment by patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yazd Province by the cooperation of 110 patients during 1392. The population was patients admitted in private hospitals of Yazd. Sampling was done randomly. Data collection were accomplished by the use of a researcher-made questionnaire and then face and content validity where confirmed and alpha =78%. For data analysis, SPSS software and T-Test, ANOVA (p<0.05) was used. The findings revealed that among all the influential factors, the following aspects are the most important ones for patient selection. In the case of personal issues, personal interest was categorized as the most significant, in the case of quality factors, the relationship of physician with patients and the presence of him for treatment; among economic factors, the individual income and hospital expenditure; and among external factors, the physician access after treatment. It seems necessary that the opinions, needs, and expectations of the patients for the quantitative and qualitative services elevation and processes improvement should be considered.

Every year thousands of people lose their lives in car accidents, in such a manner that Iran is one of the top rank countries in this case. One of the effective factors in this field is attitude of drivers toward safety in driving. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between safety to attitude and precarious behaviors. The present study is descriptive – analytic. In this study 384 people from interior taxi drivers of Urmia city were selected 192 of whom were considered as the case group with experience of accident during the past three years and 192people as control group with no experience of accident during the past three years. The data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 3 parts: 1-demographic characteristics 2-safety attitude 3- specialty of personality. To investigate the relationship between personality and attitudes to safety, Features Pearson correlation test was used. For statically analysis SPSS software 16 and Pearson correlation, kruskal- Wallis and Mann- Whitney were used. Results showed that there was a significant correlation in all three scopes of attitude to safety in drivers, assertiveness scopes, fast driving and dangerous behaviors (p=0.001). There was no significant correlation in all three scopes of attitude to safety and rule breaching and precarious behaviors (p<0.005). Between education level and precarious behaviors no statistically significant relation was found (p<0.005). Also there was no significant correlation between age, marital status, experience of accidents, experience of driving and driving hours per week with the attitude to safety (p>0.05). Attitude to safety has effects on precarious behaviors of drivers, so by considering the high rate of accident in our country, it is necessary to set up training programs on safety issues for drivers in order to improve the drivers’ attitudes to safety issues.

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between the quality of work life and organizational commitment at Torbat Heydariye University of Medical Sciences. The population consisted of 329employees who were selected randomly. To measure quality of work life and organizational commitment, Valton questionnaire and Allen & Meyer questionnaire were used, respectively. Findings revealed that there was a positive correlation between the quality of work life and organizational commitment (r=0.56); moreover, the quality of work life and organizational commitment in this organization was satisfactory and more than average. This study also showed that there was a positive correlation between quality of work life &affective commitment and between quality of work life & normative commitment, but there was no significant correlation between quality of life & continuance commitment (r=0.22). Regression analysis indicated that fair compensation can predict organizational commitment more than other factors. Programs of quality of work life can increase employee's confidence and ability to solve problems which lead to promoting in job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

The urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuriadue to lack of clinical signs is important. Especially in pregnant women, anatomical and physiological changes in the urinary tract and immune system changes during pregnancy increases the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and in some cases lead to symptomatic urinary tract infection is serious risk to mother and fetus contains. This study examined the Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and its implications in pregnant women referred to the health center laboratory Torbat Haydarieh in 2013. The study is descriptive -cross sectional. In thisstudy1250pregnant women referred to thehealth center laboratoryUniversity of Medical Sciences Torbat Haydarieh in 2013. enrolled and were randomly sampled. All pregnant women referred to the health centers for Prenatal care Were referred to the laboratory for urine analysis and women with 4-5 white cells in urine or puriand women with symptoms of UTI were referred for testing urine culture. 125 patients who had a positive urine culture as case Groupand1125 women who were free of UTI as controls Group were considered. Statistical dataanalysiswas performedusingSPSSsoftware. The results show that10% of patients is a symptomatic bacteriuria. The highest rate asymptomatic bacteriuria is in the age group 20- 24 years (39%) and the lowest rate in more than 35years (4%). Organisms isolated from cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria are respectively: Staphilococ epidermidis (49%) -Ecoli(34%) –Enterobacter(10%) -Klebsiellapneumoniae(6%) and Enterococcus focal is(1 %).The most appropriate antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy is known Amikacin that95% sensitive and 5% of the organismswere resistantto it. The second antibiotic appropriate cefotaxime for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women is cefotaxime that 88%sensitive and12% of the total organisms were resistant to it. The highest resistance (51%) seen in the antibiotic Co-Trimoxazole. Urinary tract infections can be very unpleasant side effects such as premature babies with low weight, high blood pressure, preeclampsia, mother anemia and perinatal mortality to be followed. According to importance of urinary tract infection and very adverse complications and importance health of women as mothers in the community, we hope this study can as a database for future Decisions in order to health plan and Proceeding spreventiveand therapeutic for reducing the incidence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women is used.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females and the first ranked in Iranian women. Forasmuch as methods of screening are the best among early detection methods and doing of them significantly prevent from its prevalence. The present study aimed to determinate the effect of education on condition of knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior of breast cancer in female teachers at guidance schools in Zahedan. This research is a quasi-experimental study. This study was conducted on 240 female teachers in secondary schools in Zahedan city in 2012 that were selected by multi-stage sampling in two control and intervention groups. The researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data including two parts: the first part includes demographic questions and the second part is related to awareness, behavior, and attitude that were used after the confirmation of validity and reliability. The data were collected through the questionnaire before and after training. The intervention was done through lecture, watching videos, group discussion, and question and answer. Two months after intervention, the second evaluation was performed. The data were analyzed through SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests like: Paired t-test, and Chi-square. The findings of this study showed that based on the paired t-test average scores of were as follows: awareness (from 34.55 to 40.27), attitude (from41.31 to 44.18) and behavior (from 11.05 to 12.81) in the intervention group, before and after intervention, there were significant differences (P- value<0.0001). But in control group, before and after intervention there was no significant difference. The results of this study indicated that a regular educational program is effective on promoting attitude and knowledge level and preventive behaviors of breast cancer in teachers. The design and holding different educational programs lead to early diagnosis of breast cancer, enhancing awareness, attitude and action of teachers.