نشریه طب انتظامی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 6، پاییز 1392)

Recombinant protein production is a fundamental aspect of the 21st century in biotech industry. Harnessing the natural protein expression powers of prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic hosts، enabled the development of a multi-billion dollar industries. Recombinant proteins have gained enormous importance for clinical applications. Most of therapeutic recombinant proteins are produced in mammalian cells although، Escherichia coli has been the most widely used host for the production of recombinant proteins. Various yeast expression systems have been successfully used over the years for production of recombinant proteins. Good characteristics of yeast، combined with revolutionary advances in systems and synthetic biology، micro-array technology and the rapidly evolving databases on the Web، have made a prominent place for yeast within the range of expression systems. The demand for recombinant therapeutic proteins is significantly increasing and there is a constant need to improve the existing expression systems، and also developing novel systems to face the therapeutic proteins demands. Cell-free expression system for production of recombinant proteins has also introduced which has many advantages over production of recombinant proteins in cell systems. Rapid growing and developing market of recombinant therapeutics and industrial enzymes have doubled the necessity of developing and optimizing industrial strains and biological process. Using systems biology and applying engineering principles for optimization and development of biological systems are effective strategies، that using them in the development of recombinant protein production processes is increasing rapidly.

Back ground: Training conducted by nurses is an important criterion for improving the quality of care of patients and can reduce stress and related costs. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive assessment of the status of client education، using multivariate factor analysis in Valiaser hospital. This study is an exploratory cross - sectional research with using multivariate factor analysis that conducted in 2013. Using simple random sampling method، 97nurses، have completed client Education Assessment questionnaire that its reliability and validity was confirmed. Factor analysis of the data was analyzed using SPSSversion21. After completion 30-item questionnaire by nurses، factor analysis was conducted to explore factors affecting patient education. Thus، after performing principal component analysis with varimax rotation​ according to the Eigen values and Kaiser Criterion، five factors were extracted. 44% of the sample study were men and 56% of them were women. The mean age of the subjects was 33. 71 ± 7. 05 years. The majority of the subjects (98%) had bachelor''s degree، 1% had associate''s degree، and 1% had a master''s degree. Based on the results، five principles were extracted: a) teaching skills، communication and motivation of the patient education; b) Coordination and collaboration inpatient education; c) Giving the cultural and psychological aspects of client education; d) Honor education as part of patient care; and e) Gender conformity in client education. According to the findings، it can be deduced that client education is a fundamental process that nurses are aware of the basics، but for achieving sustainable of its process، influencing factors must be considered.

Personality characteristics and employees'' individual differences are one the most important factors predicting organizational commitment which can assist organizations to achieve their aims and organizational efficiency، and also can be either the source of creativity development or the root of many organizational problems. The aim of present investigation is evaluating the relationship between personality characteristics and employees'' organizational commitment working at one of the Police centers in Tehran. This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 212 clerks of employed personnel in a Police center of Tehran in year 2012. The sampling was performed in a stratified random method. The instruments of data collecting included the personality five-element questionnaire of Costa and McCrae with validity coefficient of 0. 88 and the organizational commitment questionnaire of Allen and Meyer with validity coefficient of 0. 81. A positive and significant relationship existed between the five personality characteristics including emotional stability، extroversion، work ethic، adaptability and pleasantness with personnel organizational commitment. And among them، the pleasantness characteristic with coefficient correlation of r=0/628 was found to have the highest and strongest correlation with personnel organizational commitment. The personality characteristics of personnel should be considered as one of the determinants of their organizational commitment in activities of human sources management. Accordingly، health managers can improve personnel organizational commitment and professional functions by implementing performances consistent with personality characteristics during their employing and maintenance.

Military forces need to achieve knowledge about first aid and critical principles for protecting themselves and their comrades too. So learning the principles of self-aid and buddy are necessary for all military personnel. the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge and attitudes of military officers through training aid and aid it. Descriptive cross-sectional study has been conducted on 388 employees of a Military Center. stratified random sampling method was used to select the employees. Data collected from valid and reliable Self-designed questionnaire. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics، chi-square test and ANOVA analysis with software spss18 done. The mean knowledge score of personnel، and the average percentage of self-aid and buddy attitude training were15. 56 ± 2. 38 and 83. 81± 7. 5، respectively. 56. 2 and 65. 7 percent of employees participated in the study had a good level of education، knowledge، and the attitudes towards self-aid and buddy. According to present study، knowledge of more than43 percent of employees is not desirable، so self and buddy aid in military style training using modern methods of teaching with regard to future threats at a regular time intervals is highly recommended.

The aim of this study was to determine the status of Amoebiasis as well as it''s temporal trend and mapping distribution of the disease in Iran Army Units، using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research was a longitudinal study. Information was collected from the Deputy of Health، AJA University of Medical Sciences for 7 years. Prevalence and incidence ratio of the disease was calculated. With use of ArcGIS 9. 3 software، data were storage، processed and mapped. Results showed that a total of 2،236 cases of Entamoeba histolytica / dispar were reported. Most of the cases were observed in the provinces of Khuzestan (26. 2%)، Kerman (15. 8%)، Sistan- Baluchestan (12. 8) and Bushehr (12%) that more than 66% is allocated to these provinces. Most of the cases were reported in Khuzestan from Ground forces and in Kerman and Sistan -Baluchistan from Naval personnel. In Bushehr cases were mainly reported from Air Force personnel. The maps show the distribution of Amoebiasis in Iran Army، which can be applied as a guideline for the spread of disease، by the health centers. It is also recommended to provide the maps of the geographical distribution of other infectious diseases by using Geographic Information System.

Botulinum toxin is known as the most potent toxin that that can cause death even in small amounts، on the other hand، except antitoxin، there are no drug for toxicity. Therefore، diagnostic methods that can detect very small amounts of botulinum toxin in a short time، is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modified double sandwich ELISA method for detection limit، repeatability and cross-reactivity for the detection of botulinum toxin type E. Double-sandwich ELISA method require two antibodies that bind to epitopes without interference on antigens. For this purpose، we poured the rabbit antibody at down (Capture antibody) and mouse antibody at high toxin (Detection antibody) into the each wells and titered toxin from the first well. Then، for adjusting and optimizing the sandwich ELISA system Cross reactivity and Reproducibility tests were performed. Double-sandwich ELISA method is able to detect value of 1 ngbotulinum toxin type E. Reproducibility of this method was optimum through experiments repeated three times in one day and four times in different days and is negligible cross it''s reactivity with toxin type B and Tetanus was insignificant. So far، several methods based on serological assessment of botulinum toxin have been presented، but ELISA، has been the best and most practical method. To improve sensitivity of assessment، several modified ELISA methods have been presented that double-sandwich ELISA is the most advanced one. This method is rapid، highly specific and it''s sensitivity is equivalent to testing on mice. The method is used for determining specific antigen in the unknown sample.

Previous studies have indicated that in addition to direct effect of noise exposure on auditory system، it can also lead to indirect problems such as sleep disturbance in term of reduction of nocturnal sleep quality and quantity. The present study is aimed to examine the relationship between exposures to noise pollution caused by road traffic and the quality and quantity sleep among traffic police officers in Tehran. This cross sectional study was conducted with 250 police officers from 15 regions of Tehran. Ambient noise was measured by sound level meter (CEL-450) at 9 stations in each selected region. Information related to sleep factors were collected with a valid and reliable Self-designed questionnaire in seven Likert scale. Data were analyzed through SPSS-19 and Pearson''s correlation test. Based on the achieved data، 250 officers with the average age of 26. 37±4 years were participated. The minimum and maximum sound pressure level in selected regions were 73/48 and 87/74 respectively. Our results indicated significant positive correlation between exposure to traffic noise and sleep fragments as well as feeling fatigue and sleepiness during the day after exposure (p≤0/05). No significant relation was found between noise and the average hours of nocturnal sleep. The results of present study approve that exposure to traffic noise van lead to incensement of sleep fragments during night and feeling of tiredness and sleepy during the next day that these all factors can have effects on occupational performance.

There''s a lot of mental disorders in most countries. These disorders are more prevalent among Imprisoned. There are several reasons for the excessive incidence of mental disorders in prisons: There is a wrong notion that people with mental disorders are a risk to society، Failures in treatment، care and rehabilitation، and above all، poor access to mental health services and mental stress of prison space. Therefore، in this study Has been investigated the Effectiveness of cognitive - behavioral group therapy on mental health of Imprisoned Women of Borojerd Nesvan Prison. The study method was experimental with pre-test، post-test and control group. Sample size was 30 people that divided randomly into experimental and control groups (15 people). At the first we gave Goldberg General Health Tests to women as pre test and then experimental group were treated with cognitive - behavioral therapy in the during 12 sessions of 120 minutes. In the end، both groups were tested again the same questions as the post test. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA test. The research findings indicated that experimental group was significantly different from control group in terms of digit span (p<0. 001) and cognitive - behavioral therapy affected on mental health in prisoner women. The results showed that it is possible to adopt a cognitive - behavioral therapy to improve mental health of prisoner women And they returned to the family and community level by doing this.