مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
سال نهم شماره 11 (بهمن 1392)

Review studies are those researches in which the population under study consists of original articles in a defined field of human knowledge. The aim of the present review article is to overview such review studies and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each study within the health domain. At the end of 2012 the Pub Med search engine was searched using “systematic reviews” and “meta-analyses” terms, which should appear in the title plus “methodology” term that should appear either in the title or the abstract of the papers. Then by changing the search methods plus studying the references of the retrieved papers the scope of search was complete. Given the necessity and importance of review studies, the style of doing them has been substantially changed during time and they improved from traditional reviews into systematic reviews and then meta-analyses from published data. Individual participant data meta-analysis and prospectively planned pooled analysis are two new studies that are recently introduced. By knowing the pros and cons of review studies and their applications one might get the most of such studies within the health domain.

Accreditation is an assessment tools of health systems especially hospitals, that is a top priority of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran but other countries that have implemented this program faced challenges. Since the accreditation program is in the initial stages of implementation in Iran, this study review other studies to find probable downsides of the program to extract the challenges in implementing this program which has not been seen to propose solutions for overcoming its problems. This is a narrative review and its findings was obtained at the end of 1391 and challenges were classified in categories including: increasing costs, uncertainty about the effectiveness of the program, the conflict between quality assurance and quality improvement, using a single set of standards for the evaluation of organizations and programs in different environments, promotion administrative bureaucracy and a bunch about employees including: increasing their workload and lack of manpower, increasing stress of staff due to the difficult and time-consuming of the program. These challenges impede the proper implementation and achieve objectives of the accreditation program in organizations. Therefore, this study suggests to authorities, study and plan for all aspects of the identified inconsistencies for successful implementation of this program in Iran and takes action to reduce or eliminate its effects through professional meetings and conferences in this field to find effective solutions.

Several studies have shown that physical activity and exercise in reducing stress, anxiety, depression and bad mood and increase feelings of revitalization of humor or mental health is associated with. Social work Sport and Physical Education in the development and strengthening social infrastructure and basic functioning of the whole structure of society and the relationships between social strata Vahad significant effects on the leaves. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sport and social capital in leisure time faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

descriptive correlation method is used in this study. Two questionnaires are used for data collection. Social capital questionnaire is based on SCOT Model. Also, leisure time questionnaire made by researcher which Face and content validity of it was verified by experts. Reliability coefficients by using Cornbrash’s alpha coefficients were calculated at 0.92 and 0.82 respectively. Sample populations measured by Khan’s Formula, they are 150 people that were selected as sample using multiple cluster sampling by taking the sex and college into consideration as variables.

The results showed that the average leisure time physical equivalent of 42/3 and social capital for individuals 3/47, respectively. Regression analysis also showed that the combination of the components of social capital (trust and sharing) the amount and physical recreation are significant. (R =. 602 / P =. /000) and multiple correlation coefficient, which combines elements of social capital and physical recreation. 602 And the ratio of. 362 Is. The index shows that % 36/2 of the variance in scores on physical leisure, social capital can be described by a combination of factors, is the explanation.

Exercise and physical activity in leisure time and Individual participation in group activities and they provide conditions for membership till People interact and communicate with other people and a sense of belonging to the group Collective interests and respect. Such activities can increase the level of social capital and its components, such as, social norms and the participation.

Hepatitis B is one of the world's health problems and increased the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. Medical students exposed to risk Because of future job, and being infected than the general population. This study will Survey level of knowledge, risk perception and behavioral intention medical students about hepatitis B. This is a descriptive - analytical study and populations are students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was randomly and sample size according to the formula: n= Z2 * S2/D2 were at least 385 people. Data were collected by questionnaire and were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software and statistical tests of Pearson, Spearman, t and ANOVA. 457 students (41.8% male and 58.2% female) in 29 fields of study participated in the study. Mean and standard deviation of student's awareness (5.56 ± 2.1), public risk perception (21.8 ± 3.12), perceived personal risk (7.25 ± 2), and behavioral intention of students (14.99 ± 3.28) is. Between risk perception and behavioral intention with gender, Knowledge and risk perception with age, Knowledge, risk perception and behavioral intention with student's education level was significantly related (P <0.05). According to the high risk of medical students, seems that necessary to study barriers and causes of low behavioral intention and Also implement educational interventions.

and cause health and environmental effects. This study investigates the optimization of the parameters affecting the advanced oxidation process Fenton for improving TOC removal from aqueous solution includes amoxicillin antibiotic by using Taguchi experimental design.

In this study for evaluation the effect of factors and determination optimal conditions to removal TOC by Fenton process, 5 parameters such as TOC, Hydrogen peroxide, Fe2+ initial concentrations, PH and reaction time each of in 4 levels was investigated. Optimization experiments were repeated 2 times each and the optimal conditions were obtained after analysis with Taguchi method.

TOC removal efficiency by Fenton process from aqueous solution via TOC initial concentrations 6, 40, 87 and 193 mg/L was 37.165%, 38.285%, 35.116% and 17.24% respectively. Optimization of the process by Taguchi method showed initial TOC concentration 40 mg/L, H2O2 500mg/L, Fe2+ 50mg/L, PH 3.5 and reaction time 10 min with importance priority of 2.357%, 73.58%, 11.837%, 4.137% and 8.089% were determined as optimum conditions of operational parameters of the Fenton process in TOC degradation respectively.

In this study, Maximum removal efficiency of amoxicillin and TOC were obtained 99.6% and 38.285% respectively. This study indicated that Fenton process can be used for pretreatment of amoxicillin for biological treatment. Unlike complete amoxicillin degradation, TOC removal (mineralization) was not complete in Fenton oxidation due to formation of refractory intermediates.

A lot of women die each because of unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortion. According to importance of unwanted pregnancies, the purpose of the current study is to determine prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and its related factors in interruption method users in Gorgan health-care centers in 2010. In this descriptive-analytical study, 339 eligible women that were under supported of Gorgan health centers were selected through multistage sampling methods in 2010 and were invited through telephone for interview. Data were collected through interview by a questionnaire that its reliability and validity was approved. Data were analyzed through SPSS 18 software by using chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Mean age and SD of under studied women was 32.05±7.46. 45 (13%) participants had an unwanted pregnancy. There wasn’t significant relation between unwanted pregnancy with age, occupation, education and number of children. There was significant relation between last child’s age and unwanted pregnancy. There was significant relationship between location and unwanted pregnancies so that unwanted pregnancies in urban regions were more than rural regions. Incidence of unwanted pregnancies among Gorganian women is relatively high. Therefore, we recommend that eligible women were educated about reasons of unwanted pregnancy, using contraceptive methods and unwanted pregnancy complication.

One way to optimize energy consumption is replacing incandescent lamp with compact fluorescent lamps. These lamps produce ultraviolet radiation due to the nature of light production. This study aimed to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation emitted from compact fluorescent lamps which are widely used in Iran.

This study carries out on 16 compact fluorescent lamps (four different brands) at different power. Ultraviolet radiation measured in three ranges UVA, UVB and UVC at distance of 10 cm from bulbs. The data were analyzed by ANOVA test.

Intensity of near ultraviolet radiation (UVA) were in the range 0.23 w/m2 to 1/06 w/m2 in lamp different powers and also these values significant statistically (P <0.05) UV-B radiation intensity (mean=0.01 w/m2) was not significant in lamp different powers (P>0.05). Far ultraviolet intensity or UVC was less than detection limit at all points measured.

ANOVA test showed that UVA intensity emitted in different watts were statistically significant difference (P< 0.05). But in this case UVB radiation in the different watts lamps was not significantly different (P>0.0.5). UVC radiation in the different watts lamps were less than the detection limit of the measuring device.UVA Intensity in 10 cm distance from bulb was less than occupational exposure limit (8 hours) (except bulbs 40 watts). Intensity of UV B ​​(except lamp 11 watts) exceeds occupational exposure limit (8 hours). The intensity of the UV C was lower than detection limit.

Social capital causes promoting community members’ participation level as set of norms among community systems. We aimed to determination between perceived social capital with relevant factors among Health workers in medical and health network of Rey city.

This study was a cross sectional one which assessed determination between social capital and relevant factors among Health workers in medical and health network of Rey city 140 Staff in 2012. The instrument for data collection was a multidimensional scale including socio demographic (6 items) and Bullen’s instrument (36 items). Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software version 18 with using with T-Test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA tests.

Mean perceived social capital among participants was 47.82± 14.37(Mean ± SD). Study findings showed that social capital had significant relation between some variables such as age, economic status, Marital Status (P<0.05). Also, there was not correlations social capital with Education status, Employment status and work location.

According to these results, the strengthening of social capital in a community will lead to social activities improvement in staff, also we must be consider to Equal distribution of resources and facilities in health program.

Aging is a Sensitive period of life and attention to the issues and needs is essential. To access to health care for the elderly and the prevention of chronic diseases, and reduce the incidence of infection, the first step is identifying the factors affecting the health of every community. One of the factors affecting it, is the social and religious support. Thus, this study compared the relationship between the variables of social support and religious support as a provider of health and social support were elderly.

In this cross-sectional study, 120 older (59 females and 61 males) aged 65years and older was selected by random health centers in Sisakht city(Kohgiloyeh and BoyerAhmad Province), Iran. In order to measure perceived social support and perceived religious support previous studies and validated questionnaire to measure the health status of the elderly 12 SF questionnaire was used. Data were collected by Interview Or by telephoning. and analyzed using statistical tests T, correlation and regression analysis were analyzed. Significance level of 0/05 was considered and SPSS version 20 statistical software was used for analysis. Statistical software was SPSS version 20 for analysis. The level of significance was considered as 0/05.

In generally, results indicate a significant relationship between perceived social support and religious support to the elderly was studied (r>1/378 and p <0.05).The Findings suggest a significant association between gender and health status was such that women had poorer health status than men (p <0.05). Also the population of elderly women than men had lower perceived social support and religious support (p<0.05).

The increase in the elderly population that future officials to solve planning problems elderly face. Then, attention to the factors affecting the health status of the elderly, General and older women in particular, including issues that require special attention.

To reduce occupational accidents and work-related diseases as well as improving satisfaction of working conditions, Assessment to identify risks and control measures are necessary. The aim of this study, applying ergonomic assessment indices Relative Stress Index (RSI) and Work Ability Index (WAI) to assess the job groups and ability of workers.

This study was conducted on 194 men employed in the textile industry. For assessing of job groups the Relative Stress Index (RSI) was used. Also, for assessing of personnels ability, Work Ability Index (WAI) was used. The procedure was the interview with the persons. Result analyzed with SPSS version 20.

Results of RSI for 15 job groups showed that all job groups were in the Green Zone or Safe (RSI greater than 7.6). Also results of WAI showed that only “Open” were to have good level of ability and other job groups were to have intermediate level of ability. It also was determined that there was a significant relationship between age and work experience with the results of the Work Ability Index (WAI).

Relative Stress Index (RSI) is a tool for macroergonomics assessment of job risks. Also, in six sets of tasks of RSI, levels of fitness are determined. But WAI, Ability to work is determined that is a wider meaning than the fitness. This index can reliably to predicted work disability, retirement and death.

suicide is one of the most important health problems in communities and knowledge of rates and epidemiology of it in any region could help in control and preventing programs. Longitudinal registration of annual death data has been employed in this study. In an analytical and cross sectional study pre conducted forms of suicide was engaged to register data, crude and specific attempted and completed suicides rates was computed along with other demographic variables. Statistical analysis includes estimation of relative risks and also correlation analysis between variables. Data were released from health province center of Bushehr University of medical sciences. Only suicide acts that resulted in hospitalization or death were included in the study. annual incidence of suicide in women was 5.7 and 2.88 in men per 100000 people in the province. Overall, 6.6 % of all suicide acts proved lethal (no significant difference between males and females), but number of attempt suicides and completed suicides in females were twice more comparing to males (RR=2.3 &1.98 respectively). Fatality rate of suicide acts in the whole was 6/6 percent and no significant difference observed between males and females. Poisoning with drugs accounted for 87% of acts but only 8% of fatalities. Self immolation accounted for only 6% of suicide acts but 71% of fatalities. hanging was the most fatal method(fatality rate 100%) followed by self immolation (fatality rate 69%).highest fatality rate was observed in unemployed men (9/3%) followed by housewife (7/2%). incidence of suicide in the province for men is lower and for women was higher than that was observed in the country, such as other deprived regions of the country. The most high risk groups for complete suicide were illiterate housewife and then unemployed men with low education. incomplete suicides almost happens under age 25 years in educated women single or married and in educated almost single men.

In the steel industry, coke-fueled furnaces are used for smelting iron ore to produce cast iron are considered as sources of annoying noise.This study aims to evaluate the noise pollution blast furnace and sound source characteristics in order to present noise control measures in the steel industry.

Measurement of noise level and its frequency analysis was performed using sound level meter model of CASELLA-Cell.450. Dosimetery in order to worker exposure was performed using the dosimeter model TES-1345.Distribution of noise level in the furnace area in form of noise map was provided using Surfer software. In addition, acoustic analysis of control and furnace workers rest rooms was performed in view point of and insulation.Redesign of door and window of control room and reform of worker's rest room were proposed and the efficiency of these interventions was estimated.

The total sound pressure level in the furnace workroom was 90.3dB(L) and the dominant frequency was 2000Hz. Sound transmission loss of the wall dividing the control room and rest room workers furnace 10.3 and 4.23dB, respectively. The average of noise dose in furnace worker was 240%. And sound transmission loss of the new The performance of the proposed control schemes based on sound insulation of rooms was estimated equal to 30dB.

The main cause of noise pollution caused by turbulent air flow in the air ducts furnace. The acoustic Shelter was designed for standard control room and rest as the most effective method of controlling worker's exposure to noise. Accordingly, the workers received a noise dose of less than 100% can reduce.