نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 56، خرداد 1393)

Physical activity is an important component of the various aspects of life, and pay ing attention to th is issue has an important role on the mental health of students. Considering the importance of physical activity and fitness and mental health and the role of student's educational system, a study was conducted to examine the relationship between physical activity and general health of the student s of the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 300 students were selected randomly as statistical sample. T o collect the data, a questionnaire including personal characteristics, general health standards (GHQ28), and Beck Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (T, Pearson correlation and multiple regression) were used. The Mean physical activity of the students is less than average, and the mental health of more than half of the participants were below standard. The results showed a significant correlation between the total score of physical activity and exercise with mental health, and mental health components with leisure time (p<0.05). Also the physical activity in leisure time has the ability to predict (22) percent of the amount of mental health. The results showed that in general, there was a significant positive correlation between the amount of physical activity and mental health in the population under study. In other words, physical activity participation leads to increased levels of mental health in a given community.

Menopause is a period that in which fertility change s to infertility. I n long run, symptoms like hot flashes, night sweating, decentralization and increas ing of heart disease can occur. The aim of this study was examining the effect of aerobic exercise on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Fifty healthy postmenopausal women (age 45-60 years) were selected by convenience sampling method, and they were randomly assigned to control (n=20) and experimental (n=30) groups. The exercise protocol included aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 30 min at the first session and gradual increase to 55min at the final session), with intensity of 50-70(HRR). Before and after each aerobic exercise session, menopause symptoms and quality of life evaluated respectively by menopause Scale Green and Utian Quality Of Life Scale. For comparison of means within and between means, paired and independent t-test was used respectively. Subscales of menopausal symptoms like physical, mental, anxiety and depression were decreased significantly in postmenopausal women after aerobic training. S exual and vasomotor symptoms during this period were not changed significantly. Subscales of quality of life such as job satisfaction, health, sensation and sexual scales increased significantly (P<0.05). Results showed that aerobic training reduced significantly menopause symptoms, physical and mental degeneration, anxiety, depression. It also increased the quality of life in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that aerobic exercise lead to reduc ing menopausal symptoms, so it is recommend ed for women to put the exercise program in their daily life to decrease the effects of menopause.

the existing aerosols in air can be a factor for separation of microorganisms. Bio aerosols are one of the most important ways of infectious illnesses separation. The aim of this investigation is to compare potential of separation of fungal aerosols in air around Tehran’s Milad hospital, Tehran’s shahrake gharb waste water treatment plant and blood transfusion organization. This cross- sectional investigation was done in Milad hospital, blood transfusion organization and Tehran’s sharke ghods waste water treatment plant from Mars 2012 until June 2013. The sampling was done passively according to EPA sampling calendar in the year 2013, for 1 hour once every 6 days. The culture medium for fungal samples was sabouraud dextrose agar and for bacterial samples was Trypticase Soy agar. After sampling, they were transferred to laboratory, and they were analyzed. At the same time, the temperature, humidity, wind speed and UV light indexes were measured in the sampling areas. Comparing selected sampling stations, it was shown that the most bacterial density was for aeration digester of waste water treatment plant (3303CFU/plate), and the least density was for100 meters after the last unit of waste water treatment plant (529 CFU/plate). Dominant type of fungal in Milad hospital and blood transfusion organization was related to Staphylococcus (46% and 49.6% respectively), and it was related to Bacillus (36.3%) in waste water treatment plant. The most fungal density was for 100 meters after the last unit of waste water treatment plant (67 CFU/plate) and the least density was for Milad hospital (30 CFU/plate). Dominant genera of fungal in waste water treatment plant and blood transfusion organization was related to Cladosporium(in order of 49% and 84%)and in air around Milad hospital was related to Alternaria (47%). According to the results of the study, microbial aerosol density in the air around processing and operating sections of waste water treatment plant was more than milad hospital and blood transfusion organization. In another words processing and operating sections in waste water treatment plants affect microbial density. Appropriate administration of environment health in waste water treatment plant can be an important factor in the reduction of aerosol separation. Also it seems to be vital that the responsible organizations should do the necessary actions to develop guidelines and standards related to microbial pollutions.

Uterine leiomyoma is one of the most common benign tumors of the uterus that causes so many problems for women such as uterine bleeding. Medical treatment of this disease is temporary so women may compel to hysterectomy that is definitive treatment of leiomyoma. Nowadays researches show that most of the disease can be prevented by changing the life style. Since researches emphasis the role of exercise in prevention of disease, so the present study was done with the aim of comparison of physical activity in women with and without uterine leiomyoma in Tabriz 2010. In this descriptive – comparative study, by doing pilot study, the number of sampling estimated to be 400 people. With convenience sampling, we selected 200 leiomyomato women and 200 women without leiomyoma that were matched with cases in age and parity as a control group, and they were given to complete a questionnaire contain demographic information and physical activities. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 13. Study of physical activity (doing house chore alone, swimming, walking, running and yoga) in two groups represented significant relationship between physical activity and exercise, and uterine leiomyoma. So that 85% of women without uterine leiomyoma have always physical activity while 14.3% women with leiomyoma have done always a physical activity. Finding of this research related to physical activity and uterine leiomyoma, showed the necessity of encouraging women in doing exercise to prevent of leiomyoma.

P lacement of gastric tubes is a common procedure in patients. Blind placement of the tubes cause inadvertent feeding tube placement into the respiratory tract which can have serious consequences. Despite the prevalence of gastric tube placement, no reliable and definitive method has been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of capnography to compare with the accuracy of radiography in detecting the location of gastric tubes. In this prospective observational study (process research) 85 eligible patients were randomly selected in a convenience sample. The study was done in 2 parts, first it was done by evaluating the accuracy of capnography in detecting tracheal positioning in a control group of 10 consecutive patients receiving mechanically ventilated patients, then, all placements utilized a two-step radiographic method. Capnography was added to the procedure. Data analysis was performed using statistical software spss 16. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of capnography to distinguish between gastric and respiratory tube placement was 100%. Capnography accurately identified all intratracheal feeding tube placements. Applying capnography would significantly save time and costs. Capnography should be considered as a routine method in placing feeding tubes to improve patient safety.

Striae gravidarum (SG) is the most common change in connective tissue among pregnant women which seems undesirable to many of them. The aim of this study was to determine the possible risk factors for the development of SG among women who had first pregnancy. A descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted on 400 primiparous women delivering at Emam Reza hospital of Urmia city. All of them were assessed during the labor period for presence of SG by questionnaire. The data were collected via questionnaire and physical examination. The dependent variables in study group were the presence and absence of striae and the severity of striae which was evaluated by Atwal’s score. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t- test and Fisher exact test by using SPSS 20. Out o f the 400 women, 346(86.5%) women had SG, while 30(8.7%), 157(45.4%), 111(32.1%), and 48 (13.9%) had very mild, mild, moderate and severe stria respectively. The most common site of SG was abdomen. Family history of SG in mother, big abdominal and hip girths, maternal age, family income, mean weight gain during pregnancy were associated with SG. T his study has shown that both genetic and physical factors may play an important role in development of SG.

Chewing gum is a type of false nutritional capillaries of the nerve between the brain, and it stimulates the stomach and speed s the return of bowel function. This study investigated the effects of chewing gum on postoperative bowel movement after cesarean. In this clinical trial, 92 pregnant women who have had cesarean section in Bent-al-Hoda hospital Bojnoord, were included in the study. Inclusion criteria included cesarean section without complications and emergencies. The subjects were randomly assigned in to two groups; consumer group Gum n=46, and control group n=46. Mothers receive d the sugar free chewing gum three times a day at 8, 14, 20 o’clock, the control group received a routine normal diet postoperative. All women marked in a check list their first feel of the movement of Prytalysm, their first feeling of flatus and sense of first stool. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 16. The mean age was 29 years, 46/6% of mothers didn’t graduate from high school,, %80/7 were housewives, 53/3% had female newborns and % 46/7 had male newborns. T test based on the time of bowel movements were significantly different between the two groups (p=0.04). The new approach to the use of non-pharmaceutical medicine can be safe. Since chewing gum is a low risk method comparing to the complicated equipment s and training s.

Reflection is a basic method in education that affected on the promotion of knowledge and skill in clinical status. It was shown that learning needs using methods which lead to student’s personal active participation in learning process. Reflection is one of the active education methods. This methods lead to the promotion of the ability and professional competence. This is a quasi-experimental study with one group, post-test design. The sample consisted of 47 nursing student recruited by census. In this study, the students were asked to reflect on their performance in clinical setting for four consecutive weeks. A guideline for reflective thinking was given to the students, and they were asked to write their reflections about clinical care in personal journals. The data were collected by a self-constructed questionnaire, and they were analyzed by using spss (v16). Most of the students (70/2%) believed that reflection has influenced their sense of ability and self-esteem. There was significant relationship between the student’s perspectives in time domain and academic achievement (p<001). There was also significant relationship between personal, organizational domains and interest in nursing respectively (p<0/02,p<004). Personal domain of reflection was the most prominent subscale from the students, perspective (14/8±2/3). Reflection empowers nursing student’s thinking, and it improves their ability and self-esteem. Employing this method in nursing clinical education is recommended.

Postpartum depression is a common psychiatric disorder which c an create serious problems for the mother and infant. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between primiparous depression and anxiety, and stress in after normal vaginal delivery. 100 post-partum women of Arefian hospital were selected by r andom sampling method to be included in the study. P rimiparous women ’s rate of depression, stress, and anxiety were used for data collection. DASS questionnaire was used as the instrument of d ata collect ion. Data analysis was performed by using P earson correlation coefficient test. The results indicate d that t here is a significant positive relationship between depression, anxiety (P <.001, R =. 55). The results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between stress, and depression (P <. 001), (R =. 67). Results indicate d a significant positive relationship between levels of stress and anxiety in the 0.01. Conciusion: The results of this study emphasizes paying more attention on maternal health screening programs. P sychology s upport and counseling can be used for woman’s health promotion in routine after delivery& prenatal care.

The aim of the present study was to examine the moderating role of self- efficacy in relationship between occupational stress with Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job satisfaction among faculty members of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The statistical population of the study includes faculty members of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The sample of the study consists of 149 selected through random sampling. The methodology used in this study is descriptive of correlation type. The date were collected through questionnaire consists of self- efficacy (M allse, 2008), Hoy and Palao Organizational Citizenship Behavior(2004), Brayfield Job satisfaction(1951), Havs & Rezoo occupational stress (1972) questionnaire. The coefficient of reliability is in order:. /73,. /74,. /75,. /76. To analyze the dat a, the study uses some techniques such as decretive statistics, average, standard deviation, and some inferential statistics such as coefficient of correlation and T, F test, and analysis of variance. The results of the study indicates that there is significant and negative relationship between occupational stress with self- efficacy, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job satisfaction. T here is significant relationship between self- efficacy with Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job satisfaction. Meanwhile, self- efficacy in relationship between occupational stress, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job satisfaction have moderating role. The research shows that the university officials should plan for ongoing evaluation of occupational stress, job satisfaction and organizational factors among faculty members of the university.