فصلنامه پژوهش ها و سیاست های اقتصادی
پیاپی 69 (بهار 1393)

Income distribution is one of the most important economic issues and many researches have been conducted in different countries related to this field. The main objective of this study is investigating the effect of inflation on income distribution and performance of government compensation policies. In order to do so، patterns of effective factors on Gini coefficient and twenty percent share of income have been used. Gini coefficient pattern and effective factors pattern on twenty percent estimated respectively by least of squares (OLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) methods. According to results of Gini index model estimation f inflation rate، unemployment rate، total government expenditure and ratio of asset portion of the highest 10 percent to the lowest 10 percent have negative effect on inequality and increase of basic goods subsidies and asset portion of lowest 40 percent، inequality would improve inequality. Results of estimated Gini Index model showed the increase of Coefficients of inflation rate، unemployment rate، Subsidies of basic goods and ratio of asset portion of the highest 10 percent to the lowest 10 percent، increase inequality. And increase of asset portion of lowest 40 percent، decrease inequality.

The study investigates the nature of profitability on the base of efficient structure and market power theories in Iranian pharmaceutical industry during 2001-2007. The efficient structure theory considers the increase in profitability of industry to be a result of the increase in efficiency. The study applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to calculate the various types of efficiency for the existing firms in the Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry. The results indicated that the industry concentration indicators have a positive and significant impact of on the profitability in the industry. Therefore، the theory of market power is confirmed in Iranian pharmaceutical industry.

The human capital has been considered as the most important factor in the economic growth models. On the other hand، social capability has been seen one of the factors of the economic growth social capital and trust as its main element have gained a vital role in economic growth studies. This paper studies the relationship between growth and social capital. The results show that the social capital has a significant effect on the economic growth. On the other hand، the economic factors could have an important role in improving or declining the social capital.

AFLQ is a non-statistical method to derive the regional Input-Output table from the national one. Considering the costs and the time، it is the best method for extension of national input-output table to regional. AFLQ introduced by Flegg et al. have been evolved through time and confirmed by various tests but still have some defects. The main deficiency regards to its wrong evaluation of weak sectors، particularly، if a sector has a small locational ratio it is very likely to be determined as demand leading sector which have a dispersion index above one. The empirical AFLQ method results show that in the west-Azerbaijan region، as an example، an index above one is assigned to ten sectors out of its thirteen weak sectors. This study proposes a new MFLQ method to adjust weak sectors. The results show that the new MFLQ method does this job with fewer errors than AFLQ method.

In order to evaluate the energy intensity changes، we can assess income-elasticity of energy demand. Because constant energy intensity means that there is a proportional relation between energy consumption growth and GDP growth or equally، unit income elasticity. Also، energy intensity evolution per cent is proportional to economic growth rate and energy demand income elasticity. So in order to analyze energy intensity، we metalize energy demand in ECO members and measure energy demand income elasticity. The results of a Panel Threshold Regression model (PTR) with a threshold variable that is defined as a function of GDP per capita، show heterogeneity of the energy demand models in this panel. On the other hand the results of this model estimation for ECO members indicate that income-elasticity is less than one and the amount of energy demand growth is not equal to GDP growth. However the results of article point out the long-term decline of income-elasticity in most of the ECO members. Also، the near income-elasticity’s of panel countries arise from similar economic structures. Prediction of Energy Intensity evolution by income-elasticity estimations reveals that، it decreases as economic growth increases in ECO members.

Expansion of globalization of economics phenomenon made many developing countries particularly Iran، to pay special attention to regional relations and cooperation of countries for the purpose of gaining interest. Cooperation with such countries encourages Iran to pave the ground for preferential commerce and economic convergence with itself. The present research aims to Study the creation of preferential commercial agreement between Iran & Brics”. In this study by determining relative comparative advantage، commercial potential and complementary commerce in imports and exports that are concerned in international scale we tried to clarify opportunities of commercial convergence of Iran with Brics and to make decision about them. World Bank & Commercial Information Bank of the World Bank، Wits data during (2000-2010) have bean used in this study. Data have been analyzed by Drisdel index for complementary commerce، suggested method of UNCTAD for determining Commercial Potential Index POT & relative comparative advantage (RCA).

In this paper we study the existence of the Armey curve in Iran، which states that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the government size and the economic growth. To that end، we use quarterly data during 1988:1-2008:2. Instead of relying on a binomial model، which is very popular in the literature، we use a smooth transition regression (STR). STR models are very flexible، and binomial models are considered as a special case of the STR models. The results show that there is a nonlinear connection، i. e.، a threshold effect، between the government spending and the growth rate in the Iran''s economy. The threshold level of government size is 14. 29% of the GDP. However، we cannot confirm the existence of Armey curve in the Iran''s economy because the relationship is negative in the first regime (before the threshold) and it is positive in the second regime. In other words، the link between the government size and economic growth is U-shaped in Iran.

sukukFixed assets burden on the balance sheets of major banks of the country as locked resources and may not be utilized properly. With regard to the compilation of the issuance guideline of lease bonds (Sukuk) in capital market in 2009 and after finalization of this guideline by Central Bank in the early 2012، using this financial instrument، these assets could be changed into the productive banking resources، and exploited in economic plans. Banks have taken preliminary steps to issue lease bonds and have achieved some experiences that could be referred to for decision-making. Also it could help the economy to make appropriate decisions in facilitation of banking finance through changing the fixed assets and real estates of banking system into productive banking resources. The main objective of this research is to investigate the barriers of issuance of lease sukuk in state banks and to present applied solutions. In order to achieve this aim، the researcher has applied descriptive–analytic method and employed comparative comparison، by-laws and the governing law of the Stock–Exchange Organization and the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results show that despite compilation of the issuing process of lease stock in the Stock- Exchange Organization and Central Bank، due to the structural difficulties such as: lack of specific solution to sell the assets of state banks to intermediary company، absence of related institutions regarding issuance of lease sukuk in guidelines and procedures of Central Bank، non-inclusion of the law regarding development of instruments and new financial instruments on the exemption of taxes and duties in the guideline of the Central Bank، lack of a unified custodian for issuance of lease sukuk and etc، there is no possibility to make use of this efficient instrument within state banks. In this research، enforceable and operational solutions have been given to institutionalize the lease sukuk instrument.

In this article، using Iran''s Manufacturing Data during (1979-2007)، we try to measure the degree of monopoly power and agreement (Collusion) in Automotive and Textile Industries. The strategic nature is the main reason to study these two industries. The study employs Conjectural Variation and Agreement Approach to evaluate monopoly power. Using SUR approach، we estimate cost function and input demands simultaneously. The results of this study indicate mutual interdependence between firms and also high degree of Agreement and high monopoly power in automotive Industry، while the degree of Agreement in Textile Industry is low