نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، پاییز و زمستان 1387)

Flunixin meglumine is one of the non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs with analgesic and antipyretic properties. This drug acts via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway. This study was carried out to evaluate the histopathological effects of flunixin meglumine on kidney of rat. For this purpose، 32 male Spragudawly rats were divided into 4 equal groups randomly. Groups 1، 2 and 3 received 2/5، 3/5 and 5 mg/kg/day flunixin meglumine respectively. Rats in group 4 received normal saline، as control. At the end of the experiment، rats in group 4 were euthanized and with dead rats in other groups were necropsized. Histopathologic examinations showed that the most prominent microscopic changes as infarction and medullary necrosis were in group 3. The results of the present study revealed that nephrotoxicity of flunixin meglumine is dose dependent and consumption of this drug must be with caution.

Theranekron is an alcoholic extract of the venom of Tarantula cubensis، which effects on demarcation and epithelialization of inflammatory tissue. Although، there are a few reports about the effects of theranekron on the inflammation process، it can be used in cow، horse، sheep، goat، pig and dog. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of theranekron following subcutaneous administration. For this purpose، thirty rats (weight 250 ± 30 gr) were chosen and divided randomly into two groups. Under sterile condition، a circular incision of 1. 5 centimeters of diameter was created in each rat on back. Rats in group one received 1μg/kg theranekron after surgery and at day 4 after surgery، subcutaneously. Rats in group two received the same volume of normal saline at similar times، subcutaneously. On the day seven after surgery، rats were anaesthetized and from the site of wounds specimens were taken. The same time from the heart of each rat 2 ml blood was collected. The results of the present study showed that theranekron can prevent the blood picture changes. In addition، histopathological studies showed that at the site of surgery، there are less inflammatory cells in the rats of group one compared to group two. From the results of the present study، it can be concluded that theranekron can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Diarrhea is the primary cause of deaths in the immune incompetent neonatal calves. On the other hand، a functional immune system requires nutrient (such as; energy، proteins، minerals and vitamin A، D and E) inputs for cellular production and maintenance. The interaction between efficient immune system and measure pathogens that cause diarrhea is very important. To this reason and to determine the mineral changes during diarrhea، selenium، zinc and copper concentration in serum were measured by Potentiometric Stripping Analaysis (PSA) and Constant Current Stripping Analysis (CCSA) methods in 35 healthy and 35 calves with diarrhea. Results indicated that serum concentration of copper in diarrheic calves was significantly lower than that healthy ones (P<0. 05). This finding may describe the copper role on preventing and treatment of diarrhea.

Salmonellosis is concidered as one of the most widespread infectious diseases in industrialised as well as developing countries because of wide range of Salmonella serotypes and different resourses. Fortunately the incidence of thyphoid fever has decreased but non-typhoidal salmonellosis has increased in recent years. Clinical diagnosis by signs and symptoms is very difficult because they are not specific. Different methods have been used for laboratory diagnosis of Salmonella infections that include isolation of bacteria and serological methods. The serological methods are popular in developing countries since the isolation of bacteria is time consuming and is not suitable for epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was evaluation of rapid slide agglutination test (SAT) in primary diagnosis of salmonellosis caused by group B Salmonella.Four hundred and thirty five blood samples were collected from 262 and 173 male and female outpatients respectively in Esfahan, Iran. The presense of anti-salmonella antibodies determined by SAT using coloured antigen. The anti-salmonella titres of all sero-positive and 50 sero-negative sera were determined by tube agglutination (Widal O) and slide tests.One hundred and twenty four (28.5%) sera were positive and 311 (71.5%) were negative by SAT. The anti-salmonella antibodies titre of 51(41.1%), 44 (35.5%), 21(16.4%) and 8 (6.5%) were <20, 20, 40 and 80 respectively. The GMT (geometrical mean titre) of positive samples was 27.8. At all, 6.5% of samples were seropositive included 62.5% female and 27.5% male. The mean of WBC in patients with titre equal or more than 80 was 8675. There was a significant difference between WBC of titre 80 and <80 but no difference between titre 80 and <20 (p<0.05). So WBC count is not a valuable factor in primary diagnosis of seropositive samples. None of seronegative sera in SAT showed positive results by Widal test. We foun...

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of epithelial keratinocytes occurs in domestic animals and birds. A two-years-old pigeon with a mass of abnormal tissue on the lower left eyelid was refered to veterinary clinic of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. After examination, surgical treatment was done. Histopathologic evaluations revealed the invasion of tumurous keratinocytes into the dermis. Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and keratin pearls were characteristic. Based on microscopic findings, squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. Macroscopic and microscopic findings in the present article are different from previous reports. According to the authors knowledge this is the first report of squamous cell carcinoma in pigeon.

The objective of the present study was comparative assessment of serum beta-hydroxy butyraye and Rothera test on milk for diagnosis of subclinical ketosis in high production dairy cattle. Serum and milk samples of 100 dairy cattle around Zarghan city were taken at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post parturation. Rothera test was positive in 30 samples. Considering the concentration if 1000 and 1200 µmol/L of serum betahydroxybutyrate for diagnosis of subclinical ketosis, the Rothera test was positive for 42 and 32 milk sampels. Using the concentration of 1000 µmol/L of serum betahydroxybutyrate as indication of subclinical ketosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 70%, 100%, 100% and 83% respectively. Considering the concentration of 1200 µmol/L of serum betahydroxybutyrate as indication of subclinical ketosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 94%, 100%, 100% and 97% respectively. Therfore it was concluded that the Rothera test on milk samples can be used as an easy and rapid test for diagnosis of sun clinical ketosis in cattle. The highest prevalence of subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle was at 4 weeks post parturition.

A male lamb was born in mixed sheep and goat (with 650 head) flock in South- East of Tabriz (Hervy) on January 11, 2007. The breed of this lamb was Gezel and showed brachygnathia and Cleft palate. Lambing of ewe was associated with dystocia. On physical examination day, lamb was 2 days old. The dam had not anomalies in previous lambing (according to client speech). Macroscopic examination presents the case had not palate (hard and soft) and length from nostril to commissure of the lip measured 11 cm. In maxilla was an opening with 1.5 cm in width and 8 cm in length. The mandible bone had not any joint connection with temporal bones in both sides. The length of mandible was 7 cm. Analysis of urine and blood samples presented any significant variation expect a mild lymphopenia (2580/µl). Feeding of this flock was on pasture and occasionally with little wheat silage; bread and bran were given in necessary time. It is suspected that multiple genes cause congenital anomaly in skeletal system and distinguished a single gene is very difficult, especially when the clinical case is very few for study. Teratogenic factor such as toxic plant is one of major etiology in congenital anomalies that always should be considered.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) leading to pregnancy has been studied from long time ago and many experiments have been carried in this aspect. One of the animals used as a mammal model was rabbite in which the first steps of IVF technology have been tested. These research is now routinely carried to find more suitable media, detect effective factors as well as eliminate unwanted ones. Of media used for in vitro fertilization of rabbite Oocytes are M16 and BO but it is not yet known which is more suitable. The aim of this study is to compare them concerning IVF and the subsequent development of zygotes derive in the experiments.Semen were collected from bucks by an artificial vagina centrifuged in M16/BO, sperm concentration, viability and motility were assessed and then were transferred into a CO2 incubator until they were used for IVF. Oocytes were washed out from oviducts of duperovulated does into the same media. Twenty for to 48 h post insemination zygotes were examined for assessment of fertilization and fuether development.Result showed that significantly (p<0/05) higher penetration rates were obtained in M16 medium (31.25%) comparing to those inseminated in BO medium (17.07%). Superisingly, the 4-cell embryos were significantly (p<0/05) higher penetration rates were obtained in BO medium comparing to M16 medium (57.15% and 24% 4 cell stage for BO and M16 media respectively). The results of the present study indicated that although fertilization rates of rabbit oocytes are higher in M16 medium comparing to BO medium, it is likely that fertilization in BO medium can support further development of rabbite zygotes.

This study was to determine the bacterial contamination of industrial eggs in Esfahan city randomly.250 eggs were collected, from the stores of the city and were examined for isolation of bacteria from inner shell, albumen and vitelline using selective enrichment broth and agar to isolate the Salmonellae, E.coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and proteus.The results showed that 10.8% (27/250) of samples were contaminated with gram negative bacteria, E.coli (7.2%), Klebsiella (1.6%), Proteus (1.6%) and citrobacter (0.4%). The results showed that 8% of inner shell, 6% of albumen and 5.2% of vitelline were contaminated at least with one of the isolated bacteria, no salmonella were isolated from the tested samples.

This study evaluated the humoral immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Streptococcus iniae, a regional fish pathogen, the aetiological cause of streptococcosis with a septicemic infection in rainbow trout cultured in Fars province as well as other provinces in Iran. For this, two different preparation of antigens including heat killed and formalin killed antigens were prepared. Ninety fish in six groups were exposed to these antigens via three routes of administration including intraperitoneal injection (107 killed bacterium/fish), immersion (107 killed bacterium/ml) and oral (107 killed bacterium/fish). For control group 15 rainbow trout injected with phosphate buffered saline were used. Fish were bled 30 days after immunization, serum sample was collected from each fish and the fish humoral response was detected by ELISA. Results showed that using both antigens by injection route induced the highest humoral response similarly. Immersed fish in both antigens showed significant humoral responses with a significant higher response by heat killed streptococcal antigens (P<0.05). Oral immunization of rainbow trout with streptococcal antigens did not reveal a significant immune response when compared with control.

To evaluation of clinical examination for differential diagnosis of navicular region pain from other forms of palmar heel pain in the forelimb of horses the present study was undertaken.Thirty four horses with lameness referable to the palmar aspect of the hoof based on their response to the palmar digital nerves analgesia were divided into 2 groups based on their response to both distal interphalangeal joint and navicular bursa analgesic injection. Horses that were profoundly improved by both analgesic blocks were considered to have navicular region pain whereas, all other horses were considered to have other cause of palmar heel pain. The responses to various diagnostic tests such as hoof tester, distal limb flexion and frog and toe wedge tests were compared between the groups.For all diagnostic tests, sensitivity, specifity, accuracy and positive predictive values for navicular pain were calculated. Nineteen of 34 horses had navicular region pain. There was no difference in the responses between groups.The single most accurate diagnostic test was analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint for navicular region pain.

The effects of starvation and its correlation with heamatocrit and water content are studied in rainbow trout. A rise in whole weight and length was found in fed animals. heamatocrit was reduced and it has significant change in fed and unfed group. Significant differences were observed for the most morphological indexes in feeding group. A decrease in moisture content in the muscle composition in induced by feeding. Despite of increase in water content of unfed group, Changes in water content were not significant in either group. Results indicate that starvation can significantly reduce condition factor and dry weight (p<0.05). Negative correlations were found between water content and so most of the other factors measured in fed group and between heamatocrit and most of the other factors measured in unfed group. Positive correlations were seen between dry weight and condition factor in both group, but that its significantly in feeding group.