نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 1، پاییز و زمستان 1386)

In this research, Quil-A and levamisole were used for ten days as immunostimolants by immersion (40 and 50 mg/lit for Quil-A and levamisole, respectively) and oral route(5 and 10 mg for Quil-A, and 20 and 40 mg for levamisole) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) mean body weight of 75 grams. Twenty days after the last dosing, blood and mucus samples were collected and serum and mucus lysozyme activity were determined. Results showed that lysozyme activity was increased significantly(P<0.05) in all experimental groups except the group given high oral doses of levamisole as compared to the control group. Among the groups receiving oral doses of Quil-A no significant differences (P<0.05) was observed in the serum and mucus lysosmal activity. In addition, in all three groups given Quil-A, lysozyme activity of both serum and mucus was significantly increased when compared with the control group. It is generally concluded that Quil-A with 5 and 10mg oral doses is preferred to stimulate the non-specific immune response of common carp.

The present study was conducted to determine thrush distribution among an horse population in North East of Iran and to gain objective data about the nature of lesions and age and sex distribution of affected horses. During summer 2000 and 2001, 318 show jumping horses at ridding schools in Mashhad (North East of Iran) were clinically examined for Thrush. The horses that exhibited black discharge in the sulci of the frog or exhibited some or total necrosis of the frog were diagnosed as affected animals. The factors recorded were age, sex and number of diseased hooves. The disease was graded on a scale 1 up to 3 depend to the severity of the lesion(s). As the grade 3 indicated more severe changes in the frog. Chi-squared analysis was used for statistical analysis and the significance level set as The percentage of total affected horses were 60.4 % (192 horses), with percentage increasing significantly in 7-10 years age group. Occurrence of the thrush independent of sex and was more frequent in the fore – than in the hind hooves and developed of the grade 2 and 3 was more frequently at the fore – than in the hind hooves.

Hoof trimming and shoeing one of the traditional aspects of horsemanship in Charmahal and Bakhtiari province. Traditional use of horses, mules and donkeys in this province made owners to follow special patterns of foot care. In order to investigate traditional pattern of hoof trimming and shoeing 71 horses in 20 horse holding areas in Shahrekord were studied. Fifty one percent of horses were shod that 87% of were riding and 13% were draft horses. Fifty six percent of horses under study just shod on forelims. Twenty percent of horse owners shod their horses 1-2 times and 80% 3-4 times a year. Toe and heel height and also dorsal hoof angle efore and after trimming were evaluated to analyze the quality of trimming that were in normal range. Shoushtari (padded shoe), Zanjani (semi padded shoe), Najafabadi (Wide web shou) and Russian or governmental shoes (like today ordinary shoes) recorded as traditional shoes in this region. Mountain nails, Russian and Shoushtari nails also used as shoeing nails in this area.

The birds (including domestic hens) are always referred the veterinary clinics with various disorders and diseases of coelomiccivility. some of these disorders would be recognized by ultrasonography very easily. In this study 20 adult domestic apparently healthy hens were provided (10 hens 10 roosters). Sonography examination was performed using 5 MHZ linear transducer from various organs and from different approaches for obtaining sagital and transverse images after routine preparations. The shape, size and echogenicity of different organs were assessed. The birds was slaughtered and sonographic findings were compared with finding of necropsy. The results indicated that some organs such as heart, liver, gall bladder, spleen, gizzard, ovary, mature and immature follicles can be imaged easily and on the other hand, some organs such as kidneys and testes could not be observed due to some limitations in this study.

A laboratory study was undertaken to extend existing knowledge about the effectiveness of the antibacterial properties of honey against Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Honey in 10%, 20% and 25% dilutions(V/V) provided in tryptose soy broth (TSB) medium.About 106 CFU/ml of S.aureus and/or E.coli,added to experimental trials and incubated at 4 and 30 degree centigrade for 120 hours. The number of bacteria counted after 0,8,16,24,48,96 and 120 hours post inoculation. Results showed that antibacterial activity of honey was higher at 30 degree centigrade than 4 degree centigrade. Antibacterial activity of honey was more against S.aureus than E.coli.

One experiment was conducted to study the effects of acetic acid on broiler performance. One hundred nightly eight day-old Ms, Mg and Sp free broiler chicks were randomly allotted to a 3*6 factorial arrangement of treatments from day 1 to 42. Dietary teretment consisted of 2% acetic acid (with 99.5% purity) and a control group (group 6) which received no growth promotion. Groups 1-5 received acetic acid during 0-2, 0-4, 2-4, 4-6 and 0-6 weeks of age respectively. Feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion raio were calculated weekly. At 42 days of age, birds fed the diet containing 2% acetic acid during 4-6 weeks (group 5) had body weight significantly (P<0.05) higher than body weight of the control group and four other groups feed conversion ratioo of chicks the group 5 on the during 6 to 7 weeks of age was significantly improved when acetic acid added to the control diet. However, the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain during 1 to 42 days of age were not significant improved.

There are afew studies about hormonal event and reproductive physiology of goat specifically about of existance vacuole in corpus luteum in Iran. Therefore, this study was under taken to compare the level of progesterone in vacuolated C. L. goot and unvacuolated C. L. goot، assessment of ovalatiom in right and left ovarys and so determine rate of double ovalation at abattoir of Ahwaz, over the breeding season. 86 mature female goats selected and the inspection of goats were done before the slaughter. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein and serum progesterone concentration were measured by RIA method. The genital tracts were examined visually, detail of the corpus luteums of ovary were recorded. Results showed that 19. 76% (n=17) of goats had one vacuolated corpus lutum. In 86 goats of research 55. 4% (n=48) of goats had one corpus luteum, 30. 23% (n=26) of goats had tow corpus luteum and 14% (n=12) of goats without corpus luteum. Statistical Analysis of data were done by used of T-test and Proportion-test methods in SPSS software. the mean (±SD) level of progesterone in vacuolated C. L. goats was 1. 99± 0/42ng/ml and in unvacuolated C. L. goats was 2. 15 ± 0/31ng/ml. although the level of progesterone in unvacuolated C. L. goats was higher than the vacuolated C. L. goats, but this difference wasnt significant (P>0. 05). In 74 goats with corpus luteum, there were 49 (66. 2%) corpus luteum on Right ovary and 37 (50%) corpus luteum on left ovary. Results indicated that the percent of active right ovarys was significantly more than the active left ovarys (P<0. 05). Double Ovalation rate of goats 30. 23% was determined in this study. Finally, it appears that the existence of vacuolated C. L. in goat is a physiologic phenomenon to reasons the high frequency rate and equal level of progesterone than the unvacuolated (natural) C. L.

Currently, the most convincing diagnostic of chicken infectious bronchitis, is the virus isolation inembryonated chicken egg, fllowwed by RT-PCR identification of the virus. To isolate the viral RNA of infectious bronchitis virus, so far different protocols have been applied. In the present study, two viral RNA isolation methods, Guanidine isothiocyanate or SDS. Proteinase K have been compared. RNA isolated by each method was tested in RT-PCR and also measured by spectrophotometer. Based on the results of RT-PCR and RNAmeasurement, the isolation method by Guanidine isothiocynate appears To have more efficient and consistent results than SDS- Proteinase K.

To determine zinc and manganese concentration in different types of soil and plant in Shahrekord district. 80 composite soil (before cultivation) and 80 related plants (after full vegetative growing) and 190 serum samples (calf, dry and dairy cattle) were collected and zinc and manganese concentrations were measured by atomic absorption. Plants included alfalfa, clover, oat and wheat.Average and standard deviation of data’s were determined and Correlation coefficient between zinc and manganese concentration of soil and its plant were estimated by Excel program.Soil zinc levels under alfalfa, clover, oat and wheat farms were and corresponding concentrations in plants were dry matter, respectively. Zinc serum concentration in bovine species at different physiological status were as follows; calf, dry cow, and dairy cattle,. Soil manganese levels under alfalfa, clover, oat and wheat farms were and corresponding concentrations in plants were dry matter, respectively. Manganese serum concentration in bovine species at different physiological status was as follows; calf, dry cow, and dairy cattle,. Result indicated that in all studied areas zinc concentration in soil and its plant were lower than that normal range. But bovine serum concentration of zinc indicated that animals could uptake zinc requirements from ration in Shahrekord district. But results indicated that in all studied area manganese concentration in soil and their plants were favorable. It could be concluded that manganese deficiency is not a major problem in Shahrekord district. On the other hand significant positive and negative correlation between soil manganese and its related clover and oat were observed respectively. Bovine serum concentration of manganese indicated that animals could their manganese requirements from ration and high level of ration manganese could not alter the absorbability of this mineral by animals. This research project has been supported by Grant No. NRCI 4297.

In this study poultry carcasses from Khozestan Province industrial slaughterhouse were investigated between August and September in 2004. In order to determine the reasons of omitting the carcasses and the necessary studies were done on suspected cases of cellulitis and marekdisease. This was done in microbiological and histopathological point of view.The total slaughtered chicken in this slaughterhouse were 1793449 kg and 188898.93 kg of the were rejected chickens that is about 1.053 percent of the total carcasses. This amount includes cacheksi 18.36%. Septicemia 13.75%, wasted carcasses 33.4% cellulitis 4.48% marek, truma and cyanosis 11.17%, colibacilosis 6.03%, cooked carcasses 0.777%, secondary contamination 3.51%, gumboro 1.82%, synovitis 0.639% brounchitis and CRD 1.10%.Ascite 5.82% and were condemend chickens caused by cellulitis 4.48%. The average involvement in each flock was computed 1.2. The causative bacterial agent of the cellulitis was determined isolation and identification. In 80 samples cultured e.Coli was isolated from 72 samples (90%), staphyococcusspp isolated from 5 samples (6.25%) and steptococcusspp isolated from 3 samples (3.75%).

This study was to determine the microbial quality of trdditional ice-cream produced in shahrekord cityA total of loo samples were collected from street ice cream in spring and summer 1385 and bacteriological tests were done for total mesophilic count, colifrom and Einterobacteriacea count and isolation of L.monocytogenes The result of this study showed that 67% and 75% of the street ice creams are unacceptable according to the Iranian standard limit for Total mesophilic and enterobacteriacea count respectively The, mean value of the total mesophilic count was 3/6×106/ml and for Enterobacteriacea was 3×104/ml. The result of the tests to isolation of L.monocytogenes revealed that L.monocytogenes contaminated none of the samples but L.grayi was isolated from 4% of samples. According to the result of this study, street ice cream may not be as a vehicle for transmission of L.monocytogenes to human in this area.

Kidneys of slaughtered cattle (30 normal and 30 suspected to interstitiol nephritis), along with sera and urine have been gathered, in Shahrekord slaughterhouse. Kidneys have been studied histhopathologically. Sera and urine have been studied biochemically. In approved cases of interstitial nephritis, mononuclear inflammatory cells (Iymphocyte, macrophage and plasma cells) have been reported in the interstitium. Most lesions were observed among male cattle (73.3%). Biochemical examinations revealed rises in creatinine and BUN of urine and sera, and fractional excretion of sodium. There was consistent and significant carrelation between the severity of the microscopic lesions and the rise in above menetioned biochemical factors (P<0.05). It could be concluded that biochemical determination of above-mentioned factors is an easy and fast method for prediction o Kidney f chronic interstitial nephritis in suspected cases.

Garlic has been used for centuries as a herbal medicine in treating different diseases. Furthermore in the past two decades human, animal and in vitro studies have confirmed the ability of garlic to reduce plasma lipids in different species when they received a diet rich in lipid. As garlic is usually used in broilers diet and the diet is balanced in its lipid content, so the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of garlic on total serum cholesterol, total serum triglyceride and adipose tissues in chicken. For this purpose 100 male Ross 308 chickens were randomly divided into two groups. Chickens in group1, received 20 kg/ton dried, powdered fresh garlic from second day of their life. In group 2, garlic has been replaced with 20 kg/ton brane. In day 50 chickens were weighted out. Then chickens were sacrificed. Carcasses and adipose tissues were weighted out individually. During slaughtering blood samples were taken out and serum total cholesterol and total triglyceride were measured using routine laboratory methods. All samples were analysed and the results were assessed statistically using t. test. The results showed no significant changes in chickens weight and chickens carcasses weight, however significant decrease in total cholesterol, total triglyceride and adipose tissues, in group 1 compared with group 2 was observed (P<0.001). The results of present study suggest that fresh garlic is able to reduce total cholesterol, total triglyceride and adipose tissues in chickens.