مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال سوم شماره 3 (بهار 1390)

This study the effects of ethanolic extract of Fumaria with the scientific name of Fumaria parviflora that belongs to the family of Fumariacea as an anti-oxidan and interference of it with chlorambucil in testis tissue is considered. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect site of chlorambucil in testis tissue and protective role of the Fumaria ethanolic extract, against male wistar rats is grouped in six, seven group(n=7). The witness 1 group was served with only liquid oil; the witness 2 group was served only with 10 mg/kg w.b. chlorambucil. The treatment 1 group 150mg/kg w.b Fumaria ethanolic extract, the treatment groups 2, 3, 4 were served with10 mg/kg w.b. chlorambucil and 150, 250, 350mg/kgw.b. Fumaria ethanolic extract respectively Chl via gavage. After 15 days the rats should be analysed and their testis were brought out and after the morphometry studies, they were studied histologically. Germinal epithelium is considered and the number of cells were counted distinguish that chlorambucil in witness 2 group was very effective and the size of testis and the number of sperms were greatly decreased, but in treatment groups the changes were related to dosage of Fumaria ethanolic extract.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flowers on some walnut diabetes on diabetic male rats by measuring the amount of blood sugar and liver enzymes. The study on 80 male rats with 200 to 225 grams weight, which accidentally in three groups were performed. The first group: Control, Second: Diabetic 32 and next Group: Non-diabetic 32 over each of the groups to four are divided into eight categories: (A) The control group received normal saline, (B) treated with experimental group received the extract 2g/kg,) C) Received the extract 4g/kg, (D) Extract the downloaded 6g/kg. Eight rats were used for determination of lethal doses of LD50. For diabetes as IP 60mg/kg of streptozotocin were used. Rat daily for 15 days as a single dose extracts were treated at the end of the fifteenth day from the ventricular blood sampling were performed.Results showed a significant reduction blood sugar and ASAT,ALP in diabetics than non-diabetic group receiving thehydroalcoholic extractof male flowers walnut. However this effect is not dependent dose. In this study hydroalcoholic extract useful effect of male flowers Walnut liver damage due to inhibition and reduced blood sugar and liver enzymes levels, non-dose dependent, was observed.

Eremias montanus belonging to the family Lacertidae and is an endemic lizard of Iran. Endemic species because only certain geographical areas there are many values are for academic studies. In this study to find these regions to make a lot of Hamedan province were studied, but observed only in Alvand Mountain in 18 km Hamedan province. The research was performed from early April until late November in 2009; while this species spend hibernation and samples were collected by line transect method. In total 13 samples were collected the 10 specimens were mature and 3 specimens were immature and morphological, ecological and ethological studies were conducted on them. In this study, for the first time this species was detected in Hamedan province, whereas reported only in previous studies of Siah dareh Village in Kermanshah province.

The family Cyprinidae is the biggest family of freshwater fishes in the world. Previous systematic studies on the genus and species of Cyprinidae were mainly based on morphological characters. But nowadays molecular data are used for these purposes extensively. The main objective of this study is determining phylogenetic relationships of 5 species of Caspian Sea Cyprinids including: Vimba vimba persa, Rutilus frisii kutum, Barbus capito, Rutilus rutilus caspicus and Cyprinus carpio inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing. For this purpose 3 adult fish of each species were from Anzali wetland. 2 g of each specimen's dorsal fin was removed and stored in 96% ethyl alcohol. Genomic DNA was extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted on them using one pairs of cytochrome b primers. After electrophoresis, PCR product and primers were sent to Genfanavaran Corp. for sequencing. The phylogenic relationships were assessed with Mega 4. The results of this study showed that both Cyprinus carpio and Rutilus rutilus caspicus are located in the same cluster and evolutionary distance of these two species is very low. Rutilus frisii kutum with a little more evolutionary distance was located in a distinct cluster. Vimba vimba persa and Barbus capito also were located in other distinct clusters. On the other hand, all these five species were located in a separate cluster from Sander lucioperca which confirm the common ancestor for these five species. As a conclusion the results of this study showed that sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome b gene is a reliable method to investigate phylogenetic relationships among Iranian cyprinids.

The nutrition Biomar convention, calf heart, tubifex, blood worm, gammarus and artemia that the common aquarium fish shops as a common food nutrition of ornamental fish. This study was done to determine the best indicators of growth and survival on Severum that is one of the economic value and importance among the ornamental fish are found in Iran were investigated to determine which of the foods used in the growth of the most fish will Severum. This study for 8 weeks and 12 aquariums with 20 numbers of fish in each aquarium and the four treatments included: treatment 1: biomar, treatment 2: calf heart, treatment 3: tubifex, treatment 4: blood worm, treated 5: gammarus and six treatments: artemia with average weight 0.398 ± 0.16 g was performed. Amount of food required according to the weight of the biomass and 15 percent of body weight four times a day in hours 8, 12.16 and 20 were imported to any aquarium. Finally, data of each treatment were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and analysis of correlation. When differences were significant (P <0.05), Duncan test was done to mean comparison between treatments. There were significant differences between weight and body length of fishes (P <0.05). So that the maximum increase in body weight and length belong to treatment 1 and minimum belongs to treatment 5. The results also were identified between treatments studied in terms of FCR, CF, SGR, BWI and GR is significant difference (P <0.05). Based on the results of this study can be said that among the six types of food used biomar best effect on fish growth indicators severum and generally used for foods highest efficiency severum is as follows: biomar > calf herart< tubifex< blood worm< artemia < gammarus.

The Lizards on the network to life, food chain and ecosystems are outstanding dry place. Zoology around the world to identify these animals has done many studies. The results lead to new species by mapping their geographical distribution has been. Ardabil Province, including areas in which considerable research has been done on reptiles. Therefore, this study tried to limit the power and possibilities in the province and the study adhered to the sample. This study was done in 2009. The materials of the study were collected during spring, summer, fall and late winter. This reserch were collected 21 specimens at the Darevskia Genus, and Morphologic, morphometric and meristic characteristics have shown that 4 specimens collected are Darevskia chlorogaster. Furthermore, in this study the Darevskia chlorogaster was collected from East Ardabil province for the first time, however, its distribution map wasnt included in East Ardabil province.

The herbs Garlic, Elderberry, Black Seed have acknowledged therapeutic use in traditional medicine. With their immune-effective compounds, they are of much application in the traditional treatment of infections; the present study attempts a comparative investigation of the roles of the aforementioned herbs in the immune system and blood proteins. In this paper, the mice of the Balb/C genus were divided into four groups: control, 1, 2, and 3. Each of these received 50, 100, 200 mg/kg of garlic, elderberry, and Black Seed extracts respectively. The extract was injected using the inner peritoneum (IP) method every other day for 20 days. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were taken to conduct a count of white blood cells and an Electrophoresis of blood proteins. The results were evaluated through SPSS (Duncan test) at a P<0.05 level. The analysis indicates that Black Seed and garlic extract were able to increase the number of white blood cells. While Black Seed gave rise to the amount of white blood cells and also caused the Albumin, alpha-1 and alpha-2 proteins and the A/G ratio to increase, garlic was effective in raising alpha-1 and gamma globulin levels. This is in contrast with elderberry, which plays a significant role in decreasing the gamma protein’s density. The two herbs, garlic and Black Seed, impressed the immune system through changing the density of such blood proteins Albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2 and altering the number of white blood cells; whereas the result suggest no significant effect in the case of elderberry.

The human Y chromosome contains genes that are located on three major intervals defined as AZFa, AZFb, AZFc. Deletions in these genes may result in spermatogenic failure in patients with oligospermia and azoospermia. The main perpose of this study is the investigation Prevalence partial microdeletion of Y chromosome (gr/gr, b1/b3, b2/b3) in oligospermia Males. In this study 30 oligospermia infertile mail with sperm count <10× 106 and 50 fertile men was investigated. Multiplex PCR were performed for investigation gr/gr, b1/b3, b2/b3 microdeletions. Totally, 5 patients (17%) and 6 healthy individual (12%) had deletions. 4 patients (13/7%) with gr/gr and 1patient with b2/b3 (3/4%) had shown. In healthy individual were 5 cases (10%) with gr/gr partial and 1 case (2%) with b2/b3. Our findings suggest that knowing the prevalence of AZF microdeletions in Iranian infertile men will be informative before starting assistend reproductive treatments.