مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیستم شماره 4 (شتاء 1436)

The issue of Muhammad''s illiteracy and the issues around it have been important debatable topics for a long time. This issue has both positive and negative news. Opponents commonly attribute ommy to ommolghora that is the same Mecca. However, advocates emphasize to prophet''s illiteracy based on verse 48 (spider) and other Qur''anic verses. There abundance of historical and anecdotal proofs showing the Prophet Muhammad being illiterate. Based on the Qur''anic verses and Hadith, the prophet illiteracy is considered a miracle because a revealed book like Qur''an is beyond the power and strength of an illiterate. The current study seeks to show that miracle of the Quran is related to one of the most important characteristics of the prophet, that is, his illiteracy.

As known, repetition sometimes is considered improper in regular books. In spite of the fact that the holy Quran is a miraculous book and repetition is not occurred in it without transcendental reasons, why there is so many repetitive verses in Qur''an? Assuming lack of spiritual repetition and that the only model of repetition in the Quran is verbal repetition and the repetition is considered diversified (tanwi’) or assuming spiritual repetition and accepting emphasis, it must be discussed as what is the cause of verbal repetition and its benefit. The author tries to respond to this question: why did not the Quran abstain repetition so that it could hinder any difficulty from the beginning? In response, researcher has proposed Arabs’ habit of repetition in oral speeches and number of events of which the verses belong to. Undoubtedly, when oral state requires to express a word or a sentence, repetition is considered good and lack of repetition is deprecated, because repetition increases rhetoric and of course Arabic poems are therefore full of repetitions. In addition, some events mentioned in the Qur''an are revealed more than once. In expressing benefits of verbal repetition in the Qur''an, it must be said that anyone focuses to studies of those verses, he/she will acquire a lot of benefits, each of which suffice to its justification in itself. Emphasis on reminding verses for more influences, stating the Qur''anic miracle and challenging for disability to use even the repetitive verses much less the different forms of an event, proving lack of distortion and that if the Qur''an was compiled after the Prophet’s life it would be varied. Considering harmonic meter in the end of the Qur''anic verses that gives it special beauty, is heart-wrenching to enemies of the Quran, more praise and deprecation of a group for their good deeds and vigor of anger to the other for their corrupted beliefs, explanation of the previous verses, authorizing heresy (kufr) in the heart of some people, and at the end, more reflections on the causes of repetition are of the benefits researchable in the Qur''anic verses. As such, what has been said, the Qur''an has extensive meanings and using repetition - Arabic style in colloquial – has delivered the deep concepts.

Tendency to najwa (religious whispering) and praying to God has been present in human soul from the time immemorial. In other words, the background of human’s God-seeking tendencies has been confirmed through historical and archeological excavations. Attachment to the infinite source of being and coming to the divine threshold is a process that can be possible through prayers and that''s the reason, worship enjoys special place in Islamic educational setup which has been encouraged by various ways. Considering the needs of the present generation on the one side and necessity of proper and sufficient attention on invaluable heritage from the household of the prophet, on the other side, the current study is dedicated to the literary discourse analysis of the first prayer in al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. The discourse analysis is a new method, which more than others, emphasizes on the relationship between text and its situational texture. Likewise, the discourse analysis intends to highlight relationship between features of literary text and its topic and texture. The results of this research, which is done using a descriptive-analytical method, indicate a harmony between linguistic context) literary features(of the first prayer and its situational context.

The Kalila & Dimna is considered as one of the beautiful collections of stories written in the field of philosophy and politics. In other words, animals used in this book as symbols have incurred much impact and at the same time could keep the actual intentions of the author hidden. One of the fables in this book is about a lion and jackals that show how their hostilities turn into friendship. The current paper tries to answer the following questions: Does this story carry the elements of fiction? (With regard to narrative context, characters, events and dialogType text or a website address or translate a document.ee), what are the relationships between these elements? Is there coherence among components? To respond to these questions, an attempt is made to discuss the fictional elements based on the principles of structuralism that forms the internal elements of the text. We have tried to distinguish the place of each of the elements in the story in order to explain the exact interaction between them as well as the nature of the relationship. Finally, we find that this story contains fictional elements in the framework of coherent structure.

The current research is based on comprehensive studies in the field of Arabic dictionaries compilations as well as experiences of authors in imparting the Arabic language education in Iran for years. As any language learning requires a dictionary, and since researchers in the area of second language teaching always suggest using monolingual dictionaries, it seems necessary to discuss the merits of this type of dictionaries for teaching and learning the Arabic language to non-nativespeakers. The present study, therefore, is aimed at investigating through (Al-Ma''ajam al-Wasseet) for its special status within the scientific and cultural community and as one of the most important references in Iran. It is found that the aforementioned dictionary, despite its scientific merit and lexicon richness, is unable to fulfill the complete needs of the non-nativelearners. This study also makes some systematic linguistic observations about other dictionaries that undoubtedly would be helpful for dictionary compilations.

Scientific researches do not know their limits and literary analysis and criticism, as precautionary text, do not take into account any prohibition or warning. The present study is an attempt to study prison poetry in the contemporary Iraqi literature, with an emphasis on poet, Hassan Al Sanyd, hence, attempts to analyze the issue of prison in his poems. Since, he was one of the political opponents of the Saddam regime, the paper focuses on the poems that were said in special circumstances and the poet''s own experience in the prison and those reflect outcomes of such experiences such as prohibition, repression and torture. The paper tries to highlight the poems that have survived the censorship and prison fence. The research has followed a descriptive analytical method and author’s perspective is based on: subjects and contents of the poems, their motivation and purpose. This study has also used deductive and analytical methods. In order to determine the framwwork of the research topic, only it takes into account the poetry related to prison and this study is based on one real question: what is the intention and subject of prison poetry of Hossein Al Sanyd. Findings show that 1. the prison poetry is symbol of suffering of Al Sanyd in opposition to the Baath regime as well as his aim of liberating the Iraqi people; 2. Prison is a symbol under Saddam regime that incarcerated the Iraqi people; 3. Imam Hussein and Rouhollah Khomeini are the poet''s symbols of protests that insist on the Islamic Revolution in Iraq its victory in the near future.