مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار 1393)

ackground: Occupational stress takes place in relationship between person and environment. It’s created by three major factors including characteristics personal, working conditions, relationships between them. Stress is caused by psychological imbalances and has different outcomes on health. This study examined the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction in health care staff. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the health care staff in khomeiniShahr Health Network (centers, building, and network home) if they had at least 6 months work experience. Data includes a three-part questionnaire with a standardized questionnaire. Data questionnaire consisted of three parts: a) demographic information, b) job stress questionnaire Davis et al (reliability 0.70 and validity 0.86) and c) job descriptions questionnaire Smith (JDI) with 6 domains (Validity0.93). The results show that the average job satisfaction score 43.49±13.1. Most satisfaction related to relationship with colleague and the least satisfaction was related to salary and benefits. The mean stress score was 29.21 ± 18.12. Pearson correlation test showed a significant negative correlation between job stress and job satisfaction (r = -0.50, p<0.001). In this study, a significant relationship was found between sex and stress (p=0.01). The results of this study showed the increased stress caused reduced job satisfaction. Due to the importance of health care organizations with significant responsibility for preventive care, assessment and reduction of job stress in health care staff is essential for management systems to improve quality of health services.

Depression is one of the most common and specific problems during pregnancy and after it. Maternal postpartum depression compromises mothers’ health and affected social relationship and has negative effect on infant development. The aimed of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression and its related factors in Isfahanian mothers.This is a cross - sectional study. The study populations were 133 women who at the last 4-8 weeks after of labor those referred to Isfahan health centers. Demographic information and obstetric and Beck Depression Inventory were applied. Three categories emerged according to the degree of depression scale: mild, moderate and severe depression. Statistical analysis was used with the Pearson correlation and linear regression in SPSS version 18. 73 mothers had mild depression (10-19) and 56 moderate depressions (20-29), respectively. Among the factors of related with depression, maternal education, financial status, unwanted pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome and maternal occupational history, there was a significant correlation with postpartum depression (P>0.05). But the other factors such as age, sex, birth, and abortion was no significant relationship. Variables in the regression analysis, having a satisfaction with baby sex with postpartum depression were which; nine variables in total 27.7 percentage variance explain the postpartum depression. Among these factors, the predictive variables of maternal education, type of delivery, financial condition, unwanted pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome and maternal occupational history was significant in the meantime, the prediction of unplanned pregnancy more than other variables(ß =0.24).With attention to the factors associated with postpartum depression, the health care planner will help to better manage this problem. The results of this study will help to better understand the factors influencing of mothers in the labor process as the mothers in the labor process concerns the least mental tolerant.

Today the justice is the most important concepts affects on organization survival, since understanding and recognizing of organizational justice is a necessity in social cooperation. The current study conducted with the aim of examining the association between emotional intelligence in Isfahan University of Medical Science Staffs with organizational justice This study is a description of correlation conducted in 1391. The study population consisted of 872 staffs in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The data collected with the use of organizational justice Colquitt questionnaire and emotional intelligence petrides & Furnhan questionnaire. To analyze the data, the descriptive, distributional and central tendency parameter as well as PEARSON correlation and variance analyze and regression analyze, by using of 16 version Amos software was used. with regard to statistical population of this study, certain aspects of recognized organizational justice are in satisfactory level. The highest mean associated to intra- personal justice (18/7) and the lowest mean associated to procedural justice (11/37). The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and personality characteristics in Isfahan University of Medical Science staffs on perceived organizational justice with regard to these results, the association between emotional intelligence and personality characteristics with organizational justice is significant and there is the highest correlation between personality characteristics and Procedural justice and the lowest correlation between emotional intelligence and intra- personal justice.

The organizational commitment concept attracted many researchers’ attention to this field; because staff commitment is a strong and effective power of success these organizations. The current study conducted with the aim of investigation the effective factors on organizational commitment dimensions in the view of physicians and sub- physicians’ inductee to service law based on PESTEL model.

This study is a description of the correlation conducted in 2012. The study population consisted of 1612 staffs’ inductee to physicians and sub- physician’s service law in health care centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The data collected with the use of provide questionnaire of selective factors in PESTEL model in the view of the university human recourses authorities and native questionnaire of Allen & Meyer (1997) organizational commitment. To analyze these data, the descriptive, distributional and central tendency parameter as well as PEARSON correlation and variance analyze, on the other hand with 16 version SPSS software was used.

The results of this study indicate that the coefficient of correlation between affective commitment and economic, social, legal factors and the coefficient of correlation between normative commitment and economic, social factors is significant in P≤ 0/5 level.

The effort to improve staff’s abilities is a valuable strategy to important organizational commitment among these people. It is necessary for top organization managers to provide – proper circumstance to improve organizational commitment among its staffs more.

Studies suggest a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients compared with other types of cancer.Note that depression and anxiety influence other important parameters such as the patient's psychological status, quality of life, patients´ immune system, efficiency of treatment, duration of hospitalization and survival, the researchers design and implement study aimed at survey the anxiety and depression and its relationship with demographic factors of breast cancer referred to the specialized Isfahan hospital of cancer. This was a descriptive-analytic study. A total number of 297 hospitalized patients with breast cancer were enrolled in 2011 with simple sampling methodology.. The DASS-42 Inventory was applied to measure anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical methods running SPSSV18 soft-ware with Confidence coefficient 95% Based on the findings the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with breast cancer was respectively 34.5% then 24%. The majority subject's depression and anxiety prevalence were in the range of medium (respectively 38.6% for depression and 66.9% for anxiety). of this study showed that there was not a statistically significant relationship between anxiety with the level of education, marital status, occupation, type of treatment and time elapsed since diagnosis, also there was not a statistically significant relationships between depression with age, gender, employment status, type of treatment and time elapsed since diagnosis (P>0.05), but based on the findings there was a statistically significant relationship between anxiety with Number of Children (P<0.001) as well as between depression with the level of education (P=0.03), marital status (P=0.05) and Number of Children (P=0.02). The results showed that anxiety and depression are common mental disorders among breast cancer patients in the country. Given to the significant effects of anxiety and depression in the context of personal and social life, mental and physical health, dealing with depression and anxiety is an importance and necessity matter which more attention of health authorities must be paid to this issue.

Improving patient safety is a priority of the International common. Patient safety is a critical component to the quality of health care. The aim of this study was to assess patient safety culture among employees of health care providers, hospitals in Tehran. The survey was a cross-sectional study was done in 2010. Data were collected from all the staff groups in hospitals (n=348). A standard questionnaire from York University is used to evaluate staff Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture. This study used SPSS 16.0 to perform the statistical analysis. Results of this study showed those employee's perceptions of patient safety culture in the medium (68/8 percent) are present. A significant association between hospital type, age, level of education, occupation, and work experience, there was a culture of patient safety (P < 0.05). Improving patients’ safety culture should be a priority among hospital administrators. Meanwhile, Healthcare staff should be encouraged to report errors without fear of punishment action.

Emotional support is a social network which provides individuals with noticeable psychological resources, so that they can deal with daily problems and stressful events of life. The aim of this study is to determine the mean score of the relationship of social support (emotional aspect) and quality of life of the elderly. This descriptive study was conducted in 2011. The statistical population was consisted of 356 individuals of the elderly people of Shahr-e-Kord. Participants were assessed by Norbeck Social Support questionnaire and Lipad Elderly quality of life questionnaire. Five demographic questions, 29 quality of life questions, and 7 social support questions were used in this study. Some questions were scored by ("very good", "good", "bad", and "very bad"), ("easily", "with difficulty", "only with help", and "cannot do it"), ("never", "rarely", "often", and "always"), ("yes", "I totally can", "I mostly can", "I sometimes can", and "I cannot"), ("almost always", "often", "rarely", and "never"), ("very satisfied", "satisfied", "unsatisfied", "very unsatisfied"), and others were scored by ("very rarely", "rarely", "often", and "always") options. Depending on the question type, each question was scored 1-5. The questionnaires were distributed and reviewed considering moral considerations and confidentiality of the answers. Finally, the data were managed by SPSS system and analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test. The results showed that, in comparison with elderly men, elderly women had lower quality of life and emotional support. Furthermore, Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between social support and quality of life of the elderly (r=0.54, P=0.05). According to the significant relationship between emotional social support and quality of life, it seems that paying attention to the role of social support in improving quality of life of the elderly may lead to beneficial results. Therefore, social supports, and emotional support in particular, are inexpensive resources that may lead to health promotion and, consequently, improvement of quality of life of the elderly; so, it's necessary that the planners prepare the circumstances in a way that the elderly can benefit from these supports.

Fertility as one of the factor affecting population growth itself is affected by various factors. Therefore, identifying factors which can influence this component is very vital. The purpose of this study was comparative investigate fecundity rate of 15-49 year old and married women under Imam-Emdad-committee and rehabilitation organizations’ protection and 15-49 year old women who are not under these organizations’ protection.

The method used in this research was survey. The research populations in this study were consisted of all 15-49, married woman under Imam-Emdad-Committee and rehabilitation support and 15-49, married women who are not under this type of protection in Shahreza, of this population 418 sample were determined and selected through multiphase random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher including eight questions. In order to analyze data descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean score) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, independent-T, and One-Way ANOVA) were carried out by using SPSS16 soft ware in level significant less than 0.01.

The obtained results reveled there were a significant relationship between education condition, residential place, the length of marriage, the first marriage age, sex preference, the number of abortions (under protection group) with fecundity rate in level significant less than 0.01, whereas, there were no significant relationships between residential place, sex preference and the number of abortion (not under protection group) with fecundity rate in level significant less than 0.01.

According to survey results promotion of female literacy, making culture in the field having positive attitude to offspring daughter, providing necessary facilities and hold in glasses in order to awareness of rural by methods of contraception can be effective to decrease in fertility.

Neonatal Cholestasis is an important infant’s diseases of liver and biliary, they are wide range of situation including; idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, extrahepatic biliary tract atresia, Choledochal cysts and infectious diseases. Lack of early diagnosis of the disease can be followed by irreparably complications. The aim of this study was determination the histopathological causes of neonatal Cholestasis in Shahid Sadoughi- Yazd hospital during 2006-2012. This study was a retrospective study; that performed in census method among 52 files have been archived in the pathology section Shahid Sadoughi- Yazd hospital regarding neonatal Cholestasis, during 2006-2012.For data collection includes; demographic, clinical and pathological was used a checklist. Data collected were analyzed by spss-18 with using descriptive statistics and chi-square test in a=0.05. 40.4% female and 59.6% percent were male. Respectively frequency of Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis (INH) and Extra Hepatic Biliary Atresia (EHBA) (90.4%) were more than other causes. EHBA Patients were older. Males more than females suffered of EHBA. Hepatomegaly in EHBA Patients was more than INH Patients. In Hneonatal more than neonatal EHBA had clear stool symptom (P=0.017). INH and EHBA were the main causes of neonatal Cholestasis. Clinical symptoms aren’t proper differential diagnose regarding INH and EHBA. It is suggest to differential diagnose used of liver biopsy test.

Heart failure is a severe chronic disease and has a negative impact on the Health-related quality of life (HRQL). In addition to preventing disease progress, one of the important goals in heart failure treatment is to improve the patient’s quality of life. This study is aimed to compare three generic to specific quality of life instruments that are used in cardiac rehabilitation setting in patients with heart failure. Three instruments for the assessment of quality of life, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and two disease-specific including quality of life after myocardial infarction questionnaire (MacNew), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF) were administered to 60 patients with heart failure participating in cardiac rehabilitation program. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, and 3 months after rehabilitation. All patients categorized based the New York Heart Association NYHA functional classification. The reliability analysis and other measures were calculated in SPSS 16. Pearson correlation coefficients in similar scales were positive in two disease-specific questionnaires (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation between the baseline MacNew general scale and all MLHF scales are positive and significant. Pearson correlation coefficients between 3-month follow up scores on the all MacNew scales and MLHF were significant (p ≤0.05). Changes on the MacNew mental and total scales and MLHF physical and general scales correlated significantly (p < 0.01). Internal consistency ranged from 0.64 to 0.76 for the MLHF and from 0.73 to 0.93 for the MacNew. There were significant difference between NYHA classification level II and III on the mental and total scales MLHF. The MacNew HRQL instruments according to change in NYHA classification level were not significant. We conclude that the MLHF and MacNew are both reliable and valuable and in heart failure patients, that MLHF discriminates better between severity grade baselines, that HRQL improves over 3 months with both measures, that the MLHF mental and total scale has the largest. α Chronbach.

Universities are the most important setting for science production and organizing academic research is one of the most effective strategies in society development. This research was performed to determine the research barriers from the viewpoint of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences faculty members. This descriptive study was conducted in 2008.faculty members on Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected by census sampling methods. The instrument for data collection was a validate & reliable questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS (16) software. 121 questionnaires were returned. The most important barriers of research were inadequate incentives in researchers, inadequate time and lots of work, not using the research results. Different barriers affect research activities based on facultie's point of view. Reviewing the approval process for research projects, empowerment of human resources, attention to research utility, designing of communication and information sys Removing these barriers by the research officials & hospital managers is necessary.

Foreign immigrants form the part of the population of each country. Among the foreign immigrant population in Iran, The share of immigrants and nationals from Afghanistan is very noticeable. One of the factors that affect this people's physical and mental health is social support. This study aimed to investigate the status of social support and its effective factors on afghan immigrants were performed. This cross-sectional study of 400 cases of Afghan immigrants was carried out in Savojbolagh County in 1391. For collecting the survey data, the Questionnaires of demographic and Vaux's social support have been used. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and correlation, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, by SPSS18 software. The study cases were 231 men (57.7%) and 169 women (42.3%). Total average age of immigrants is 54.8 ±01.26, the average age for men is 54.7 ± 58.24 and for women is 42.9 ± 96.27. The average score of Social support was higher in women than men. Between social support and gender, education, job satisfaction, economic status, chronic disease, and residence status, a statistically significant relationship was found (P<0.05). However, the statistically significant relationship between social support and place of birth was not observed (P>0.05). According to the findings of this study, different individual and environmental factors can be effective in the social support of migrants. Also social support status of Afghan immigrants is moderate, so the need to provide informational, emotional, and instrumental support for enhancing the social support status in them is tangible.

Academic optimism about teachers is a new construct. The objective of this study was investigation of primary school teacher's academic optimism and organizational citizenship behavior in Shiraz City. The method of this study was descriptive and correlational study. The population of this study were all teachers (men and women) working in the 1391-1392 school year in public schools in Shiraz city. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to selection of 200 of teachers. In total, sample size was reduced to 124 teachers. In this study 6 questionnaires were used that included: Academic optimism (Trust in students and parents, Teachers self-efficacy, Academic emphasis); Organizational citizenship behavior; Dispositional optimism; and Student-centered beliefs and practice. The results showed that there were positive and significance relationships between the academic optimism, citizenship behavior, dispositional optimism, and Student-centered beliefs and practice is established. In addition, there was an insignificant difference in male and female teachers’ optimism. More teachers’ optimistic attitudes towards life will increases scientific optimism. Student-centered activities will increase scientific optimism among teachers. Teachers’ academic optimism was able to predict their organizational behavior. The results of path analysis showed that the model fits the data very well.

This study aimed to survey a total five common human and veterinary antibiotics, including ampicillin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin, and ciprofloxacin based on SPE-LC-MS-MS technology in a wastewater treatment plant at central plateau of Iran. Also two sampling techniques, passive and grab samplings were compared in the detection of selected antibiotics. In February to April 2012, grab and passive samples were taken from the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant. The samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the extracts were analyzed through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with electrospray ionization in positive ionization mode. The results showed that enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and tylosin were not detected in none of the samples. However, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were detected in the grab and passive samples taken from the influent and treated effluent of the plant. Because lack of recovery and matrix effect data, and some technical and economical limitations, the presence of the antibiotics was reported qualitatively. The results imply that passive and grab sampling techniques have similar efficiency in the detection of antibiotics in influent and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant. The presence of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin in raw municipal wastewater entered to the plant and treated effluent may lead to potential emergence of resistant bacteria that should be considered in future studies.

One of the main problems in composting in Iran is a production of leachate in high volume. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and quantity of municipal solid waste composting leachate from different stages of Isfahan composting plant.

This descriptive study was performed to determine the chemical quality of leachate samples from different stages of the composting process, in the 4 season and was done monthly as grab sampling. Leachate flow measurements were carried out at the site. Chemical parameters including pH, COD, TSS, EC, ammonia, phosphorus and heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cr) from 4 ports (Receiving hall, Shredding, Press and fermentation site) was analyzed.

The composting plant average flow was 0.4L/s that the maximum and the minimum flow were measured 1.2 and 0.2 L/s respectively. Effluent flow of receiving hall, Shredding, Press and fermentation site was measured 0.04, 0.08, 0.08 and 0.3 L/s respectively. The average COD concentration of leachate from receiving hall, Shredding, Press and fermentation site was 39864, 104643, 29898, 119592 and 99660 mg/l respectively.

The maximum flow and organic pollution load of leachate originates from fermentation site. The minimum of mentioned parameters and the maximum of heavy metals were measured in the Shredding part. Source separation and waste recycling is the most important way to reduce the production of leachate.

Correct statistical data plays a significant role in evaluating the performance of an organization. Managers are mainly expected to use the results of statistical analysis and statisticians are assumed to collect, analyze and interpret the data. This study is aimed at investigating the causes of statistical inconsistencies from the viewpoint of managers and statisticians in centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. This is a cross-sectional study in which 113 managers and statisticians working in centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences participated. They were selected based on census on researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The items in the questionnaire were designed to reveal the six causes of statistical inconsistencies. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used via SPSS 19. The highest means for the causes of statistical inconsistencies were as follows: rules and directions (m=3.95±0.63, P=0.003), coordination (m=3.90±0.71, P=0.042), management (m=3.89±0.63, P=0.285) and control and supervision (m=3.87±0.72, P=0.597).These were among the main causes of statistical inconsistencies. The means associated with rules and directions, coordination and factors involved in the process of producing and presenting statistics (P<0.001) had meaningful statistical difference among the investigated groups. Regarding the main causes of statistical inconsistencies in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from the viewpoint of statisticians as producers and managers as consumers, these causes were associated with rules and directions, coordination, management, control and supervision. Therefore, detailed plans are required to minimize and eliminate these causes.

Recognizing the importance of ritual Pray as one of the most significant indicators of practical religion; this study examines the ritual Pray among students. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Isfahan university of medical sciences in 2012 all freshman students by census were examined. Entry criteria were being Muslim and willingness to participate in the study. Data were collected by self-play questionnaire by volunteer students and were analyzed with SPSS18 software using descriptive and inferential statistical. Seventy percent of the students were participated in the study. Of these 7/74% were females, 2/90% were single. In emotion and affective dimension 7/2% of students were poor and 3/26% of them were intermediate, and 71% were favorable. In behavior aspect 57.4% of students almost daily said prayer and 4/1% never said pray, 18.7% of the students most of the times and 7.5% always participated in communal prayer only 10.3% never did not participate communal prayer, 38.1% of the students most of time and 19.8% almost always said their prays on time. Given the importance and delicacy of the subject, the development of effective training programs to strengthen this holy duty especially for students at the dormitory is suggested.

One of the problems at the present age is anxiety, feelings of hopelessness and nihilism among humans that would cause many problems in life so that stress has called new civilization diseases. This issue would be doubled importance of addressing to this subject and find a way for the treatment and prevention of mental health risk. This study was conducted with library method, Trust word has been introduced as one of the ways to prevent and treat stress which have even noticed by western psychologists. Trust means reliance on God and give Him all things with a sense of satisfaction that can provide the real ground for hope, Reliance, goodness, thought, patience, avoiding the ugly human traits, passionate in achieving the goals, objective view to the world and its events and ultimately improve quality of life and mental health and numerous verses and Hadiths confirms this. Due to the trust and confidence, these kinds of peoples are hopefully and patience to the events around them because they perceived that the world and its problems are objectively and whatever what happened is interest and beneficiary for them Thus they have mental peace more than others.

Marital adjustment is one of the most extensive concepts to determine and show the happiness and stability rate of couples’ relationship. Marital adjustment affects on different dimensions of individuals’ personal and social life. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of solution- focused short-term couple therapy on women’s marital adjustment increase in Qom in 2012.

This research is semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The populations are couples referring to family counseling centers in Qom and they were self –introduced. The samples were 60 women who were volunteer to attend in this research, selected available and allocated randomly into two groups of experimental and control. The research measures were demographic characteristics and Spanier’s marital adjustment questionnaire. To analyze the data, covariance analysis and also descriptive statistics were used by SPSS.

The analysis showed group education based on solution- focused short-term couple therapy has significant effect on marital adjustment (p<0/05).Also, it is influenced on satisfaction, unity and affection expression (p<0/05).

Concerning the increasing of divorce rate and marital satisfaction and adjustment decrease in recent two decades in our country, solution- focused therapy can increase marital adjustment and prevent divorce through helping couples develop effective solutions and finding exception issues in life.

Since, midwifery plays a pivotal role in terms of both family and social health, and increase their job satisfaction will result in augmented care and medical services quality delivered to both susceptible groups named mothers and infants as well as family health and satisfaction, then attention to their heath and job satisfaction seems critical. Therefore; the current study was aimed at exploring midwifery job satisfaction who works in maternity. This study is cross-sectional. In total, 106 selected randomly midwifery working in maternities of Isfahan city interred the study. Data gathering method was job satisfaction questionnaire (JDI) including (55 questions) that was created by smith, Kendal and haleen and its validity and reliability was previously confirmed in other surveys. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and descriptive and analytical (Pierson and spearman correlation, one-way ANNOVA and independent t-test) statistical tests. Significance level was also taken into account less than 0.05. Results shown that score mean of midwifery job satisfaction is 44.75±16.43 (considered from 100), job satisfaction was classified as 23.8% low, 69.5%moderate and 6.7% high. The utmost satisfaction was supervisor satisfaction (61.9%) and the most grievances were both salary (83.8%) and job elation (57.1%). There was a significant relationship between total job satisfactions with all that aspects. In this study, also there was no significant relationship between total job satisfactions with factors including age, job experience, education and marital status. Although; there was a statistical significant relationship between total job satisfaction with salary and employment status (P<0.05). This survey maintained that only a few percent of midwifery working in maternity have high job satisfaction, therefore; it is recommended that authorities’ causes increase job satisfaction, qualified work place for midwifery and a pleasure place for patients and individuals using approaches including work place improvement, increase salary, making a chance for job elation and supportive instructions.