نشریه توسعه محلی (روستایی - شهری)
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 9، پاییز و زمستان 1392)

The main subject of this study is the investigating of glocalization and its reflexivity on Women''s identity in Hawraman. It can be said that one of the most significant current discussions in transitional societies is having an understanding of the encounter between local and global elements and، investigating the impact of this encounter. Because there is an ongoing، complex interaction between global forces and long run patterns of culture and identity. In such situation Hawraman women had a tendency towards reflexive actions regarding their traditional roles and functions. For this reason glocalization and reflexive modernity theories have been used as theoretical guidance. The method employed in this study is the qualitative method. Participatory and depth interviews have been used as the main means of collecting qualitative data. Then the results of qualitative data have shown in a model based on grounded theory principles. The findings of study show that Women’s identity concerning tendency to education and specially regarding home-work has changed based on global values، but in relation to work in out of home and having independence in decision making، traditional and local values has maintain their roles on Women''s identity. As well as، the results of study indicated that glocalization of Women''s identity had occurred through an interaction between local and global values.

Purpose of this article is study of analyzing the policy and administrative barriers in farmer''s participation in Keznar Dam Water use cooperative. Statistical population is all of the beneficiaries that resident in Keznar dam area (Aligoodarz County). Method of simple random sampling was used for sampling method. Questionnaire was used for data collection and Data were analyzed by SPSS. result show that five factors including «Negligence of authorities»، «Improper distribution mechanism ''،» Lack of consultation with the people «،» Infringement «and» Authorities meet their commitments «can explain 71. 85% total variances of variables. The data are all beneficiaries of the dam are Aligoodarz Kznar city. Were randomly sampled data by a questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been confirmed، were collected. Analysis software SPSS for factor analysis was used to analyze the data. research results of factor analysis show that five neglect» officials، «»improper water distribution mechanism،«» failure to consult with people «،» perfect law «and» officials meet their commitments. «including administrative barriers - lack of effective political participation of farmers in water users cooperatives were formed in all these five factors could 85/71% of the total variance of variables to explain. In this context، community participation and intersectional collaboration at all levels and stages and coordination among relevant bureaus and institutions were recommended.

Institutional capacity-building is one of the important strategies affect on developing justice-oriented agriculture and good governance. Experience in other countries showed that efficient institutions have a vital role in promoting smallholder agriculture and sustainable management in natural resources. But Iranian agricultural policy makers and managers neglected it in spite of the importance of institutions in agricultural Smallholder developing، because of lack holistic attitude on whole parts of agricultural development. Hence the main purpose of this quality research was to modeling of Effective Institutionsfor smallholder agriculture development with emphasis on NGOs using grounded theory. In this regard، samples selected using purposive and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured interviews used to data collection and the average interview lengthen 70 minutes. Also data pluralism and participants feedback used for approving of reliability and validity. Data analysis showed that developing of “small and medium enterprises” and performing of functions including “research، development and encouraging local innovation”; “advising and generating idea and plan”; “identify entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial support”; “land contracting services”; and “insurance-financial services”. These structures should be considered in the plan of non-governmental institutional capacity-building in agricultural sector.

Shortage of natural and finance resources، integrated poverty، unemployment، immigration and depopulation of villages from young and efficient population، are some of disadvantages and deep rooted barriers which expanding the differences between rural and urban communities and leading the rural communities'' sustainability and development to fail consequently. Proliferation and application of such mismanagements to only aquifer Zayande-Roud water basin of central Iran in recent years، accompanied by exacerbation of climatic deficiencies and continuation of droughts، have intensified the water deficit crisis so that conducted to becoming dry the Zayande-roud River and tensing the livelihood and dwelling situations of inferior rural communities of the basin. Investigation and assessing of socio-economical and environmental impacts of this phenomenon in a completely rural region، called Baraan، located at the east of Isfahan metropolitan is the main purpose of this study. The statistical population was also all of the rural family heads populated and agriculturally occupied in the region. To gather the needed data، a detailed questionnaire was designed، validated and completed by interviewing the sample of family heads، which randomly sampled and proportionally assigned to selected villages. The main impacts of recent occurred droughts water deficiency crisis in the studied rural area، have been related to social structure، economical fundamentals and opportunities of agriculture sector and finally the environmental dimensions about the management and qualities of land resources. The dominant type of the region''s farming systems has been the integrated up to 5 hectare farms. Environmental damages and vulnerabilities due to droughts have been considerable and more significant in small size and disperse farm types. Modification of cropping pattern and application of new and more efficient irrigation and water conveyance methods، as the adaptation and compatibility approaches against the drought and water deficiency crisis، are unfortunately impossible or unperceived obligatory by many of farmers due to their demographic and farming style properties. Due to the disincentive roles of the small size integrated farms up to 5 hectare and senescence and illiteracy or low literacy of farmers، awareness، adoption and application of such innovative actions require vast and well programmed and presented extension and education services.