Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 1, 2014

Vitamin D directly (due to receptor activation by vitamin D) or indirectly (through regulation of calcium homeostasis) effects on the pathogenic mechanisms associated with both types of diabetes, such as pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, impaired insulin action and systemic inflammation. It has been shown that using Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy has relation with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes. In non-obese diabetic mice studies, pharmacological doses of vitamin D can delay the onset of diabetes. Any direct link between vitamin D and risk of type 2 diabetes has not been established yet, however many questions such as the concentration of vitamin D for optimal glucose homeostasis and how long pursuit to understand the effect of vitamin D on insulin secretion and sensitivity is essential have not been fully answered. The use of 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 for preventing or treating diabetes through its hypercalcemic effects and bone turnover is limited. On the other hand however, the protective effects only observed in response to doses higher than the physiological levels. In any case, a better understanding of the role of vitamin D can lead to the development of preventive strategies for both types of diabetes..

One of the most common diseases between zoonosis - especially in developing countries – is brucellosis. Identification of Brucella cell antigen combinations in terms of the amount and type of immune response in infected hosts, are important in vaccine design. 31kDa Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP31) is shared among all Brucellae. We aimed to define specific immune responses to BCSP31 which are elicited during infection of murine host with B. abortus. Surface protein of 31 kDa (BCSP31) is present in all strains, and here, the host immune response during murine infection with Brucella abortus which are formed in proportion to the proteins are studied. Recombinant BCSP31 (rBCSP31) of B. abortus was produced and purified. One group of BALB/c mice were infected with pathogenic B. abortus 544 and maintained for 60 days; a no-infected group of mice also was considered. Specific serum antibodies directed to rBCSP31 was evaluated through ELISA. Splenocytes of mice were cultured and stimulated with rBCSP31; thereafter, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ cytokine responses of spleen lymphocytes were assessed. We detected a remarkable IgG titer along with IgG1 and IgG2a specific to recombinant BCSP31 in serum samples from infected mice. Significant titers of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies than BCSP31 in the the serum of mice infected with the virulent strain were observed. The Evaluation of Splenocytes responses to rBCSP31 also showed a significant IL-12 and IFN-γ production along with remarkable IL-4 production in infected mice. All responses were significantly different from that of non-infected mice (p<0.05). These findings suggest that specific humoral and cell-mediated responses to BCSP31 is formed during murine host infection with B. abortus. Based on these findings, rBCSP31 can be used in further design of immunogenic strategies for vaccination against brucellosis.

Ginger is a plant that was used for bronchodilation from the ancient times. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiberofficinale on mechanical activity of isolated trachea and its interaction with nitric oxide system. 15 adult male rats after adapting with their environment for one week were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and theirs trachea were isolated and divided into 3-mm strips. Then the isolated tracheal strips were divided into control and experimental groups that were inserted to organ bath contained krebs solution. The mechanical activity of trachea was recorded by power lab system. After establishing the basic conditions, in experimental group, hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (0.3mg/ml) and to control group in the same conditions, ethanol 70% as solvent was added. Then, mechanical activity of each group in the presence of L-NAME was recorded. The data were analyzed through paired sample t- test at P ≤ 0.05 as the significant level. The results showed significant decrease of mechanical activity of tracheal strips in the group which was exposed to ginger. These effects were not reversed after administration of L- NAME in comparison with the control group. It can be concluded that ginger has an inhibitory effect on mechanical activity of trachea which is probably independent from nitric oxide system.

The infection caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial gastrointestinal diseases throughout the world. Based on the role of H. pylori in a variety of diseases such as gastrointestinal and lymphoma, present study is aimed to consider the concentration of IgA and IgG against H. pylori in both rural and urban populations and then its relationship with some demographic characteristics. In this descriptive study, 400 sera samples were collected from both genders at the Sari treatment- health center. After blood collection, the concentration of IgG and IgA against H. pylori was measured by ELISA kit. There was no significant difference in antibodies titration between men and women. Approximately 18.5% of males and 16.5% of females were positive regarding to IgA and 70.2% of men and 66.7% of women were positive regarding to IgG. The mean of antibodies in rural populations (0.87±0.35) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than those in urban populations (0.78±0.41). The mean of antibodies in patients who had a history of gastrointestinal infection was significantly higher than others (p<0.05). Due to the high level of IgA and IgG antibodies in studied populations, especially in rural people, and lack of symptoms in patients, the screen of positive serologic populations can be helpful for the management and control of infections caused by H. pylori.

Due to the vital role of liver in the detoxification, the present study determined the pretreatment effects of boiled coffee and Curcuruma Longa on serum Albumin as a liver indicator in male rats treated with tioacetamide. In this study, 56 male rats were divided into 7 groups of 8. During their pretreatment period of 68 days, the boiled coffee, pure curcuruma longa and Curcuruma Longa extraction each with a dose of 4mg/kg and the combination of boiled coffee and Curcuruma Longa extraction with the dose of 2 mg/kg as a food was given to rats in their diets.. The first blood punctuation was performed. Then 100mg/kg tioacetamide were injected inter peritoneal in order to induce liver damage. The second blood punctuation was performed after 48 hours and the serum albumin level in the control and treatment groups were compared using ANOVA statistical method. The results of these investigations were shown that the average of serum albumin in control group was 2.87±0.22 that increased to 3.27±0.23 of tioacetamide treated group. The average of albumin boiled coffee group was 2.46±0.62 that decreased significantly (p<0.01). In this study, it was shown that the boiled coffee has the best protective liver effect. This effect is probably due to polyphonic compounds that neutralized the free radicals. The coffee drinking such kind of drinks could be suggested as a protective effect on liver damages in human.

Bone defects in jaws create major problems for oral and maxillofacial surgery. To overcome the limitations of Autografts tissue engineering uses autogenus cells and synthetic scaffolds. Type of cells or cell sources have an important effect on the construction which is produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and probable limitations of osteoblast isolation from the periosteum and alveolar bone in an animal model and to compare their probable results quantitatively. Bone and periosteal samples were harvested from interdental septum and retromolar area of 4 dogs. Because no cell was grown new samples were harvested from edentulous ridge and buccal mandibular periosteum. Since no cell was isolated in next step samples were harvested from buccal area of maxillary premolars and explants in cell culture medium. After 2 weeks adherent cells reaching 80% confluent; cells were counted and passaged in cell culture flasks. Despite first good proliferation of periosteal cells of all dogs in P0, their growth was stopped and they become senescence after one week. The key problems in culture techniques are cell senescence and de-differentiation leading to lose the ability of proliferation. It seems there are probable reasons for isolating of osteoblasts including thermal damage of cells, contamination of culture with fibroblasts, inconsistency of medium and cell requirements, enzymatic damage from enzymes used for cell passage and high donor ages.

Choosing antihypertensive as a drug for treating hypertension is the most important part of its treatment. The present study was done in investigating the consistancy rate of hypertension treatment through Guide Line JNC-7 in patients who were referred to health centers and health houses of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2012. In this cross- sectional study, the non-random sample of population was consisted of 200 patients who were suffering from hypertension. The questionnaire contained both demographic information and the use of anti-hypertension medication based on guide line (JNC-7 (. After the confirmation approval of content validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the data and the descriptive statistics were analyzed through SPSS-15 software. 60 ٪ of the patients were in the first stage of hypertension and 40 percent of them were in the second one. Beta blockers were the most common prescribed drugs which were used among the first stage patients. However, ACEI and Diuretics (Thiazides) were the commonly prescribed drugs for the second stage hypertension patients. Patients who had diabetes and heart failure were used Beta- blocker drugs which was not in line with the Guide line JNC-7. The treatment of hypertension in patients was not in consistence with guideline JNC-7. It is recommended to organize training classes for doctors to inform patients about the better way of treating this problem.

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) are unipotent precursors of the gametes. PGCs can give rise to a type of pluripotent stem cells in vitro that are called embryonic germ (EG) cells. PGCs can also acquire such pluripotency in vivo and generate teratomas. Under specific culture conditions, PGCs can be reprogrammed to embryonic germ cells which are capable of expression of key pluripotency markers, such as Pou5f1(Oct4), Sox2 and Nanog. One approach to derive EG cells is manipulation of intracellular signaling pathways that play an important role in the pluripotency induction. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays major roles in various cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, apoptosis and pluripotency. For the induction of pluripotency and reprogramming of PGCs into EG cells, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway should be activated and using small molecules is one of the methods for reaching this objective. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), is one of the important molecules of canonical pathway of Wnt/β-catenin which signaling and inhibition of GSK3 by CHIR99021 small molecule, causes the activation of this pathway but it is not sufficient for reprogramming the PGCs into EG cells. In order to efficiently derive EG cells, MAPK signaling pathway should be inhibited simultaneously with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, using small molecule PD0325901. Thus, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the simultaneous inhibition of the MAPK pathway, can induce pluripotency in the rat PGCs and their reprogramming into EG cells.

Lead as a naturally-occurring element has different effects on hematopoitic system, nervous system, kidney, reproductive system and bone. In this investigation, was determined the effect of garlic alcoholic-water extract in kidney poisoning treatment induced by lead in neonatal rat. Rats were divided into 7 groups of 8. The First group was the control group, which had received no materials. The second group had received 0/1 ml distilled water, the third group had received the lead with a dose of 0/6 gram per liter. The forth group had just received 0/4 g/kg garlic alcoholic – water extract. The fifth, sixth, and seventh group had first received 0/6 g lead perliter and then received doses of 0/1, 0/2, 0/4 g/kg garlic. Then, injections was performed orally in 10 consecutive days. The data were analysed then using T. Based on the obtained results, there is a significant increase in the body weight and the kidney of the third, fifth, sixth and seventh groups compared with the control group. However, the body weight and kidney of rats in the fourth group showed a meaningful decrease comparing with the lead group. Regarding the third group, there was a meaningful increase in Urea, uric acid, creatinine and potassium compared with the control group but a significant decrease in the sodium. Protective effects of garlic on kidney are related to antioxidant properties, since different types of oxidation reactions have negative effects on glomerular filtration rate. Garlic is eliminating the poisoning effect of lead on the kidney because of having properties such as antioxidant and protective effect.

The prominent growth in the statistics of the patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the danger of its complication states a necessity to focus on finding new ways to control it. The present study then was performed to survey the effect of L-Arginin supplementation on the metabolism of sugar and lipid profiles in patients with diabetes type 2. In a randomized double-blind clinical trial, 75 patients with diabetes type 2 were divided into three groupsrandomly: 1. 3 gr L-Arginin per day, 2. 6 gr L-Arginin per day and 3. The placebo group. Height, weight, waist, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides (TG), Low Density ipoprotein (LDL), and the total cholesterol were measured before and after three months of intervention. no significant change was made in any of the lipid parameters in the intervention group. However, the two means of cholesterol and LDL decreased from169.12±34.83 mg/dl to 142.08±32.13mg/dl(P-Value<0.001) and from 96.80±35.46mg/dl to 86.64±32.65(P-Value=0.001), respectively though The changes in TG and HDL were not significant. Daily consumption of six gram L-Arginin during three months improves the lipid profiles in patients with Diabetes type2. Nevertheless, the dosage of three gram in a day of this supplement has no effect on the blood lipids status.

Selenium is often caused selenoproteins, which is using in the construction of antioxidant enzymes that are necessary for the health of those cells which are subjected to oxidative stress-induced. Due to its antioxidant properties, selenium is an essential and rare element for spermatogenesis and sperm characteristics, especially in the late reproductive age. Therefore, in this study, the role of selenium nanoparticles was investigated on semen parameters in young and adult rats. Mature male Wistar rats (2-3 months old) and the adult ones (10-12 months), are divided into 4 groups where 5 animals per each group are put (control, testifier and experimental groups). The experimental rats received Selenium Nano particles through stomach tube for 35 days, each day different doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of their body weight.. After this period, the semen parameters in both mature and adult rat were compared. The spermatozoa count, sperm motility and viability, increased particularly in adult rats which used 0.04 mg/kg body weight nano selenium and the number of dead and damaged Spermatozoa are significantly reduced (p<0.05). The Percentage of sperm cell injury increased significantly in young rats in the group that received a dose of 0.04 mg of selenium nanoparticles. These findings suggest that administration of Nano-Selenium improves the sperm parameters during the spermatogenesis.

Lung is a radiosensitive organ. Patients who are undergoing radiation therapy in their chest are subjected to radiation pneumonitis in the early phase and pulmonary fibrosis in the late one. Melatonin scavenges free radicals directly and acts as an indirect antioxidant through the activation of major antioxidant enzymes as well. The aim of the study thus is to investigate the effect of melatonin against the early damages in irradiated lungs. Male wistar rats were divided into five groups: the first group was considered as the control group. Both the second and the third group received 100 mg/kg melatonin intraorally however, the latter one underwent through 18Gy radiotherapy as well. The fourth group underwent through 18Gy radiotherapy in their chests. After 48 hours, all of the rats were killed for histhopathological evaluation. the results indicated that radiation increases the collapse and fibrosis and cause the abundance of macrophage compared to control group (p<0.05). Oral administration of melatonin before radiation therapy significantly increased the lymphocyte and macrophage frequency (p<0.001) and decreased the RBC (p<0.05) frequency compared to the radiation group. According to the results, melatonin can prevent early damages in irradiated lungs. Free radicals cause cytotoxicity and melatonin can directly decrease the radiation induced cell damages by converting the free radicals to non- toxic compounds and also through the activation of the major antioxidant enzymes.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition, quality of life is a state of complete physical, mental, and social health; not merely the absence of the disease. End stage renal disease and its treatment affect patient's quality of life. Therefore, the present study surveyed the quality of life in renal transplant recipients, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis patients in Kerman in the year 2012. The comparison was based on demographical information. This cross sectional study is an "analytical - comparison" one, which was conducted on 335 dialysis patients (150 hemodialysis patients, 95 renal transplant recipients, and 90 patients of peritoneal dialysis) in Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and nephrology wards of the educational hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Science in the year 2012. The mean scores of life quality in hemodialysis patients, peritoneal dialysis patients, and renal transplant recipients were 44.97±13.53, 65.70±5.48, and 75.78 ± 6.68, respectively. There was a significant difference between these three groups. According to the results, the life quality of renal transplant recipients is better than other groups. Moreover, quality of life in hemodialysis patients was significantly lower than other groups.