Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Jun 2014

Fatigue is a common symptom and one of the most important issues in community psychology. This study aimed to compare the rate and severity of fatigue in male and female students of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences and to present appropriate solutions. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 students who were selected randomly at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences on 2013. The data were collected through demographic characteristics and two standard questionnaires: MFI-20 and FSS for measuring the rate and severity of fatigue, respectively. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15, using statistical t-test with 95% (α=0.05) coefficient interval. Based on the findings, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of students’ age was 3.75±20.63 years, 67.7% of them (n=135) were female and 32.3% (n=65) were male. The mean and SD of the rate and severity of students’ fatigue were 3.68±1.24 and 51.22±12.16, respectively. Also, total fatigue of female students (53.16±12.57)was significantly higher than the male (47.15±10.19) (p=0.001). The rate and severity of fatigue in students of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences especially in female students were high. Therefore, the university officials as well as the students should plan and apply appropriate strategies to reduce students’ costs, modify educational system, decrease the burden of educational courses, change students’ life style, regulate students’ sleep-wake cycle, and use time and resources effectively.

Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APnEOs) and their metabolites disposal from sewage treatment plants (STP) are of particular concern due to their persistence, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and a potential endocrine disruptor. In this work, we focused on the determination of nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEOs) in water were collected from Karun River. In this study, Sample collections for Karun River water were carried out on rainy and dry seasons from 10 hydrometric stations according to standard methods. The water samples were prepared using solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed by HPLC–FLD. According to this study, NP and NPnEOs concentrations in Karun river water ranged from 0.118–1.369 μg/L and 0.130–0.365 μg/L, respectively. This study showed that the NP concentration in water samples of Karun River was higher than the other alkyphenolic metabolites. The data showed significant difference between mean concentrations of these compounds in the upstream and downstream stations of Ahwaz megacity (p–value <0.05). According to the classification of water resources in terms of concentration levels of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates, the Karun River in upstream and downstream of Ahvaz city can be considered to be of low pollution content and polluted, respectively. But in terms of toxicity effects, concentration of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates was acceptable. Due to the significant contributions of NP to the estrogenic activities, assessing the risk of estrogenic activity is necessary and future efforts should be focused on its impacts on biota in Karun River.

Regarding to fecal- oral transmission of hepatitis E virus and risk of fulminant hepatitis in the third trimester of pregnancy, the aim of the present study was to determine seroprevalence of HEV in pregnant women with regard to age, level of education, trimester of pregnancy and residency. A total of 418 serum samples were collected from January 2010 to January 2011. All pregnant women filled out the questionnaire form. Serum samples were examined for anti-HEV IgG and anti- HEV IgM using ELISA method. From 418 women, 22 cases were positive for anti-HEV IgG (5.26%) and in one woman (0.23%) anti- HEV IgM was positive. In the age groups of 30-40 and 20-30 years, the seropositivity for anti-HEV IgG was 8.6% and 2.5%, respectively. In group with higher age the positive cases of anti-HEV IgG was higher than in the other group. The rate of positivity of anti-HEV IgG in pregnant women with low level of education was 11.4% whereas 3% in university educated women. There was a significant difference between seropositivity of anti-HEV IgG and the trimester of pregnancy. The most of anti-HEV IgG positive were occurred in the third trimester of pregnancy (8.6%).Out of this 22 anti-HEV IgG positive cases 4.4% were living in urban and 6.3% were in rural areas. The present results showed that there is a direct relation between age, lower levels of education and trimester of pregnancy with the seroprevalence of HEV.

Mental health as an important part of overall health can be affected by various factors. It seems that Islamic covering associates with an individual’s overall health and affects mental health and wellbeing. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the attitude toward Islamic covering and mental health in female students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. This was a descriptive correlation study conducted on 225 female students selected by stratified sampling from different schools of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The attitude toward Islamic covering and mental status of students were measured by the means of a researcher-made and GHQ28 questionnaire and correlated afterwards. In order to analyze the data، SPSS17 was used and descriptive statistics، Pearson correlation، t-test، and X2 test were employed. The results showed that 19. 55% of the students had a positive attitude towards having Islamic covering، 23. 12% were against it، and 57. 33% remained neutral. Among the participants، 55. 6% had good mental health، and 44. 4% were in unhealthy conditions. It was also revealed that a significant relationship existed between the attitude toward Islamic covering and all the aspects of mental health among the students (p<0. 001). Considering the significant relationship between the attitude toward Islamic covering and all the aspects of mental health، we suggest that the university should pay more attention to the students covering and enhance their attitude toward it in order to prevent and reduce social vulnerability، particularly a mental one.

Motor skills disorder in children with motor dys-function is a common disorder in childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal disorders in children with developmental coordination disorder in comparison with healthy children. Using developmental disorder coordina-tion questionnaire (DCDQ''07), 59 male children with a develop-mental coordination disorder (length:134.71±6.91, weight: 31.66±6.66, age: 9.33±0.77) and 59 healthy male children were se-lected, and 13 physical anomalies were evaluated using flexible ruler, goniometer, mirror boxes, tape measure and chessboard. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test with statistical significance at p< 0.05. Intensity prevalence of forward head, kyphosis and lordo-sis posture, crooked neck, shoulders down and tilted back abnor-malities in male children with developmental coordination disorder was significantly higher than in the healthy group (p>0.05). How-ever, there was no significant difference in prevalence of pelvic tilt, flat foot (foot pronation), pes cavus (foot supination), hallux valgus, hammertoe, knee valgus, and genu varum between the two groups (p< 0.05). The results of our study revealed that the children with developmental coordination disorder need more attention and effective corrective action plans.

Due to prevalence of septorhinoplasty surgery in Iran and in the world, and the importance of anesthetic technique in bleeding and conducting an accurate and uncomplicated surgery, we decided to compare the hemodynamic stability, bleeding and recovery time with the two techniques in the surgical anesthetic propofol and isoflurane in septorhinoplasty. This is a prospective, double-blind, and randomized trial study in which enrolled 60 patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery in class ASA I and ASA II. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. Then hemodynamics changes, bleeding and surgeon satisfaction were evaluated and recorded for both groups during surgery and after (recovery). Data were analyzed using SPSS V18. Of 60 patients, 40 were females and 20 males, with a mean age of 25 ± 2.3 years old. The patients had no underlying disease, and their anesthesia and surgical characteristics were similar. Bleeding mean was 155 ± 14.3 ml in the propofol group, and 164.12 ± 18.24 ml in the isoflurane group, which was not significantly different in terms of bleeding. There was a significant difference between recovery time and incidence of nausea and vomiting between the two groups (P<0.05), therefore the average recovery time was 20.23 ± 3.28 in the propofol group min and 25.13 ± 4.72 min in the isoflurane group. Intraoperative hemodynamics was not significantly different between the two study groups (P>0.05). The average duration of surgery in both groups was 179 ± 21 min. The findings of this study showed that there were no significant differences between bleeding and hemodynamic stability in the two methods, and anesthesia and induction in both techniques can be used in septorhinoplasty surgery. However, since the recovery time was short and incidence of nausea and vomiting in anesthesia with propofol was less than isoflurane, it seemed that the use of propofol was better than isoflurane.

Chitin and its derivatives (chitosan) are natural biopolymer produced from crustacean shell, which due to their active functional groups such as amine and hydroxyl have high ability to absorb heavy metals from water and wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate zinc removal from aqueous solutions by using chitin extracted from shrimp shells. To study the removal of zinc, chitin extracted from shrimp shells was used as biosorption in a batch system. In addition, the influence of pH, initial metal concentration, amount of adsorbent and contact time on adsorption process was investigated. The results of this research showed that the absorption capacity of zinc closely depended on the pH of solution, as zinc absorption concentration increased in terms of mg/g with increasing pH. The results of equilibrium studies revealed that zinc absorption process on the extracted chitin was desirable and followed the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo second kinetic model. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that functional groups such as amine (-NH2 (and hydroxyl (-OH) had the highest effect on adsorption of zinc. According to the obtained results, the chitin extracted from shrimp shells appeared to be a suitable adsorbent for removing zinc from aqueous solutions.

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2MAX) Forced Vital Capacity(FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume(FEV1) and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation(MVV) are important indicators of Pulmonary functions that show physical health and physical activity of individuals. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of yoga and aerobic trainings on Pulmonary functions parameters in untrained women. Thirty (Healthy and untrained) women (Mean±SD;age:26.53±4.98yr, height:1.60±0.53m, weight:72.66± 14.94kg, BMI:28.52±5.82kg/m2)volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (yoga, aerobic and control) of 10 persons on basis of BMI of 10 persons. The training groups (yoga and aerobic) participated in their special exercise program during eight weeks, 3days in a week, a session in each day and every session lasted for 1 hour. Before and after training sessions, all Pulmonary function parameters (FVC, FEV1and MVV) were measured by spirometer, and VO2MAX were examined by Shuttle Run Test in all three groups. Descriptive statistics, analysis of covariate (ANCOVA) and Scheffe post hoc test were used for analyze the data. The results showed significant increases in Pulmonary indexes (FVC, FEV1and MVV) and VO2MAX in both yoga and aerobic groups compared to control group(p<0.05). Overall the results showed that there is no significant differences between eight week yoga and aerobic exercise in indicators of Pulmonary function and VO2MAX.