فهرست مطالب
Iranian Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2014
- تاریخ انتشار: 1393/04/22
- تعداد عناوین: 10
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Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Reactive Red 198 Dye Removal from the Aqueous SolutionPages 1-9Background andPurposeThe main objectives of this research were to evaluating the application of electrocoagulation process for 198 dye from the aqueous phase and determining the optimum operating conditions to the dye removal using aluminum and iron electrodes.Materials And MethodsThe present study was conducted in bench-scale. The spectrophotometer DR 5000 was used to determine the dye concentration. The effects of pH, retention time, voltage, dye concentration on the efficiency of electrocoagulation process were investigated. Data were analyzed in SPSS for Windows 16.0 using Pearson’scorrelation coefficient to analyze the relationship between these parameters.ResultsThe results showed that the optimal conditions for reactive red 198 (RR-198) dye removal from the aqueous solution are pH of 11, the voltage of 32 V, the initial dye concentration of 10 ppm, and the reaction time of 40 min. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between voltage and the reaction time with the removal efficiencies (P< 0.01).ConclusionIt was revealed that the removal efficiency of dye was directly proportional to the voltage and reaction time, but inversely proportional to the initial dye concentration. In conclusion, electrocoagulation process using two-fold iron and aluminum electrodes is an appropriate method for reducing the RR-198 dye in the aqueous phase.
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Pages 10-18Background andPurposeThe major motivation behind all human communities’ efforts and transformation is to promote and advance human beings health. This study aimed at to compare the effect of a healthy lifestyle electronic education on the knowledge and satisfaction of the elderly.Materials And MethodsThis semi-experimental method has been done along with pre- and post-test for people 65 and older at Sari-based retirement Club in 2011. A total of 30 elderly people have been chosen through simple random sampling in two distinct 15 individual classes for women and men. The learners’ knowledge about nutrition has been assessed by using the standard questionnaire. The data have been described by SPSS software, using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.ResultsMean score of elderly’s awareness before electronic education was 1.72 with the standard deviation of 0.71 which increased to 2.37 for the mean and 0.90 for the standard deviation after the education. The correlated t-test with 3.20, the observed difference is significant at the error level of 0.05. The mean of elderly’s awareness before education was 11.55 with the standard deviation of 1.56 that increased after education 6.38 and 1.48, respectively. The level of satisfaction in the elderly was 52.73 with the standard deviation of 5.16.ConclusionThe result showed that training through educational film has been more effective on the elderly people’s nutritional knowledge and also the old people have been satisfied with the healthy lifestyle training through educational film. Thus, training via film and other educational means is recommended to promote the elderly’s health as a more efficient and effective method.
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Pages 19-24Background andPurposeCholera is an endemic disease in Iran and in some cases each year from around the country report. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the disease cholera among people suffering from acute diarrhea in the AranvaBidgol.Materials And MethodsIn this study, patients with acute diarrhea were examined for cholera detection in the city of AranvaBidgol in summer 2011. All 294 patients with acute diarrhea referred to rectal swabs in the laboratory of health centers and in the specific microbial culture medium of thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar. Furthermore, some information about health behaviors, such as drinking water supply, status of food preservation, toilets status, drinks, and food consumption in the outdoors was collected from all participants in this study.ResultsLaboratory results showed that Vibrio cholerae isolated from 21 patient stool cultures and these patients were to have cholera disease. About 23.81% of the patients were male and 76.19% were female. Fifteen patients (71.43%) were Nag form of cholera and 6 patients (28.57%) were diagnosed with Eltor form of cholera. According the completed questionnaire by patients the origin of V. cholerae has been announced consumption of raw vegetables (42.85%) and springs and subterranean water (38.59%).ConclusionConsumption of raw vegetables and water (springs and subterranean) are the important factors for mobility to cholera and it should be more considered prevention and control program and monitoring methods about using of safe water and food.
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Pages 25-36Background andPurposeClimate change has an important role on the health and productivity of the occupant of the building. The objective of this study is to estimate the effects of climate change on thermal comfort in hot and wet areas, as in the case of the city of Douala.Materials And MethodsThe general circulation model (CSMK3 Model, Scenario B1) was adopted for this purpose.Outdoor daily parameters of temperature, sunshine, and precipitation of last 40 years were analyzed and allowed us to make forecast on this area. The past (1990-2000), the present (2001-2011), and the future (2012-2022) were considered in the hypotheses.ResultsIt has been found that Douala like some large cities of Africa is already and will be severely hit of advantage by climate change if anything is not going to slow. By 2033, it is expected to have an increase of more than 0.21° C of temperature; thus, a decrease of precipitation.ConclusionIn 2023, total discomfort will reign in the dry season, especially in January where humidex could reach 42.9. On the other hand, in the rainy season, humidex will increase of 0.91 compared to year 2013. This effect will have an increase of temperature. When we maintain relative humidity, and we increase temperature, humidex varies enormously and displays a maximum value, with maximum temperature.
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Pages 37-44Background andPurposeNow-a-days, patient satisfaction is increasingly receiving the attention of health-service providers, which is a necessary step to enhance the quality of health services. The present study aimed at exploring patient-physician communicative patterns, physicians’ job satisfaction, and patients’ satisfaction at Isfahan, Iran.Materials And MethodsThis study was a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional survey in the summer of 2010. Simple random sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected through using three self-designed questionnaires on physicians’ job satisfaction, patient-physician relationship patterns (based on Hollander and Szase’ ideas), and patients’ satisfaction. Validity of the questionnaire was checked by a panel of experts. Furthermore, internal consistency reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.80). Different dimensions of the job satisfaction questionnaire were salary, supervision, setting, promotion, fringe benefits, and working conditions. Data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows 13.0 software.ResultsThe mean score of patient-physician relationship was 63. Therefore, the most frequent patient-physician communication pattern was guidance-cooperation. The mean score of physician’ job satisfaction was 50.2. The mean score of patients’ satisfaction was 86.5. Physicians’ job satisfaction was found to be related to patient-physician communication pattern (P < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough patient-physician communication patterns are important, different variable such as patients’ and physicians’ satisfaction influence the patterns. Furthermore, improvement communication process between health care providers can be useful in the increasing patient satisfaction and patient quality of care.
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Pages 45-51Background andPurposeWork-related accidents are causing distress and economic losses. This study was conducted to estimate the burden of occupational accidents by the use of disability-adjusted life year (DALY) calculation in Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), Tehran province, between 2008 and 2011 time frame.Materials And MethodsThis descriptive analytical study was conducted based on the provided data by the Social Security Organization. Subjects consisted of all workers who had a work-related accident during 2008-2011 and were registered in the ISSO database. In order to maintain the comparability of the methodology for the calculation of years lost due to premature mortality and years lived with disability and DALYs, the global burden data of diseases were collected.ResultsThe rate of DALY was 399.552 years; 63% and 37% of which were due to premature mortality and disability, respectively. About 29% of life which accounted for the highest frequency was lost between the ages 25 and 34. In terms of gender, 99% frequency DALY was related to male workers. The most common type of accident was injury and fracture with 119.609 years lost. The most affected organs were hands and legs with 112.46 and 102.48 years lost, respectively. Fall recognized as the season with the highest DALY burden (108.85 years).ConclusionSince majority of the incidents observed were preventable, accidental preventing programs, by the use of physical protection, training and oversees of workshops and are known to be effective in injuries reduction.
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Pages 52-57Background andPurposeHealth-promoting activities and a healthy lifestyle are major strategies to preserve health. The purpose of this research study, health-promoting behaviors of medical sciences student of Islamic Azad University of Sari, Iran, was carried out in order to determine the compliance and to promote the medical community.Materials And MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted on 285 university students, School of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, who were selected using stratified random sampling. Tools for data collection questionnaire were health-promoting lifestyle profile-II, which includes two main categories of health behaviors and psychosocial health of six sub-categories. Data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and for analysis, Friedman and One-sample test was used.ResultsOf the six dimensions of health-promoting behaviors, spiritual growth, averaging 25.11 ± 4.57 most, and the area of physical activity with a mean 18.33 ± 4.40 was the lowest score accounted in this study. The results of Freidman test showed that the ranking of dimensions (aspects) are as following: 1 - personnel inter-relationship; 2 - spiritual growth; 3 - nutrition; 4 - management stress; 5 - health responsibility; and 6 - physical activity.ConclusionThe finding was shown that doing the facilitator behavior and health promotion in the students are at the acceptable level. Furthermore, the terms of personnel inter-relationship, spiritual growth, nutrition, and stress management are at the important level of health promotion aspects. Regarding the above situations of health-promoting behaviors for health education programs among medical group students is recommended.
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Pages 58-62Background andPurposeThe elderly resident of Sari sanatorium is vulnerable in terms of nutrition. This study has been conducted to investigate the nutritive condition of the elderly resident of Sari sanatorium in 2011.Materials And MethodsThe method of the present study is periodic and descriptive type. The 104 elderly were studied. The samples’ anthropometric indices were measured, and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire of the elderly was filled. At last, the total scores of nutritional state were calculated according to MNA and the relationship between the investigated factors and MNA scores were analyzed.ResultsThe result of the study showed that according to MNA, 38.62% of elderly under the investigation suffered from malnutrition and 40.38% were subject to malnutrition. In addition, the analysis of the data showed that there was a meaningful statistical relationship among the elderly nutritive states based on MNA, daily consumption of drug ability to move, neuropsychiatric problems, personal idea about their nutritive state, and health condition.ConclusionThere is an urgent need to include some nutritional interventions due to a high-degree of malnutrition and being subject to it in elderly sanatorium.
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Pages 63-68Background andPurposePediculosis (Pediculus capitis) is a worldwide public health concern that affects mostly on primary school-aged children. This descriptive study was performed to determine the prevalence of pediculosis and some risk factors among girls primary school in Azadshahr city, Golestan province, Iran.Materials And MethodsA total of 1510 girls were selected from primary schools of Azadshahr from first to sixth grade. Data were collected from the selected schools by one trained nursing inspector. A questionnaire was filled for each school child prior to hair examination, then examination was carried out to detect head lice as well as eggs/nits. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 16.0 and the chi-square test. Statistical significance was considered at the level of (P < 0.05).ResultsOf 1510 primary school girls under investigation, 55 were infected with pediculosis with the average infection of 3.60%. The results showed significant variations in head lice infestation, and factors such as sharing instruments, personal health, parents educations, bathing facilities, hair length, family size, father profession, hair shape, health care employer (P < 0.05); while there was no significant variation in lice infestation when, frequency of mothers profession and hair shape (P > 0.05).ConclusionIncreasing awareness and training of teachers and parents, as well as improving standards of personal health can significantly reduce the prevalence of pediculosis.
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Pages 69-75Background andPurposeRecent perspectives on public understandings of global environmental risk have emphasized the interpretation, judgment and sense-making “that takes place, modes of perception that are inextricably tied to aspects of and local” context. The main interest of this study is to observe the socio-demographic (gender, age, and education) differences in awareness of pollution and sources of air pollution.Materials And MethodsThe target population of this study were adult (>25 years) inhabitants of Tehran city. The information is gathered through a questionnaire conducted in various study areas then compared with demographic variables.ResultsAwareness of air pollution was highly found in higher educated of men, while this same result was observed within the women with lower education (under diploma). The results also showed that women in both groups are more concerned with all of the pollution than men.ConclusionWith regard to health impacts, men perceived air pollution to be associated with respiratory disease, whereas women perceive asthma to be associated with air pollution.