مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 284 (هفته اول تیر 1393)

Serum adiponectin (ADPN), an adipocyte-produced hormone, has a higher level in patients with uremia with or without diabetes. Plasma ADPN levels are direct predictor of cardiovascular outcomes among patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Also, Studies showed that level of adiponectin reflects death. Seventy-three under-hemodialysis patients without diabetes were selected. Fasting blood sample of all patients was caught to determine ADPN level and other parameters. Weight, body mass index, waist and abdomen were measured, too. To assess the relationship of ADPN level with other parameters, Pearson test was used. There was significant negative association of ADPN level with weight (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), waist (P < 0.05) and abdomen (P < 0.01) circumferences and serum triglyceride level (P < 0.01). Our results demonstrated that serum ADPN level in without-diabetes patients under hemodialysis show malnutrition, wasting and lower muscle and fat tissue. The findings need further evaluation to precisely find the impact of ADPN on mortality and morbidity of under-hemodialysis patients.

In events such as a nuclear explosion or leakage of radioactive material from nuclear power dungeons or other events in nuclear medicine departments in hospitals, many people accidentally receive an unspecified amount of ionizing radiation. First step to treat is evaluation of radiation dose received by the victims. In such situation and in radiotherapy program, dosimetry is used for evaluation of treatment planning. Some measurable biological indexes used for evaluation of dose of radiation. Some measurable biological indexes can be used in biological dosimetry to measure the radiation dose and estimate the radiation effect. In this study, the test for biological dosimetry based on apoptosis induced by gamma radiation in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was performed in 16 volunteers. The blood lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) 1640 medium and then, were placed in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C. Then, the samples were prepared from the culture medium and radiated with different doses of gamma radiation. Sample transferred to incubator again to measure their apoptosis. Radiation-induced apoptosis in the cell population was measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V + fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and prodidium iodide (PI) stains. Radiation induced apoptosis was measureable with enough precision. But measured apoptosis depended on delay time after irradiation and protocole of flow cytometry. The results of this study show that it is possible to use radiation for measuring apoptosis as a biological dosimeter in a short time after radiation exposure in the events such as a nuclear explosion or leakage of radioactive material.

Nowadays, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are widely used for cartilage tissue engineering. However, most studies are in the field of scaffolds, growth factors and mechanical stimulation methods. But, few studies have been conducted regarding changes in surface markers during chondrogenesis. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the changes in surface markers CD14 and CD44 during chondrogenesis.

Human subcutaneous adipose tissue were isolated and cultured from 3 persons influenced by collagenase enzyme and stem cells. The cells of second passage were used for flow cytometry analysis of CD14 and CD44 surface markers. Second passage cells were cultured in alginate scaffolds under the influence of chondrogenic medium. Differentiated cells at the days 7 and 14 were used to evaluate CD14 and CD44 surface markers.

The mean expression of CD44 in ADSCs was 96.8% but CD14 did not expressed in 98.6% of the cells. In stem cells, the mean expression of CD44 differentiated in alginate scaffolds on the day 7 was 96.3%; but on the day 14, it fell to 52.8%. The mean expression of CD14 at the days 7 and 14 was 99.7% and 99.9%, respectively.

Our investigation revealed that the stem cells and differentiated cells at the day 7 express CD44 at high level, but at day 14, the expression of CD44 in differentiated cells is reduced. CD14 is not expressed on stem cells but in differentiated cells is expressed in high level. Due to these changes in surface markers during chondrogenesis, using them can be offered to determine chondrogenesis and to compare differentiated and normal chondrocytes.

Brain hemorrhage due to head trauma is one of the most common causes of death. Early diagnosis of location and type of brain hemorrhage is crucial. For saving the patients completely, it is necessary to detect the correct location and type of the hemorrhage in an early stage. In this study, we introduced an automatic brain hemorrhage detection and classification algorithm to improve and accelerate the process of physicians’ decision-making. To achieve the purpose, at first a segmentation algorithm was usedto detect and separate the hemorrhage regions from other parts of the brain. Then, a number of appropriate features from each detected hemorrhage region were extracted and then by using genetic algorithm, the most convenient features were selected. The utilized computed tomography (CT-scan) images in this research were collected from Kashani hospital CT-scan center (Isfahan, Iran) and were of 70 men and women between the ages of 15-60 years. Using the proposed segmentation and classification algorithm, the segmentation accuracy for different types of hemorrhages [epidural (EDH), intracerebral (ICH) and subdural (SDH)] were obtained as 96.87%, 96.10%, 92.15%, respectively. Also, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was detected and separated from other types of hemorrhage with the accuracy rate of 91.82% and classified with accuracy rate of 94.13%. In this research, an independent and automatic brain hemorrhage detection and classification algorithm was assessed. Our proposed algorithm is an attempt to improve and accelerate the process of physicians’ decision-making to save the patients’ lives. By using the proposed algorithm, we were able to detect and classify four kinds of dangerous hemorrhages in CT-scan images and accelerat the process of the victim’s treatment.

Vascular lesions are of significant importance in the progression of various kidney diseases. Indeed, various kidney diseases result from primary lesions to the vascular component; however in some cases, vascular compartment is involved secondarily in the disease process affecting primarily either the glomeruli or the tubulointerstitial components. Recently, much attention was made toward vasculopathy in patients with lupus nephropathy. Most of these morphologic lesions belong to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome nephropathy. In this regard, it is necessary to precisely define vascular lesions in patients with lupus nephropathy.