مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال ششم شماره 2 (زمستان 1392)

Adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of β1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 µg/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 μg/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 μg/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory. It can be concluded that the β1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play an important role in scopolamine state-dependent learning.

Benthos communities play an important role in the food chain wetlands ecosystem, and the study of the communities are suitable criteria for assessing the ecological status of an aquatic ecosystem. In this study, the identification, abundance and biomass of Gomishan wetland benthos monthly was studied at three stations in autumn 2010 (from October to end of November). Sampling at each station (with triplicates) done by Van Veen Grab sampler and fixed with a ratio of 4% formalin and transported to the laboratory for later testing. During this study, four families Chironomidae, Neritidae, Planorbidae and Pyrgulidae were identified. The results of the study of the abundance and biomass of benthos at different Stations showed that Pyrgulidae family than other families had the highest abundance and biomass. Benthos of Planorbidae family was not observed At Station 2 at throughout the sampling month and station 1 at November. The results indicate that about 55% of the benthos abundance or dominance belongs to the Pyrgulidae family in Gomishan wetland.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Myrtus communis extract in 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, 0.156 mg/ml concentration on Hela and MCF7 cell lines after 72 h using the MTT assay. Hela and MCF7 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing fetal bovine serum, penicillin and streptomycin and incubated at 37 ° C atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in sterile flasks. Results show that ethanolic extract of M. communis in 1.25 mg/ml (p ≤ 0.05), and 0.312, 0.156 (p ≤ 0.02) concentration, was significantly reduced Hela cell growth compared to control, after 72 h. The highest percentage of growth inhibition at 0.625 mg/ml concentration was % 82.33. For MCF7 cells, ethanolic extract of M. communis in 2.5, 1.25, 0/312 mg/ml (p≤ 0/02) and 0.625 (p≤ 0/001) concentration was significantly reduced MCF7 cell growth compared to control, after 72 h. The highest percentage of growth inhibition at 1.25 mg/ml concentration was 70.64 %. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of M. communis has inhibitory effects on cell growth both on Hela and MCF7 cell line.

The imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant can be the cause of oxidative stress.Oxidative stress induces different diseases and tissue damages. Isoniazid has been used for the purpose of producing free radicals. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on blood elements such as Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu. In this study, 63 male rats were used and divided in 9 groups; in each group 7 rats were included. Isoniazid 50mg/kg was orally administered to rats continuously once per day for 28 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. The experimental groups received for 28 days, Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract with the doses 100, 250 and 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and also some experimental groups were coadministered with different doses of the extract and isoniazid; the results of serum Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu were compared with the control and sham groups, as well. Also, the animal livers of all groups were separated and dissected for the histopathological studies. Zn and Cu were increased significantly in the treated-groups with Salvia officinalis, but the levels of Fe and Mg showed a significant decrease in the experimental groups treated with all the doses of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract. It seems that tannin and bitter compounds of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract are the main agents to alternate the blood element levels.

Persian salamander Paradactylodon gorganensis is endemic, unique and valuable genetic pool of Iranian Amphibians that exists in forests of Golestsn province. In this research, for the investigation of biological aspects of this species, for the first time natural habitats include Odaneh, Req and Gorgloo springs have been recognized in forested area of Ziarat village in south of Gorgan in 1250-1600m elevation above the sea level. We studied these localities 12 times from August 2009 to September 2010. Also, geographical position, climate, substrate, fauna, flora were investigated. In every time characters of larvae were studied. Results, shows that larvae are active at all time of the year, even when the habitat covered with snow and air temperature is -3°C. The larvae were seen with different sizes and ages in a same time, Therefore, it seems that they don’t transform during the first year. There was cannibalism relationship in larvae. Also some of larvae may be eaten by crabs (Potamon sp). Although larvae have 4 fingers and toes in the limbs but some specimens were seen without, 3 and 5 fingers and toes. It seems that the air and water temperature do not have serious effect on growth and metamorphosis in larvae. Habitat destruction by farmers and animals, pH changes, water shortage are the most important and threating factors for population of this endemic species that live in specific habitats with limited distribution.

Since ancient times, gold has been prescribed by old doctors as food and medicine for cure of many illnesses like fear and stress. The purpose of this research is studying of the impression of inter ventricle- brain injection gold Nano-particles on the number of lobules and alveoli and epithelial cells in breast glands at female rotes after childbirth. Control groups for each period instead of gold nano-particles, received distilled water. After surgery, the rats were killed at the end of perfusion and brain was removed from the skull and they were removed from the skull and brains were stored in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Then 4μm sections were prepared from frozen brains and the process of cutting and preparation of slides and stained slides were counted by the gratitude. In this research, the site of ventricle was indicated by using of Parkinson atlas and by stereo tax system a case study mice and guidance canals exactly installed on the same site. Nano-particle was injector to ventricle at amounts 1, 5 and 10 µg/ kg. Histological study of actual lobules and alveoli is performed at breast glands of animal 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection. Histological study of the breast glands shows that the injection of gold nano-particle at doses 1 µg/kg and 5 µg/kg increase the number of epithelial and alloys of breast glands at desert female mouse race of instar. But close 10 µg/kg isn’t such impressions. The results show that repeated doses of injected particles at various doses was effective in effect. Nano-particles of gold could act as a competitive antagonist of dopamine and dopamine receptor blocking effect on the release of dopamine effect on and inhibition of prolactin secretion is increased. PRL negative feedback on the hypothalamus of the way and reduce their secretion, which is a type of inhibition for each drug or increasing milk Probably one of the reasons that a dose of 10 micrograms per kilogram of gold nano-particles worked, so the effect of a negative feedback of prolactin on hypothalamic axis - the pituitary has been. The number of alveoli affected by the gold nano-particles with different doses compared to the control group and the dose was ineffective in some.

This paper presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Nayband marine national park. During a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 42415 wetland birds composed of 65 species from13 families and 5 orders of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed during the course of this study. The most common species counted was the Slender-billed Gull (Larus genei) with a total of 16946 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Nayband marine national park the largest family was Laridae with 58.832 percent abundance and the lowest was Dromadidae with 0.007 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 2005 with 10990 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2003 with 947 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness recording in years of 2002 and 2008 with 38 and 13 species respectively. The results showed that in this period wader's fauna with 91.5 percent and waterfowl fauna with 8.5 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2004 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna in Nayband marine national park and year of 2005 has the lowest biodiversity (P < 0.05).

Ulcer healing means to retrieve the whole physical internal and external structures which includes the complex interactions between different cells and factors- plenty of researchers has paid so much attention to shorten the time of healing just due to cost reduction and ulcer infection. They applied different ways to gain this goal so the basic aim of this research is to investigate the effects of cultivated Lactobacillas casei by chloroform on the Cutaneous wound healing- we used 220-280 g rats- the rats were kept in 20±2Ç and food and water provided for the entirely then the rats were divided to five experimental- control and negative control groups. A quadrangle wound 1.5×1.5 was created. The control and experiment groups were treated topically oserin and the oserin contains cultivated Lactobacillus casei by chloroform but the negative control group has received no treatment rats skin ulcers in rats exposed to pathological sampling and statistical and histology surveying. Findings showed that there are significant differences between ulcer healing percentages of control and experimental groups and negative control. In next phases of healing in experimental group-comparing control and negative control group the number of notrofils reduced. According to findings Lactobacillus casei bacteria which cultivated in chloroform significantly result in decreasing inflammation and accelerating ulcer healing in rats.

The aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture and zinc and iron in three species fish Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax from Hor-e-lazim wetland Khoozestan Province. 27 Samples were collected of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax Hor-e-lazim wetland. Data were analyzed with SPSS18 software in terms of t-test which determine prese or non-presence of the significant difference in level 95 precent (P=0.05). This study between of protein, ash and carbohydrate in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax from Hor-e-lazim wetland dosenot show significance different (P>0.05), but lipid and moisture in three species fish significance different (P<0.05). The highest of protein (17.5±0.62), lipid (3.43±0.2) and carbohydrate (0.61±0.009) in muscle of Barbus pectoralis and the highest of ash (1.56±0.15) and moisture (80.73±0.2) in muscle of Carasobarbus luteus. The lowest of protein (16.23±0.25) and lipid (1.3±0.17) were observed in muscle of Carasobarbus luteus and the lowest ash (1.02±0.072) and moisture (77.43±0.45) were observed in muscle of Barbus pectoralis. Concentration of iron in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 10.96±0.25, 10.46±0.28 and 9.73±0.2 mg Kg-1 ww. Concentration of zinc in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 11.9±0.36, 12.9±0.36 and 10.93±0.27 mg Kg-1 ww.