مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 72، امرداد و شهریور 1393)

During recent decades, bed rest is prescribed as a traditional treatment for many musculoskeletal disorders, which is today being challenged in terms of its efficiency. The present studywas aimed to study comparatively the effect of different durations of complete bed rest (CBR). In this clinical trial study, patients admitted to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital Clinic for acute low back pain were assigned to two groups A=40 and B=80 after homogenization. Group A was treated with celecoxib 200 mg daily and Group B with celecoxib 200 mg daily alongside CBR. Group B began daily activities after recovery from acute low back pain with any amount of CBR. Both groups were examined at enrollment, the third day, the seventh day, and the fourteenth day and standard Mcgill pain questionnaire was filled out for them. According to the findings of this study, total mean pain, based on the score of Mcgill questionnaire, in four examinations in CBR group decreased from 25.5 to 18.6, 9.8, and 2.2, which is statistically significant in all four examinations (p<0.05). In addition, pain decrease in control group was from 24.6 to 21.3, 14.4, and 7.3, with a statistically significant difference in only two (second and third) examinations (p<0.05). Generally, the decrease in pain in CBR group was higher than that in control. The present study indicated that CBR could cause low back pain in the patients with acute low back pain to decrease, with a significant difference from the decrease in pain in only pharmacologic treatment group. As a result, CBR could be suggested as an appropriate supplementary treatment alongside pharmacologic treatment.

The increasing trend of elderly population, inactivity and the increasing risk of cardio vascular diseases are parts of problems of current society. Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein are two risk factors of cardiovascular risk factors that have been presented in recent years and represented the risk of atherosclerosis independently. The aim of this study was to examine the effects in 12 weeks of aerobic training on Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein levels in non-athletic elderly men. In clinical trials with pre-test and post-test design, 20 non athletic men were selected and divided into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10) randomly. Weight and BMI of subjects were measured and blood samples were taken in 24 hours before beginning exercises to measure subjects Interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein. Experimental group began the aerobic exercise with reserve heart rate 40% and increased into reserve heart rate 75% during 12 weeks. All variables were again measured with the same condition after 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using statistical correlated t-test and independent t-test. Aerobic training caused a significant decrease in the level of Interleukin-18 (P=0.01) in the aerobic group, But it had no significant effect on weight (P=0.38), BMI (P=0.07) and C-reactive protein (P=0.09). Based on the results of this study, aerobic training decreased Interleukin-18 level and inflammation in elderly men. Thus, it is possible training crates a benefit in the prevention and a decrease of atherosclerosis of non-athletic old men.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is one of the most common endocrynological diseases. Todays, the trend in the treatment of diabetes by herbal medicines which have fewer side effects than chemical drugs has promoted. This study was performed to investigating the effects of extract of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) resin on the serum level of insulin and blood glucose in diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 28 rats were divided into four groups, the normal control, diabetic control, diabetic 1 (injection of insulin), diabetic 2 (injection of extract of Ferula assa-foetida’s resin). At the first, fifteenth and thirtieth days, insulin and blood glucose was measured. At first, fifteenth and thirtieth days, in the hyperglycemic groups, blood insulin increased and blood glucose increased in compared with normal control (P<0.05). At fifteenth day in diabetic groups 1 and 2, and at thirtieth day in diabetic group 2, respectively, was significantly increased and decreased in compared with diabetic control (P<0.05). Resin of Ferula assa-foetida lowered blood glucose. Probably synthesis and secretion of insulin and hyperplasia in the remaining pancreatic beta cells, was stimulated by resin of Ferula assa-foetida.

The control ability of body different positions in space was due to interaction between neural, sensory and muscle-skeletal systems, that in generally, defined as a postural control. Thus, the aim of present research was to examine the effect of visual, proprioception and vestibular systems manipulation on postural control in boys with 4-16 years-old. The present research is a crosctional study. The statistical samples included 240 boys with age range of 4-16 years-old (4 age groups) and 60 males were selected. To evaluate postural control, the sensory organization test of computerized dynamic posturography system was used. Collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc test test. The one-way ANOVA test results showed that the significant differences in postural control groups. Based on the results of Bonferroni post hoc test in condition 1 and 3, boys up to 16 year-old cannot achieve to postural control similar to adults. Also, in condition 2, the results showed that the differences between 13-16 years-old group and adults were not significant, but the differences between other age groups were significant (P<0.05). The 13-16 years-old boys, in condition 4 achieved in postural controls similar to adults. So, there was no significant difference between these groups (P>0.05). In 5 and 6 conditions, boys in all age groups were not able to achieve postural control similar to adults (P<0.05). According to the results of present research, it seems to boys up to 16 years-old could not be process and organization of sensory systems information similar to adults.

proprioception and balance are two effective factors on improving performance and sport injury prevention, but the effect of participate in different sport activates on this sense has been studied less. So, the aim of this study was to compare the knee joint sense position in soccer player, volleyball player and non-athlete men. 45 subjects including 15 soccer players, 15 volleyball players, 15 non Participated in this study. The Knee joint position sense of the dominant leg of these subjects was assessed through 15, 30, 60 degrees flexion reconstruction with closed eyes and in closed movement chain using electrogoniameter. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test and TUKEY POST HOC test. The results showed that the mean of absolute error in 60 degree reconstruction in volleyball players is significantly less than absolute error in soccer players and non-athletes (P<0.05). There was not significant differences between mean absolute error in 15, 30 degrees in the three groups of subjects (P>0.05). Volleyball players have better knee joint position sense in 60 degree reconstruction. Maybe plyometric training specially jump- descend with body weight can help to improving knee joint position sense.

Eriobotrya japonica flower extract (EJFE) has abundant amount of phenolic compounds. This study was aimed to examine protective effects of 12 weeks of voluntary exercise on a running wheel and EJFE on intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion on MANF in the Brainstem of parkinson’s rats. In this laboratory experimental study, fifty rats were divided into six groups: basic, control parkinson, training, training-parkinson, extract-parkinson and training-parkinson-extract. Training groups were housed in individual cages with attached running wheels and extracts groups during study period received 200 mg/kg extract intraperitoneally in twelve weeks three times per week. To induce parkinson, injection by 6-hydroxy‌dopamine solution (6-OHDA) (dissolved in saline) was administered into intracerebrovenricular (ICV) by a stereotaxic apparatus. MANF levels in the Brainstem were measured by ELISA. Voluntary wheel running and extract significantly prevent decreasing MANF levels in parkinson rats (P=0.001). MANF levels in training group increase and MANF levels in control parkinson decreased, but in training and extract group didn’t prevent decrease levels MANF in the Brainstem of parkinson’s rats (P=0.169). The results of this research showed that pre-treatment with voluntary exercise and hydroalcoholic extraction of Eriobotrya japonica may be increased protective against 6-OHDA toxicity and have protective role against parkinson disease.

Lithium is an alkali metal element which has used in pharmaceutical compounds against diseases of psychopathy disorders, hypothyroidism and depression. This study was aimed to evaluate lithium chronic effects on thyroid tissues and its secreted hormones in female rats. In this experimental study, 48 female mature rats (Wistar race), were examined. Rats were divided in two random groups; each group had three subgroups in 8 rats. Lithium carbonate solution was injected to the experimental group, intraperitoneally every other day at 8 in the morning with the dosage of 180 mg/kg bodyweight of lithium carbonate saluted distillated water in during 40 days using insulin syringe, whereas the control group just injected distillated water. After 40 days, the rats were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from the left ventricle. Then, the thyroid gland was removed and after anatomical examination it was fixed in 10% formalin. Level of hormones in serum was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The structure of the thyroid gland was examined by light microscopy. According to the results, there was a significant decrease in the thyroid weight of the experimental group (P=0.02), and thyrotropin (TSH) level decrease in the experimental group was significant as well (P=0.003). The level of thyroxine (T), T3 and T4 had a significant increase in the experimental group compared to control group (P=0.001). Regarding to the results, lithium carbonate has substantial effect on thyroid gland weight and on the serum levels of TSH, T3 and T4. Physicians should utilize this kind of medicine cautiously. Also it is recommended to warn patient about possibility of tyroidical disorder before treatment

Enterococcis are a part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract, and play an important role in the spread of resistance genes and produce antibiotic-resistant strains. With increasing the use of vancomycin antibiotics, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are one of the major nosocomial pathogens in worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of phenotype and genotype of van genes in vancomycine resistant Enterococci. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, after isolating and identifying 165 strains of enterococci from clinical specimens in different wards of Alzahra hospital, the enterococcus isolates were identified by biochemical confirmation tests. Resistance of each isolate to vancomycin determined by disk diffusion and E-Test method and was tested for the presence of the van A and van B genes by Real time PCR. The results of the 165 isolates of enterococci collected from clinical specimens showed 79 (48%) enterococcus was resistant by disk diffusion method to vancomycin, but using E-test, only 40 (25%) enterococci was resistant in high level to vancomycin. Real-time-PCR assay of 40 samples showed 37 patients (92/5%) included Van A gene and 3 (7/5%) with Van B gene. Based on the results of the present study, the rate of isolation of Van A-containing strains was higher than that of Van B-containing of Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan. Real Time-PCR has a high specificity compared to other phenotypic methods E-Test and disk diffusion method.

Previous laboratory studies have shown the importance of maintaining sufficient energy status for normal functioning of hormones that regulate bone formation and bone resorption. Ghrelin and obestatin are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively that affect energy balance. According to the importance of physical activity in energy balance and bone density, the aim of this study was to investigate the amount of ghrelin, obestatin, ghrelin to obestatin ratio and bone mass density and their relationship in athletes and non-athletes 50 -70 years old men. In this analytical study, thirty athletes and thirty non- athletes 50-70 years old men took part in this research. Bone mass density of femur and lumbar vertebras were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and ghrelin and obestatin were measured by ELISA method. The result of t-test showed that femur and lumbar bone mass density and ghrelin to obestatin ratio were significant higher in athlete group (P<0.05). The result of Pearson correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between ghrelin, obestatin and ghrelin to obestatin ratio with bone mass density. Regular participating in exercise training can increase bone mineral density and ghrelin to obestatin ratio in 50- 70 years old men. It seems that the relation between food intake and bone metabolism showed in previous researches is different with the relation between ghrelin, obestatin and ghrelin to obestatin ratio with bone density.

Saffron (Crocus sativius L.) has various pharmacological effects. Angiogenesis for embryogenesis and in many physiological and pathological events such as tumor growth is essential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of saffron in aortic rings of Wistar rats. In this experimental study, aorta of Wistar rat cut into pieces 1 mm and were cultured in the collagen matrix extracted. After observation the first vascular sprouts from aortic rings on the third day, samples were divided into 5 groups: control, Laboratory control (treated with PBS), experimental group 1 (treatment with aqueous extract of saffron concentration 150 μg/ml), experimental group 2 (200μg/ml), and experimental group 3 (300 μg/ml). Angiogenesis was assessed with invert microscope 24 h after treatment and all cases were photographed. Numbers and the length of vessels were measured by Image J software. The average number and the length of vessels in control group compared with the laboratory control samples showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The average length and number of blood vessels in experimental group 1 compared with control group showed no significant changes (P>0.05), but in the experimental group 2 and 3 showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). The aqueous extract of saffron has control effect in a dose dependent inhibition of angiogenesis. Therefore, regarding to the side effects of chemical drugs, the use of medicinal plants such as saffron with minimal effects can be effective in inhibiting angiogenesis.

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent mental retardation in hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to evaluate neonatal hypothyroidism screening program in the Chaharamahal and Bakhtiari province. The present study was a descriptive analytical study that was carried out on 100 individuals in 2009. Data were collected using a questionnaire made by researcher based on country instruction and analyzed using SPSS software was used. 23% of health staffs had a good knowledge of the hypothyroidism symptoms in infancy, and 73% of them had an average knowledge. Approximately, 79% of the activities related to preparations of sampling were done in the centers very well. According to the findings of this study, congenital hypothyroidism screening in 80% of the centers has very good condition. To achieve a better condition, it is recommended to send instruction and booklet to the centers that show a lack in this area.

The extensive studies examined necessary offline periods for happening consolidation enhancement in implicit and explicit memory in humans and obtained conflict findings. This study was aimed was to compare the effect of different offline periods on enhancement-based consolidation process in implicit motor memory. In this semi- experimental research, 60 health female students in the range of 20-30 years old were selected in convenience way and randomly divided into three groups with distance of 6, 24 and 72 hours in offline periods. This research consisted of two phases of learning and retention and serial reaction time task was used for this research. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measure and Bonferroni Post Hoc tests. Results showed that in skill learning stage, group main effect and interaction effect between groups were not significant (P>0.05), but epoch main effect was significant (P<0.05), and practice led to decrease the reaction time in fifth epoch compared to other epochs. In retention stage, the epoch main effect and its interactive effect between group and epoch were significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, results showed that three groups in retention test epoch have better performance rather than epoch 5 in learning stage. Bonferroni Post Hoc tests showed that practice in group with 24h offline period appeared the better performance in reaction time rather than two other groups (P<0.05). The search results indicated that make offline period after learning phase could be facilitated the implicit motor memory consolidation.

Having no motor coordination happens due to different factors such as nervous cerebral damages, muscular problems, anemia, and consuming drugs. Previous studies have shown different effects of beet (Beta vulgaris) such as, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, anti-acetylecholinstrase activity and reducing blood glucose. This study was aimed to examine the effect of ethanolic extract of beet roots and leaves on motor coordination. In this experimental study, beet ethanolic extracts were prepared from roots and leaves using maceration method. Wistar rats (200-250 gr.) were randomly divided into 7 groups of 8 rats and then saline or beet extracts were injected distilled water, extracts prepared from roots doses (500, 250 and 1000 mg/kg) and leaves (50, 100 mg/kg) for 25 days. In day 26, 30 min. after last injection, motor coordination was evaluated by rotarod. Extracts prepared from beet roots increased motor activity in doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Extract prepared from beet leaves improved motor coordination in dose of 50 mg/kg (P<0.05), but dose of 100 mg/kg did not demonstrate significant effect compared to the control group. Ethanolic extracts prepared from roots and leaves of beet improve motor coordination in male adult rats.